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Rites of Hajj al-Tamattu': Difference between revisions
→Sacrifice
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===Staying at 'Arafat=== | ===Staying at 'Arafat=== | ||
{{main|Wuquf at 'Arafat}} | {{main|Wuquf at 'Arafat}} | ||
Staying at Arafat is the second obligatory ritesof [[hajj]].<ref>Fikri, ''Farhang-i IsṭilaHat-i Hajj wa 'Umra'', P. 275.</ref> According to Shia jurists, the time of staying at [[Arafat|'Arafat]] is from noon on the ninth day of Dhu l-Hijja ([[day of Arafa]]) until sunset, which is the time of maghrib prayer.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 58.</ref> In the four Sunni denominations, the time of this rite is considered to be the day of 'Arafa. Of course, there is a difference between these denominations in the exact time.<ref>Murwarid, ''Al-Masadir al-fiqhiyya'', vol. 10, p.33; | Staying at Arafat is the second obligatory ritesof [[hajj]].<ref>Fikri, ''Farhang-i IsṭilaHat-i Hajj wa 'Umra'', P. 275.</ref> According to Shia jurists, the time of staying at [[Arafat|'Arafat]] is from noon on the ninth day of Dhu l-Hijja ([[day of Arafa]]) until sunset, which is the time of maghrib prayer.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 58.</ref> In the four Sunni denominations, the time of this rite is considered to be the day of 'Arafa. Of course, there is a difference between these denominations in the exact time.<ref>Murwarid, ''Al-Masadir al-fiqhiyya'', vol. 10, p.33; Tusi, ''Al-Khilaf'', vol. 1, p. 453; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 1, p. 522; Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 177; Pishih fard, ''Daramadi bar fiqh-i Muqarin'', p. 387; Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-arba'a'', Vol. 1, p. 597,599; Mughniya, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-khamsa'', vol. 1, p. 378.</ref> | ||
For a hajj pilgrim who does not get weak in praying, it is recommended to [[fast]] on this day. Being tahir, doing ghusl and staying at the bottom of the mountain and on flat ground, are other [[Recommendation|recommendations]] of staying at 'Arafat.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 59.</ref> | For a hajj pilgrim who does not get weak in praying, it is recommended to [[fast]] on this day. Being tahir, doing ghusl and staying at the bottom of the mountain and on flat ground, are other [[Recommendation|recommendations]] of staying at 'Arafat.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 59.</ref> | ||
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{{main|Wuquf at al-Mash'ar}} | {{main|Wuquf at al-Mash'ar}} | ||
Wuquf (staying) at al-Mash'ar is the third obligatory rite of [[hajj]].<ref>Fikri, ''Farhang-i IsṭilaHat-i Hajj wa 'Umra'', p. 276.</ref> The time of this rite, based on Shia jurisprudence, is from dawn on the 10th day of [[Dhu l-Hijja]] ([['Eid of al-Adha|Eid of al-Adha]]) until sunrise.<ref>Qadi'skar, ''Hajj dar andishi-yi islami'', P. 288.</ref> | Wuquf (staying) at al-Mash'ar is the third obligatory rite of [[hajj]].<ref>Fikri, ''Farhang-i IsṭilaHat-i Hajj wa 'Umra'', p. 276.</ref> The time of this rite, based on Shia jurisprudence, is from dawn on the 10th day of [[Dhu l-Hijja]] ([['Eid of al-Adha|Eid of al-Adha]]) until sunrise.<ref>Qadi'skar, ''Hajj dar andishi-yi islami'', P. 288.</ref> | ||
Reciting special Supplications,<ref> | Reciting special Supplications,<ref>saduq, ''Man la yaHduruh al-faqih'', vol. 2; p. 543.</ref> dhikr of God, and collecting pebbles for ramy al-Jamrat at [[Mina]] are also recommended while staying at mash'ar.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 63.</ref> | ||
