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Rukn al-Hajar al-Aswad

Rukn al-Hajar al-Aswad is the southeast corner of the Ka'ba building. The structure of the Ka'ba is quadrangular, and each corner is called a rukn, and the sum of the four pillars is referred to as the pillars of the Ka'ba. Hajar al-Aswad pillar, which is located in the southeast of the Ka'ba, is the starting point of the tawaf, and at a height of one and a half meters, the Black Stone (Hajar al-Aswad) is situated there. Therefore, it is known as Rukn Hajar al-Aswad or Rukn al-Aswad.

Location

Rukn al-Hajar al-Aswad is located in the southeast of the Ka'ba and is the starting point of the tawaf.[1] At a height of one and a half meters, the Black Stone (Hajar al-Aswad) is located.[2] Rukn al-Hajar al-Aswad is more famous than the other pillars of the Ka'ba. This pillar is the closest to the entrance door of the Ka'ba and is located opposite the Zamzam well. Facing the Hajar al-Aswad pillar is the well-known Mount Abu Qubays.[3] "The distance from Rukn al-Hajar al-Aswad to rukn al-Iraqi is 11.68 meters, and to rukn Yamani is more than 10 meters.[4] Hajar al-Aswad pillar is in the direction of the qibla for the southern regions of Hijaz and the countries of Australia, India, and China, which are aligned with this pillar.[5]

Other Names

Some refer to the Rukn al-Hajar al-Aswad as the Eastern pillar (Rukn al-Sharqi).[6] At times, both Rukn al-Hajar al-Aswad and rukn al-Yamani are referred to as rukn Yamani due to their location in the direction of Yemeni territory.[7] The term 'Rukn' alone is frequently used to refer to Rukn al-Hajar al-Aswad, and in many contexts, 'Rukn' (pillar) essentially means the Black Stone.[8]

Istilām

Istilām"(Ar: استلام) refers to touching and laying hands on something. The Prophet Muhammad (s) paid special attention to both Rukn al-Hajar al-Aswad and rukn al-Yamani, advising his companions to respect them and perform their specific rituals and acts. He considered touching them (Istilam) a means for the forgiveness of sins.[9] "In some Sunni sources, the practice of touching Rukn al-Hajar al-Aswad is considered recommended (mustahabb).[10] "Additionally, a number of Shia jurists, based on narrations, have considered touching Rukn al-Hajar al-Aswad and the other pillars to be recommended.[11]

Prayers of the Prophet

According to sources, the Prophet (s) would whisper or recommend certain prayers between Rukn Hajar al-Aswad and Rukn Yamani, such as: " الّلهم ربّنا آتنا فی الدنیا حسنة و فی الآخرة حسنة و قنا عذاب النار و یا الّلهم إنّی أعوذ بک من الکفر و الفقر O Allah, our Lord, give us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and save us from the punishment of the Fire" and "O Allah, I seek refuge in You from disbelief and poverty.[12] "Also, numerous prayers and invocations from the Prophet (s) and his companions have been mentioned during the performance of the Rukn (pillar), such as:

  • بسم الله و الله اکبر In the name of Allah, and Allah is the greatest.[13]
  • بسم اللّه و اللّه اکبر علی ما هدانا اللّه، لا اله الا اللّه وحده لا شریک له، آمنت بالله و کفرت بالطاغوت In the name of Allah, and Allah is the greatest; upon what Allah has guided us. There is no god but Allah, He alone, without partner. I believe in Allah and disbelieve in the Taghut.[14]
  • باسم اللّه و اللّه أکبر إیمانا باللّه و تصدیقا لإجابة محمد صلی اللّه علیه و سلم In the name of Allah, and Allah is the greatest, in faith in Allah and affirming the response of Muhammad, peace be upon him.[15]

