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'''Mawlid al-Nabīī''' (The birthplace of the Prophet (pbuh)) is the house of Abdullah bin Abdul Muṭṭalib, where the prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was born; This place was located in the city of Makkah in the neighborhood of Shib Abi Ṭālib. In the second century of Hijra, Khaizran, the mother of Harūn al-Rashīd, bought that place and turned it into a mosque.
'''Mawlid al-Nabī''' (The birthplace of the Prophet <small>(PBUH)</small> is the house of [[Abdullah b. Abdul Muṭṭalib]], where the [[prophet Muhammad]] (PBUH) was born; This place was located in the city of [[Mecca]] in the neighborhood of [[Shiʿb Abi Ṭālib]]. In the second century of Hijra, [[Khaizran]], the mother of [[Hārūn al-Rashīd]], bought that place and turned it into a mosque.
Reports from the 6th century onwards indicate that an ornate marble monument for marking the birthplace of the Prophet (PBUH) was built in a part of the mosque. In the reconstruction it on 1009 AD, a large dome and minaret were built for this mosque.
Reports from the 6th century onwards indicate that an ornate marble monument for marking the birthplace of the Prophet (PBUH) was built in a part of the mosque. In the reconstruction it on 1009 AH, a large dome and minaret were built for this mosque.


The birthplace of the Prophet's Mosque was considered one of the blessed places in Mecca, and every year on the night of the birth of the Prophet (PBUH), the people of Mecca attended there. Reports from the 10th century have said  the existence of a special and official ritual that was held on the 12th night of Rabīʿ al-awwal  with the presence of the representative of the Ottoman government in Mecca (the supervisor of Masjid al-Haram).
The birthplace of the Prophet's Mosque was considered one of the blessed places in Mecca, and every year on the night of the birth of the Prophet <small>(PBUH)</small>, the people of Mecca attended there. Reports from the 10th century have said  the existence of a special and official ritual that was held on the 12th night of Rabīʿ al-awwal  with the presence of the representative of the Ottoman government in [[Mecca]] (the supervisor of Masjid al-Haram).
Due to the importance and fame of Mawlid al-Nabīī, this building has been rebuilt many times by order of sultans and nobles, but it was destroyed during the The House of Saud government like many blessed places and buildings in Mecca (in 1343 AH/ 1303 sh). In the year 1370 AH/1329 sh. In order to keep the memory of this place alive, a library was built in it, which is still there, and it is called “Makkah Al-Mukarrma Library”.
Due to the importance and fame of Mawlid al-Nabīī, this building has been rebuilt many times by order of sultans and nobles, but it was destroyed during the The [[House of Saud]] government like many blessed places and buildings in Mecca (in 1343 AH/ 1303 sh). In the year 1370 AH/1329 sh. In order to keep the memory of this place alive, a library was built in it, which is still there, and it is called “Makkah Al-Mukarrma Library”.
==History==
==History==
The house where prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was born, which was located at the location of Shiʿb Abi Ṭālib  in a neighborhood called Sawq Al-Layl, has been called “Mawlid al-Nabīī (pbuh)” or the birthplace of the Prophet. In some historical sources, other places have been mentioned as the possible place of the Prophet’s birth, which is not approved by most historians of Mecca.<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām'', vol. 1, p. 270.</ref>
The house where prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was born, which was located at the location of Shiʿb Abi Ṭālib  in a neighborhood called Sawq Al-Layl, has been called “Mawlid al-Nabīī (pbuh)” or the birthplace of the Prophet. In some historical sources, other places have been mentioned as the possible place of the Prophet’s birth, which is not approved by most historians of Mecca.<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām'', vol. 1, p. 270.</ref>
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More than two centuries later, the Mecca historian Taqī al-Dīn Fāsī (832 AH) gave a description of this place, which was respected and cherished by the people of Mecca, in the book Shifāʾ al-gharām. The building of the mosque is depicted as a square shape with two arcuate arches, which has a large angle in its southwest corner.<ref>Fāsī, Shifāʾ al-gharām, vol. 1, p. 268.</ref>
More than two centuries later, the Mecca historian Taqī al-Dīn Fāsī (832 AH) gave a description of this place, which was respected and cherished by the people of Mecca, in the book Shifāʾ al-gharām. The building of the mosque is depicted as a square shape with two arcuate arches, which has a large angle in its southwest corner.<ref>Fāsī, Shifāʾ al-gharām, vol. 1, p. 268.</ref>


===The report of the parents of Chalabī (11th century)===
===The report of the ʾulīāʾ, Chalbī (11th century)===