===Rites of Mina === | ===Rites of Mina === | ||
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On the day of Eid al-Adha, after sunrise, it is obligatory for a pilgrim to throw seven stones at [[Jamra al-'Aqaba]] (the last jamara in Mina).<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 26.</ref> Throwing stones should be with the [[intention of Qurba]] and must be thrown one ofter another; So, if he throws several pebbles together, it is not enough, but it is counted as one.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 66-67.</ref> | On the day of Eid al-Adha, after sunrise, it is obligatory for a pilgrim to throw seven stones at [[Jamra al-'Aqaba]] (the last jamara in Mina).<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 26.</ref> Throwing stones should be with the [[intention of Qurba]] and must be thrown one ofter another; So, if he throws several pebbles together, it is not enough, but it is counted as one.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 66-67.</ref> | ||
According to Shia jurisprudence, when a pilgrim is performing ramy al-Jamar it is [[mustahabb]] to turn his back to the [[Qibla]].<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 67.</ref> Of course, Hanbali and Malikis denominatons have considered it mustahabb to face the Qibla when doing ramy of Jamra al-'Aqaba.<ref>Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-arba'a'', vol. 1, p. 599-605; | According to Shia jurisprudence, when a pilgrim is performing ramy al-Jamar it is [[mustahabb]] to turn his back to the [[Qibla]].<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 67.</ref> Of course, Hanbali and Malikis denominatons have considered it mustahabb to face the Qibla when doing ramy of Jamra al-'Aqaba.<ref>Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-arba'a'', vol. 1, p. 599-605; Tusi, ''Al-Khilaf'', vol. 1, p. 456; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 1, p. 533; Ibn Quddama, ''Al-Kafi fi fiqh ibn Hanbal'', P. 1045-1046; Namiri al-qurṭubi, ''Al-Kafi fi fiqh ahl al-madina'', p. 502.</ref> | ||
====Sacrifice==== | ====Sacrifice==== | ||
{{main|Sacrifice in hajj}} | {{main|Sacrifice in hajj}} | ||
It is obligatory for pilgrims to slaughter an animal in the | It is obligatory for pilgrims to slaughter an animal in the way of God, as one of the rites of [[hajj]]. Sheep, cows, and camels are animals that can be sacrificed.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 67.</ref> The time of sacrifice is after [[Ramy al-Jamarat|ramy al-Jamrah al-'Aqaba]] and before [[Taqsir or Halq|halq or taqsir]].<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 68.</ref> But based on Hanbali, Hanafi and Maliki jurisprudence, the time of sacrifice is the day of [[Eid al-Adha|Eid al-Adha]] and two days after it.<ref>Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-arba'a'', vol. 1, p. 587-588; Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 252-258.</ref> | ||
The pilgrim can sacrifice the animal | The pilgrim can sacrifice the animal hisself, and he can delegate another person to sacrifice the animal on his behalf.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 69.</ref> | ||
According to the majority of Shia jurists, in [[ | According to the majority of Shia jurists, in [[hajj al-tamattu']] it is obligatory for a pilgrim to make a sacrifice, regardless of whether he is [[Afaqi|afaqi]] or not;<ref>Hilli, ''TaHrir al-aHkam'', vol. 1, p. 619-620; Hilli, ''Shara'i' al-Islam'', Vol. 1, p. 234.</ref> but a small number of Shia jurists<ref>Sarakhsi, ''Al-Mabsuṭ'', Vol. 1, p. 308.</ref> and Sunni jurists<ref>Mawurdi, ''Al-Hawi al-kabir'', vol. 4, p. 50, Ibn Qudama, ''Al-Mughni'', vol. 3, p. 501-502; Baghdadi, ''Irshad al-salik'', vol. 1, p. 43.</ref> do not consider it obligatory for a pilgrim who is a Meccan to make a sacrifice. | ||