Gallery

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    Rukn al-Hajar al-Aswad

Notes

  1. ↑ Azraqī, Akhbār Makka, vol. 1, p. 65; Kurdī,Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm, vol. 3, p. 236; Ibn Jubayr, Riḥla Ibn Jubayr, p. 53.
  2. ↑ Kurdī,Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm, vol. 3, p. 236; Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, aw, al-raḥlāt al-ḥijāziyya wa al-ḥaj wa mashāʿirihi al-dīniyya, vol. 1, p. 264.
  3. ↑ Maqdisī al-Bashārī, Aḥsan al-taqāsīm fī maʿrifat al-aqālīm, p. 72.
  4. ↑ Khārazmī, al-. Ithara al-targhīb , vol. 1, p. 227; Ibn Rusta,Al-Aʿlāq al-nafīsa, p. 30.
  5. ↑ Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, aw, al-raḥlāt al-ḥijāziyya wa al-ḥaj wa mashāʿirihi al-dīniyya, vol. 1, p. 264.
  6. ↑ Ibn Jubayr, Riḥla Ibn Jubayr, p. 53.
  7. ↑ Qalashqandī,Ṣubḥ al-aʿshā, vol. 4, p. 258.
  8. ↑ Fākihī,Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih, vol. 1, p. 134; Kurdī,Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm, vol. 3, p. 236; Qazwīnī, Āthār al-bilād wa-akhbār al-ʿibād , p. 118.
  9. ↑ Fākihī,Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih, vol. 1, p. 127; Azraqī, Akhbār Makka, vol. 1, p. 331. , Khārazmī, al-. Ithara al-targhīb , vol. 1, p. 258.
  10. ↑ Kurdī,Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm, vol. 3, p. 255.
  11. ↑ Ṭūsī, Al-Istibṣār fīmā ikhtalafa min al-akhbār ,vol. 2, p. 216; Ṭūsī,Miṣbāḥ al-mutahajjid wa-silāḥ al-mutʿabbid, p. 681; Ibn Idrīs, Al-Sarāʾir al-ḥāwī li-taḥrīr al-fatāwī, vol. 1, p. 572.
  12. ↑ Fākihī,Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih, vol. 1, p. 145.
  13. ↑ Azraqī, Akhbār Makka, vol. 1, p. 339.
  14. ↑ Azraqī, Akhbār Makka, vol. 1, p. 339.
  15. ↑ Kurdī,Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm, vol. 3, p. 257.

References

  • Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. Akhbār Makka. Qom: Maktaba al-Sharīf al-Raḍī, [n.d].
  • Bashārī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Maqdisī al-. Aḥsan al-taqāsīm fī maʿrifat al-aqālīm. Cairo: Maktabat Madbūlī, 1411 AH.
  • Fākihī, Muḥammad b. Isḥāq. Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih. Beirut: Dār al- Khiḍr, 1414 AH.
  • Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Riḥla Ibn Jubayr. Beirut: Dār al-Maktaba al-Hilāl, 1986.
  • Ibn Idrīs, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Al-Sarāʾir al-ḥāwī li-taḥrīr al-fatāwī. Qom: Intishārāt al-Islāmī, 1410 AH.
  • Ibn Rusta, Aḥmad b. ʿUmar. Al-Aʿlāq al-nafīsa. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1892 CE.
  • Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, aw, al-raḥlāt al-ḥijāziyya wa al-ḥaj wa mashāʿirihi al-dīniyya. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d].
  • Khārazmī, Muḥammad b. Isḥāq al-. Ithara al-targhīb. Mecca: Maktabat Nazār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1418 AH.
  • Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. Al-Kāfī. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī & Muḥammad Ākhūndī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH.
  • Kurdī, Muḥammad Ṭāhir. Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm. Beirut: : Dār al- Khiḍr, 1420 AH.
  • Qalashqandī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. Ṣubḥ al-aʿshā. Cairo: 1383 AH-1963.
  • Qazwīnī, Zakarīyā b. Muḥammad al-. Āthār al-bilād wa-akhbār al-ʿibād. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1998 CE.
  • Sibāʿī, Aḥmad al-. Tārīkh Makka. Mecca: Maktabat Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1420 AH.
  • Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan al-. Al-Istibṣār fīmā ikhtalafa min al-akhbār. Edited by Sayyid Ḥasan Mūsawī al-Khurasān. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1363 SH.
  • Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan al-. Miṣbāḥ al-mutahajjid wa-silāḥ al-mutʿabbid. Edited by Ismāʿīl Anṣārī Zanjānī, prepared by ʿAlī Aṣghar Marwārīd. Beirut: Fiqh al-Shīʿa, 1411 AH.
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