Two and a half centuries later, in 1081, Turkish travel writer Olya Chalabi saw Mauld al-Nabi and described it in his book. He has described this building as a large and beautiful mosque, which was a square building with a high dome covered with lead. Chalabi mentioned the decorations inside the mosque, including the precious carpet and the pulpit covered with silk cloth and gold. According to him, the Prophet’s birth place was a stone in a yellow hole on which the place of his body was imprinted.[8Al-Rahlah al-Hijaziyya, Olya Chalabi, pp. 255-256]
Two and a half centuries later, in 1081, Turkish travel writer ʾulīāʾ, Chalbī saw Mawlid al-Nabī and described it in his book. He has described this building as a large and beautiful mosque, which was a square building with a high dome covered with lead. Chalbī mentioned the decorations inside the mosque, including the precious carpet and the pulpit covered with silk cloth and gold. According to him, the Prophet’s birth place was a stone in a yellow hole on which the place of his body was imprinted.<ref>Chalbī,''Al-Raḥla al-ḥijāzīyya'', pp. 255-256</ref>
The last descriptions of Mould al-Nabi building before its destruction


Mullah Ebrahim Kazrooni, who had the opportunity to visit this house in 1315, writes: “On Friday, the 14th, we went to visit the Prophet (PBUH) at a place known as the birthplace of the Prophet (PBUH), and that place is located in Souq. Elleil We went inside and went down approximately fourteen steps. We entered a room named after the mosque. After that, we went to another room. There is a shrine in this room. The servant opened the door of the shrine. There is a pit inside this shrine. In the middle of it was a green stone, which was the birth place of Hazrat Khatami Marbat.” [9Mullah Ebrahim Kazrooni’s travel book, Iran’s Islamic heritage, fifth book, p. 366.]
===The last descriptions of Mould al-Nabi building before its destruction===
Mohammad Labib Betonuni who in 1909/1327 AH. He traveled to Makkah in his travelogue and drew the above plan from the plan of the Prophet’s building and described it as follows: “When you enter it, you first enter a 12-meter-long and 6-meter-wide playground, which is on the right wall. There is a door, after passing through it you will enter a space on which a dome is placed, in the middle of this space and under the dome leaning against the western wall, there is a wooden compartment inside which is a concave marble stone with a little It has sunk in. It can be seen. This place shows the birthplace of the prophet” [10Hijaz travel book, translated by Rahleh al-Hjazia Mohammad Libi Batnuni, p. 146]
Renovations
The building of Mould al-Nabi was the attention of princes and sultans and was renovated many times. The list of these renovations is as follows:


Year 576 Nasser Khalifa Abbasi
Mulla Ibrahīm Kazirūnī, who had the opportunity to visit this house in 1315, writes: “On Friday, the 14th, we went to visit the Prophet (PBUH) at a place known as the birthplace of the Prophet (PBUH), and that place is located in Souq. Elleil We went inside and went down approximately fourteen steps. We entered a room named after the mosque. After that, we went to another room. There is a shrine in this room. The servant opened the door of the shrine. There is a pit inside this shrine. In the middle of it was a green stone, which was the birth place of Hazrat Khatami Marbat.” <ref>''Safarnām-iy Mulla Ibrahīm Kazirūnī'', p. 366.</ref>
Year 666, Malik Muzaffar, the ruler of Yemen
Year 740, Malik Mujahid, the ruler of Yemen
Year 758, Amir Sheikhun, one of the elders of Egypt
Year 766, Malik Sha’ban, Sultan of Egypt
Year 801, Malik Zahir Barquq, Sultan of Egypt[11Shafa Al-Gharam, Vol. 1, p. 270]
In the Ottoman era


In 935 Sultan Suleiman Osmani
Mohammad Labīb Batanūnī who in 1909/1327 AH. He traveled to Makkah in his travelogue and drew the above plan from the plan of the Prophet’s building and described it as follows: “When you enter it, you first enter a 12-meter-long and 6-meter-wide playground, which is on the right wall. There is a door, after passing through it you will enter a space on which a dome is placed, in the middle of this space and under the dome leaning against the western wall, there is a wooden compartment inside which is a concave marble stone with a little It has sunk in. It can be seen. This place shows the birthplace of the prophet” <ref>Batanūnī , ''Safarnām-iy  ḥijāz'', p. 146.</ref>
In 1009, by the order of Sultan Mohammad Osmani under the supervision of Ghazanfar Agha. [12Manaeh al-Karam, vol. 3, p. 506.] In this reconstruction, a large dome and a minaret were built for this building, and endowments were determined by the Ottoman government for it, and a muezzin, servant, and imam were determined for the mosque. 13History of Makkah, The History of Fazla-e-Zalam, Volume 2, p. 15]
In 1230, Muhammad Ali Pasha of Egypt ordered Sultan Mahmud Khan.
The last repair is said to have been in the time of Abdul Majid Khan.[14Afada al-Anam, vol. 2, p. 71. Quoted from the Islamic works of Mecca and Medina, p. 185]
Prophet’s (PBUH) birthday celebration in Mould al-Nabi Mosque