====Halq and Taqsir==== | ====Halq and Taqsir==== | ||
{{main|Halq or taqsir}} | {{main|Halq or taqsir}} | ||
"Halq" means shaving the hair of the head and "taqsir" means cutting some hair and nails.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 71.</ref> The time of this act is from sunrise to sunset on the day of Eid al-Adha and its place is [[Mina]].<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 72.</ref> for women and men who do not have hair on their head, it is obligatory to do taqsir{{enote|According to Hanafi jurisprudence, it is obligatory for men without hair to shave their heads. In the jurisprudence of other Sunni sects, this practice is considered recommended. (Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', Vol. 1, p. 454.)}}. A person who is making pilgrimage for the first time must do halq<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 71-72.</ref> | |||
=== | According to Shia jurists, halq or taqsir should be done on [[Eid al-Adha]] as a obligatory caution or as a recommended caution. However, based on Hanbali, Hanafi and Maliki jurisprudence, it can be delayed from the days of nahr{{enote|According to these three denominations, the days of nahr are Eid al-Adha and two days after that.}}<ref>Shahid al-Thani, Al-Rawda al-bahiyya fi sharH al-lum'at al-Dimashqiyya, vol. 1, p. 539-561; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', Vol. 1, p. 40.</ref> | ||
===Tawaf of hajj and its prayer=== | |||
{{main|tawaf|Prayer of tawaf}} | {{main|tawaf|Prayer of tawaf}} | ||
tawaf is circling seven times around the [[Ka'ba]] in [[Masjid al-Haram]]. It is obligatory to start these seven rounds from the pillar of the Ka'ba where the [[Hajar al-'Aswad]] is located and end there. During tawaf, the Ka'ba should be on the left side.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 33-38.</ref> | tawaf is circling seven times around the [[Ka'ba]] in [[Masjid al-Haram]]. It is obligatory to start these seven rounds from the pillar of the Ka'ba where the [[Hajar al-'Aswad]] is located and end there. During tawaf, the Ka'ba should be on the left side.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 33-38.</ref> | ||
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It is recommended for men to ride on a part of the path marked with a green line and light. Saying these dhikr, 'Allahu 'akbar; La ilaha illa'llah; Alhamdulillah and Subhanallah hundred times; is another mustahab of sa'y.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 41-44.</ref> | It is recommended for men to ride on a part of the path marked with a green line and light. Saying these dhikr, 'Allahu 'akbar; La ilaha illa'llah; Alhamdulillah and Subhanallah hundred times; is another mustahab of sa'y.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 41-44.</ref> | ||
=== | ===Tawaf al-Nisa' and Its Prayer=== | ||
{{main| | {{main|Tawaf al-Nisa}} | ||
[[ | [[Tawaf al-Nisa'|Tawaf al-nisa']] is seven rounds around [[Ka'ba]], which is done with the intention of tawaf al-nisa'. After tawaf of al-nisa', its prayer should be recited behind [[Maqam Ibrahim]] . Tawaf al-nisa and its prayer are like tawaf and tawaf prayer (except for the intention). Therefore, it starts from [[Hajar al-'Aswad]] and ends there.<ref>Wizhianami-yi 'umra-yi mufradih: Wisal-i dust, P.74-78; Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 80.</ref> | ||
