Pourghorbani

'''Mawlid al-Nabī''' (The birthplace of the Prophet <small>(PBUH)</small> is the house of [[Abdullah b. Abdul Muṭṭalib]], where the [[prophet Muhammad]] (PBUH) was born; This place was located in the city of [[Mecca]] in the neighborhood of [[Shiʿb Abi Ṭālib]]. In the second century of Hijra, [[Khaizran]], the mother of [[Hārūn al-Rashīd]], bought that place and turned it into a mosque.

The birthplace of the Prophet's Mosque was considered one of the blessed places in Mecca, and every year on the night of the birth of the Prophet <small>(PBUH)</small>, the people of Mecca attended there. Reports from the 10th century have said  the existence of a special and official ritual that was held on the 12th night of Rabīʿ al-awwal  with the presence of the representative of the Ottoman government in [[Mecca]] (the supervisor of Masjid al-Haram).

Due to the importance and fame of Mawlid al-Nabīī, this building has been rebuilt many times by order of sultans and nobles, but it was destroyed during the The [[House of Saud]] government like many blessed places and buildings in Mecca (in 1343 AH/ 1303 sh). In the year 1370 AH/1329 sh. In order to keep the memory of this place alive, a library was built in it, which is still there, and it is called “Makkah Al-Mukarrma Library”.

The house where prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was born, which was located at the location of Shiʿb Abi Ṭālib  in a neighborhood called Sawq Al-Layl, has been called “Mawlid al-Nabīī (pbuh)” or the birthplace of the Prophet. In some historical sources, other places have been mentioned as the possible place of the Prophet’s birth, which is not approved by most historians of Mecca.<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām'', vol. 1, p. 270.</ref>

According to Azraqī in his book Akhbār Makka , who lived in the third century, Mawlid of the Prophet, i.e. the house where the Prophet was born, fell into the hands of ʿAqīl, son of Abū Ṭālib, after his emigration, and was passed on to ʿAqīl’s children until it was handed over to Muhammad bin Yūsuf. Thaqafī was sold and he added it to his house, which was known as the White House. When Khaizrān, the mother of Harūn al-Rashīd, performed Hajj in 171 A.H., she bought it and built a mosque in it where they pray. Azraqī states that the people of Mecca have not discord about the birthplace of the Prophet.<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 2, p. 198.</ref> The same report was also given by Fākihī (245 AH), another old historian of the history of Mecca.<ref>Fākihī, ''Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih'', vol. 4, p. 5.</ref>

According to Ibn Jubayr, the Prophet’s birthplace in this mosque is built in the form of a pond with a width of three wajabs(0.675m), in the middle of which is a green marble with a width of two-thirds of a wajab(about 0.225m), which is said to be surrounded by silver. The Miḥrāb of the mosque is located in front of this place.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, 'Safarnāma Ibn Jubayr'', p. 126-127.</ref>

More than two centuries later, the Mecca historian Taqī al-Dīn Fāsī (832 AH) gave a description of this place, which was respected and cherished by the people of Mecca, in the book Shifāʾ al-gharām. The building of the mosque is depicted as a square shape with two arcuate arches, which has a large angle in its southwest corner.<ref>Fāsī, Shifāʾ al-gharām, vol. 1, p. 268.</ref>

Two and a half centuries later, in 1081, Turkish travel writer ʾulīāʾ, Chalbī saw Mawlid al-Nabī and described it in his book. He has described this building as a large and beautiful mosque, which was a square building with a high dome covered with lead. Chalbī mentioned the decorations inside the mosque, including the precious carpet and the pulpit covered with silk cloth and gold. According to him, the Prophet’s birth place was a stone in a yellow hole on which the place of his body was imprinted.<ref>Chalbī,''Al-Raḥla al-ḥijāzīyya'', pp. 255-256</ref>

Mulla Ibrahīm Kazirūnī, who had the opportunity to visit this house in 1315, writes: “On Friday, the 14th, we went to visit the Prophet (PBUH) at a place known as the birthplace of the Prophet (PBUH), and that place is located in Souq. Elleil We went inside and went down approximately fourteen steps. We entered a room named after the mosque. After that, we went to another room. There is a shrine in this room. The servant opened the door of the shrine. There is a pit inside this shrine. In the middle of it was a green stone, which was the birth place of Hazrat Khatami Marbat.” <ref>''Safarnām-iy Mulla Ibrahīm Kazirūnī'', p. 366.</ref>

Mohammad Labīb Batanūnī who in 1909/1327 AH. He traveled to Makkah in his travelogue and drew the above plan from the plan of the Prophet’s building and described it as follows: “When you enter it, you first enter a 12-meter-long and 6-meter-wide playground, which is on the right wall. There is a door, after passing through it you will enter a space on which a dome is placed, in the middle of this space and under the dome leaning against the western wall, there is a wooden compartment inside which is a concave marble stone with a little It has sunk in. It can be seen. This place shows the birthplace of the prophet” <ref>Batanūnī , ''Safarnām-iy  ḥijāz'', p. 146.</ref>

* Year 576 AH, By Nāsser, ʿAbbāsid Caliph;

* In 1230, Muḥammad ʿAlī Pāshā of Egypt ordered king Muḥammad Khān.

Muḥammad b. Aḥmad Nahrawālī (d. 990AH) gave a detailed report about the ritual of the Prophet’s birthday in the 10th century. According to him, every year on the twelfth night of Rabiʿ al-Awwal, after Maghrib prayer, the jurists, nobles, grandees and people, while carrying many candles and torches, gather before the supervisor of Masjid al-Ḥarām and the judges of the Sunni’s four denominations, and from Masjid al-Ḥarām to Sawq Al-layl and Mawlid al-Nabī place and enter it and gather near the birthplace of the Prophet (PBUH). A sermon is read there, and after that, people come to Masjid al-Haram, and some officials of [[Masjid al-Ḥarām]] are given robes, and the ʿIshā prayer is held, and the ceremony ends.<ref>Nahrawālī, ''Al-Aʿlām bi aʿlām bayt Allāh al-harām'', p. 422.</ref>

More than a century later, a travel writer who went on Hajj in 1105-1106 narrated the same report of Nahrawālī and described this event as a big gathering in which many primitives and residents of other cities (except Mecca) participated<ref>Al-nāblusī ‘’Al-Ḥaqīqa wa al-Majāzl. 3, pp. 354-355.</ref>

In the House of Saud government, the building of Mawlid al-Nabī, like many old buildings in Mecca, was destroyed in the year 1343 AH under the pretext that people were looking for blessings on it<ref>Bilādī, ''ʿĀtiq Maʿālim Makka al-tarikhiyya wa al-atharīyya'',  p. 294.</ref>