In the 6th century, Ibn Jubeir reported the presence of the people of Mecca in the Prophet’s Mosque on Monday in the month of Rabi al-Awwal on the occasion of the celebration of the Prophet’s birthday. [5] There are reports of the celebration of the birth of the Prophet in this place in the following centuries.
==Renovations==


Muhammad bin Ahmad Nahrwali (A.D. 990) gave a detailed report about the ritual of the Prophet’s birthday in the 10th century. According to him, every year on the twelfth night of Rabi al-Awwal, after Maghrib prayer, the jurists, nobles, elders and people, while carrying many candles and torches, gather before the supervisor of Masjid al-Haram and the judges of the four religions, and from Masjid al-Haram to Souq Al-Il and Makan They go to Mould al-Nabi and enter it and gather near the birthplace of the Prophet (PBUH). A sermon is read there, and after that, people come to Masjid al-Haram, and some officials of Masjid al-Haram are given robes, and the Isha prayer is held, and the ceremony ends.[15Kitab Al-Alam Ba-Alam Baitullah Al-Haram, p. 422]
The building of Mawlid al-Nabī was the attention of princes and kings and was renovated many times. The list of these renovations is as follows:
More than a century later, a travel writer who went on Hajj in 1105-1106 narrated the same report of Nahrwali and described this event as a big gathering in which many Bedouins and residents of other cities (except Mecca) participated. 16]Al-Haqiqah and Al-Majaz, Vol. 3, pp. 354-355
Demolition of the building and construction of the library


In the Al Saud government, the building of Mauld al-Nabi, like many old buildings in Mecca, was destroyed in the year 1343 AH under the pretext that people were looking for blessings on it [17Al-Tarihiyyah and Al-Athriyyah teachers of Makkah, p. 294].
* Year 576 AH, By Nāsser, ʿAbbāsid Caliph;
* Year 666 AH, King Muzaffar, the ruler of Yemen;
* Year 740 AH, King Mujāhid, the ruler of Yemen;
* Year 758 AH, Amīr Sheikhun, one of the grandees of Egypt;
* Year 766 AH, King Shaʿbān, King of Egypt;
* Year 801 AH, King Ẓāhir Barquq, King of Egypt;<ref>Fāsī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām'', vol. 1, p. 270.</ref>
 
===In the Ottoman era===
 
* In 935 AH, King Sulaymān ʿthmānī;
* In 1009 AH, by the order of King Muḥammad ʿthmānī under the supervision of Ghaḍanfar Āghā <ref>sanjārī, ''Manāʾiḥ al-karam'', vol. 3, p. 506.</ref> In this reconstruction, a large dome and a minaret were built for this building, and endowments were determined by the Ottoman government for it, and a muezzin, servant, and Imam were determined for the mosque.<ref>Ṭabarī ,''Tārikh-i makka, ittiḥāf fuḍalāʾal-zaman  bitārīkh wālīh banī al-ḥasan'', Vol 2, p. 15.</ref>
* In 1230, Muḥammad ʿAlī Pāshā of Egypt ordered king Muḥammad Khān.
* The last repair is said to have been in the time of ʿAbd al-Majīd Khān.<ref>Ghāzī, ''Ifāda al-anām bi akhbār al-balad Allah al-ḥarām'',vol. 2, p. 71.</ref>
 
==Prophet’s(PBUH) birthday celebration in Mawlid al-Nabī Mosque==
 
In the 6th century, Ibn Jubayr reported the presence of the people of Mecca in the Prophet’s Mosque on Monday in the month of Rabi al-Awwal on the occasion of the celebration of the Prophet’s birthday.<ref>Jubayr, Safarnāma Ibn Jubayr, p. 154.</ref> There are reports of the celebration of the birth of the Prophet in this place in the later centuries.
 