Sunni jurists do not consider the tawaf al-nisa' as obligatory and instead consider the [[tawaf al-wada']] as one of the obligatory or recommended rituals.<ref>Shirazi, ''Al-Tanbih'', Vol. l, p. 80; Nawawi, ''Al-Majmu''', vol. 8, p. 265-266.</ref> | |||
=== | ===Baytuta=== | ||
{{main| | {{main|Baytuta}} | ||
Baytuta means "to stay the night in a place". It is obligatory for the hajj pilgrims to stay the 11th and 12th nights of Dhu l-Hijja from sunset to midnight with the [[qurba intention]] in [[Mina]]. Therefore, those who have gone to [[Mecca]] should return to Mina before sunset. According to the [[fatwa]] of some Shiite jurists, hajj pilgrims can spend the first or second half of the night in Mina.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 74-75.</ref> Of course, according to Hanafi jurisprudence, it is [[Mustahabb]] and leaving it is [[Makruh]].<ref>Murwarid, ''Al-Masadir al-fiqhiyya'', vol. 10, p. 278.</ref> | |||
The boundaries of Mina are marked with blue signs, on the outer part of which is written | The boundaries of Mina are marked with blue signs, on the outer part of which is written "Bidaya Mina" (the beginning of Mina) and on the inner part it is written "Nahaye Mina" (the end of Mina).<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 75.</ref> | ||
According to Shia jurisprudence,<ref>Mughniya, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-khamsa'', vol. 1, p. 406; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 10, p. 534-535; | According to Shia jurisprudence,<ref>Mughniya, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-khamsa'', vol. 1, p. 406; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 10, p. 534-535; Tusi, ''Al-Khilaf'', vol. 1, p. 461-462; Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 358-359.</ref> those who stay the whole night in [[mecca]] worshiping God until morning and do no other work except for the necessary work, it is not obligatory for them to do Baytuta.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 75.</ref> | ||
According to Islamic denominatons, those who have an excuse, can leave | According to Islamic denominatons, those who have an excuse, can leave Baytuta in Mina.<ref>Pishih fard, ''Daramadi bar fiqh-i Muqarin'', p. 419.</ref> For example, patients, their nurses and those who find it difficult to stay in Mina can leave Baytuta.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 75.</ref> | ||
===Ramy al-Jamrat=== | ===Ramy al-Jamrat=== | ||
{{main|Ramy}} | {{main|Ramy}} | ||
Ramy al-Jamrat is throwing stones at the jamarat is another obligatory rites of [[Hajj]].<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 76.</ref> At the end of Mina, there are three stones, the first one is called | Ramy al-Jamrat is throwing stones at the jamarat is another obligatory rites of [[Hajj]].<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 76.</ref> At the end of Mina, there are three stones, the first one is called "[[Jamara al-'ula]]", the second one is "[[Jamara al-Wusṭa]]" and the third one is "[[Jamara al-Kubra]] or [['Aqaba]]".<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 66-67.</ref> | ||
Some of the rules and obligations of Ramy are as follows: | Some of the rules and obligations of Ramy are as follows: | ||
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According to the Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali schools of thought, it is obligatory to follow the order of the three Jamrats. The Hanafi denominaton has considered observing order as Mustahabb.<ref>Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 362; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 1, p. 533-534; Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-arba'a'', vol. 1, p. 599-603</ref> | According to the Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali schools of thought, it is obligatory to follow the order of the three Jamrats. The Hanafi denominaton has considered observing order as Mustahabb.<ref>Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 362; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 1, p. 533-534; Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-arba'a'', vol. 1, p. 599-603</ref> | ||
It is recommended to be [[Tahir]] while throwing stones and say [[Takbir]] with every stone has throwed. It is recommended to throw al-' | It is recommended to be [[Tahir]] while throwing stones and say [[Takbir]] with every stone has throwed. It is recommended to throw al-'ula and al-Wusṭa jamrah facing the [[Qibla]] and throwing jamarah al-'Aqaba back to the Qibla.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 78.</ref> | ||
Hajj Pilgrims can leave [[Mina]] on the twelfth day of Dhu l-Hijja, after noon; However, if someone does not leave Mina on that day until the sun sets, he should stay the 13th night there as well, and throw Jamrats on the 13th day as well.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 78.</ref> | Hajj Pilgrims can leave [[Mina]] on the twelfth day of Dhu l-Hijja, after noon; However, if someone does not leave Mina on that day until the sun sets, he should stay the 13th night there as well, and throw Jamrats on the 13th day as well.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 78.</ref> | ||
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*Baghdadi, 'Abd al-RaHman b. MuHammad al-. ''Irshad al-salik 'ila 'ashraf al-Masalik''. cairo: Maktaba wa Maṭba'a Musṭafa al-Babi al-Halabi wa Shuraka, [n.d]. | *Baghdadi, 'Abd al-RaHman b. MuHammad al-. ''Irshad al-salik 'ila 'ashraf al-Masalik''. cairo: Maktaba wa Maṭba'a Musṭafa al-Babi al-Halabi wa Shuraka, [n.d]. | ||
*Fallahzada, MuHammad Husayn. ''Darsnama-yi manasik Hajj''. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1389 sh. | *Fallahzada, MuHammad Husayn. ''Darsnama-yi manasik Hajj''. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1389 sh. | ||
*Fayd al-Kashani, MuHsin. ''Al-MaHjat al-bayda' fi tahdhib al-'aHya'''. Beirut: Mu'assisat al-A'lami li-l- | *Fayd al-Kashani, MuHsin. ''Al-MaHjat al-bayda' fi tahdhib al-'aHya'''. Beirut: Mu'assisat al-A'lami li-l-Maṭbu'at, 1403 AH. | ||
*Fikri, Mas' | *Fikri, Mas'ud; 'Ala'i, AHmad. ''Farhang-i IsṭilaHat-i Hajj wa 'Umra''. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1393 sh. | ||
*Hilli, al-Hasan b. | *Hilli, al-Hasan b. Yusuf al-. ''TaHrir al-aHkam al-shar'iyya 'ala madhhab al-imamiyya''. Edited by Ibrahim Bahaduri. Qom: Mu'assisat Imam al-sadiq, 1420 AH. | ||
*Hilli, al-Hasan b. | *Hilli, al-Hasan b. Yusuf al-. ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha'''. Qom: Mu'assisat al al-Bayt, 1414 AH. | ||
*Hilli, Ja'far b. al-Hasan al-. ''Shara'i' al-Islam fi masa'il al-Halal wa l-Haram''. Edited by MuHammad 'Ali Baqqal. Second edition. Qom: Mu'assisa-yi Isma'iliyan, 1408 AH. | *Hilli, Ja'far b. al-Hasan al-. ''Shara'i' al-Islam fi masa'il al-Halal wa l-Haram''. Edited by MuHammad 'Ali Baqqal. Second edition. Qom: Mu'assisa-yi Isma'iliyan, 1408 AH. | ||