Muḥammad b. Aḥmad Nahrawālī (d. 990AH) gave a detailed report about the ritual of the Prophet’s birthday in the 10th century. According to him, every year on the twelfth night of Rabiʿ al-Awwal, after Maghrib prayer, the jurists, nobles, grandees and people, while carrying many candles and torches, gather before the supervisor of Masjid al-Ḥarām and the judges of the Sunni’s four denominations, and from Masjid al-Ḥarām to Sawq Al-layl and Mawlid al-Nabī place and enter it and gather near the birthplace of the Prophet (PBUH). A sermon is read there, and after that, people come to Masjid al-Haram, and some officials of [[Masjid al-Ḥarām]] are given robes, and the ʿIshā prayer is held, and the ceremony ends.<ref>Nahrawālī, ''Al-Aʿlām bi aʿlām bayt Allāh al-harām'', p. 422.</ref>
More than a century later, a travel writer who went on Hajj in 1105-1106 narrated the same report of Nahrawālī and described this event as a big gathering in which many primitives and residents of other cities (except Mecca)  participated<ref>Al-nāblusī ‘’Al-Ḥaqīqa wa al-Majāzl. 3, pp. 354-355.</ref>
 
==Destruction of the building and construction of the library==
 
In the House of Saud government, the building of Mawlid al-Nabī, like many old buildings in Mecca, was destroyed in the year 1343 AH under the pretext that people were looking for blessings on it<ref>Bilādī, ''ʿĀtiq Maʿālim Makka al-tarikhiyya wa al-atharīyya'', p. 294.</ref>


Later, due to the fact that there was no grave to be visited in this place, some people tried to get permission to rebuild it. In 1370, permission was issued to build a library in this place.
Later, due to the fact that there was no grave to be visited in this place, some people tried to get permission to rebuild it. In 1370, permission was issued to build a library in this place.


The capital of the construction of the building was paid by Fatemeh, daughter of Yusuf Qattan, and her brother Sheikh Abbas Qattan (1370 AD) supervised the construction of the building, and after his death, his sons finished the construction of the building. In this way, “Makkah Al Mukarma School” was built in this place. [18Al-Tarikh Al-Quwaym, pp. 171-173; School of Makkah al-Mukarma Qidama and Haditha, p. 80]
The capital of the construction of the building was paid by Fatemeh, daughter of Yūsuf Qattān, and her brother Sheikh ʿAbbas Qattān (d. 1370 AH) supervised the construction of the building, and after his death, his sons finished the construction of the building. In this way, ''Makkah Al-Mukarrma School'' was built in this place.<ref>Abū Sulaymān,''Maktabat makkah al- Makka al-mukarrama qadīman wa ḥadīthan'', p. 80.</ref>
 
==Notes==
{{Notes}}
==references==
{{References}}
*ʿAbd al-Ghanī al-nāblusī.''Al-Ḥaqīqa wa al-Majāz fī raḥla al-bilād al-shām wa misr wa al-ḥijāz''. Damascus: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1419 AH.
*ʿAbd al-Wahhāb Ibrāhīm Abū Sulaymān.''Maktabat makkah al- Makka al-mukarrama qadīman wa ḥadīthan.'' Riyadh: Maktaba al-malik fahad al-Waṭanīyyah, 1433 AH.
*ʿAlī b. Tāj al-ddīn al-sanjārī.''Manāʾiḥ al-karam''. Mecca: umm al-qurā university, 1998.
*Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-.''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār''. Edited by Rushdī *Batanūnī, Muḥammad Labīb.''Al-Raḥla al-ḥijaziyya''. Cairo: Al-Thiqāfat al-Dīniyya, [n.d
*Bilādī, ʿĀtiq.''Maʿālim Makka al-tarikhiyya wa al-atharīyya''. Mecca: 1400 AH
*Fāsī al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad.''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām''. Edited by ʿUmar ʿAbd al-Salām al-Tadmurī. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1405 AH.
*Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl.''Āthār-i islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1382 Sh
*Jaʿfarīyān, Rasūl.''Mīrāth-i islamī-yi Iran''. Qom: Nashr-i Kitābkhāna-yi Marʿashī Najafī, 1377 Sh.
*Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad.''Safarnāma-iy Ibn Jubayr''. Translated by Parwīz Atābakī. Mashhad: Intishārāt-i Āstān-i Quds-i Raḍawī, 1370 Sh.
*Nahrawānī al-Makkī, Quṭb al-Dīn.''Al-Aʿlām bi aʿlām bayt Allāh al-harām''. Beirut: Dār al-Rāʾiq al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, [n.d].
* Makkī,ʿAbd Allāh Ghāzī al-.''Ifāda al-anām bi akhbār al-balad Allah al-ḥarām''.
*Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-.''Tārikh-i makka, ittiḥāf fuḍalāʾal-zaman bitārīkh wālīh banī al-ḥasan''. Cairo:  Dār al-Kitāb al-Jāmiʿī, 1413 AH. 
*ʾulīāʾ, Chalbī.''Al-Raḥla al-ḥijāzīyya''. [n.p], Dār al-Āfāq al-ʿArabīyya, 1420 AH.  


==ref==
{{end}}
{{Ref}}
*Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār''. Edited by Rushdī Ṣāliḥ Mulḥis. Beirut: 1403 AH.
*
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