*Ibn Qudama, 'Abd Allah. ''Al-Mughni''. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-'Arabi, [n.d]. | *Ibn Qudama, 'Abd Allah. ''Al-Mughni''. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-'Arabi, [n.d]. | ||
*Ibn Qudama, 'Abd Allah b. AHmad. ''Al-Kafi fi fiqh ibn Hanbal (al-fiqh al- Hanbali), al-Masadir al-fiqhiyya''. Beirut: [n.p], first edition, 1422 AH. | *Ibn Qudama, 'Abd Allah b. AHmad. ''Al-Kafi fi fiqh ibn Hanbal (al-fiqh al- Hanbali), al-Masadir al-fiqhiyya''. Beirut: [n.p], first edition, 1422 AH. | ||
*Jaziri, 'Abd al-RaHman. ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-arba'a''. Istanbul: 1404 AH-1984. | *Jaziri, 'Abd al-RaHman. ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-arba'a''. Istanbul: 1404 AH-1984. | ||
*Kashani, 'Ala al-Din b. Mas' | *Kashani, 'Ala al-Din b. Mas'ud al-. ''Bada'i' al-sana'i' (Al-Fiqh al-Hanbali)''. Beirut: al-Masadir al-fiqhiyya, 1422 AH. | ||
*Khomeini, Sayyid | *Khomeini, Sayyid RuH Allah. ''Manask-i Hajj ba Hawash-i maraji'''. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1385 sh. | ||
*Marghinani, 'Ali b. 'Abi Bakr al-. ''Al-Hidaya (al-fiqh al- Hanafi)''. Beirut: [n.p], first edition, 1422 AH. | *Marghinani, 'Ali b. 'Abi Bakr al-. ''Al-Hidaya (al-fiqh al- Hanafi)''. Beirut: [n.p], first edition, 1422 AH. | ||
* | *Mawurdi, 'Ali b. MuHammad. ''Al-Hawi al-kabir fi fiqh al-madhhab al-imam al-shafi'i'' . Beirut: Dar al-kutub al- 'ilmiyya, 1414 | ||
*''MisbaH al-shari'a wa miftaH al-Haqiqa''. Attributed to Imam Sadiq (a), Tehran: Anjuman-i Islami-yi Hikmat wa falsafa-yi Iran, 1360 sh. | *''MisbaH al-shari'a wa miftaH al-Haqiqa''. Attributed to Imam Sadiq (a), Tehran: Anjuman-i Islami-yi Hikmat wa falsafa-yi Iran, 1360 sh. | ||
*Misri al-Muzanii, Isma'il b. YaHya. ''Mukhtasar al-Muzanii (al-fiqh al- shafi'i)''. Beirut: [n.p], first edition, 1422 AH. | *Misri al-Muzanii, Isma'il b. YaHya. ''Mukhtasar al-Muzanii (al-fiqh al- shafi'i)''. Beirut: [n.p], first edition, 1422 AH. | ||
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*Murwarid, 'Ali Asghar .''Al-Masadir al-fiqhiyya''. Beirut: Dar al-Turath, 1419AH. | *Murwarid, 'Ali Asghar .''Al-Masadir al-fiqhiyya''. Beirut: Dar al-Turath, 1419AH. | ||
*Najafi, MuHammad Hasan al-. ''Jawahir al-kalam fi sharH shara'i' al-Islam''. Qom: Mu'assisat Da'irat al-Ma'arif al-Fiqh al-Islami, 1421 AH. | *Najafi, MuHammad Hasan al-. ''Jawahir al-kalam fi sharH shara'i' al-Islam''. Qom: Mu'assisat Da'irat al-Ma'arif al-Fiqh al-Islami, 1421 AH. | ||
*Namiri al-qurṭubi, | *Namiri al-qurṭubi, Yusuf b. 'Abd Allah al- .''Al-Kafi fi fiqh ahl al-madina(al-fiqh al- maliki)''. Beirut: [n.p], first edition, 1422 AH. | ||
*Nawawi, YaHya b. Sharaf. ''Al- | *Nawawi, YaHya b. Sharaf. ''Al-Majmu'; sharH al-muhadhdhab''. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, [n.d]. | ||
*Pishih fard, Musṭafa Ja'far .''Daramadi bar fiqh-i Muqarin''. Tehran: Bi'tha Maqam Mu'aẓẓam Rahbari, Deputy of Clergy Affairs, 1388 sh. | *Pishih fard, Musṭafa Ja'far .''Daramadi bar fiqh-i Muqarin''. Tehran: Bi'tha Maqam Mu'aẓẓam Rahbari, Deputy of Clergy Affairs, 1388 sh. | ||
*Qadi'skar, 'Ali. ''Hajj dar andishi-yi islami''. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1384 sh. | *Qadi'skar, 'Ali. ''Hajj dar andishi-yi islami''. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1384 sh. | ||
* | *saduq, MuHammad b. 'Ali al-. ''Man la yaHduruh al-faqih''. Edited by 'Ali Akbar Ghaffari. Qom: Daftar-i Intisharat-i Islami, 1413 AH. | ||
*Sarakhsi, MuHammad b. AHmad b. Sahl al-. ''Al- | *Sarakhsi, MuHammad b. AHmad b. Sahl al-. ''Al-Mabsuṭ''. Beirut: Dar al-Ma'rifa, 1414 AH. | ||
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