Hijr Isma'il

From WikiHaj
(Redirected from Hijr of ismaʿil)

Hijr Isma'il (Arabic: حجر اسماعيل) is a semicircular area beside the Ka'ba, and according to Islamic narrations is the burial place of Isma'il, Hajar and some prophets.

According to some hadiths, a segment of Hijr Isma'il was a part of the Ka'ba; therefore, according to Shia jurists and most Sunni jurists, during tawaf, one should go round Hijr Isma'il.

Introduction

Hijr Isma'il is the semicircular area on the northwest side of Ka'ba, in front of the gold gutter.[1]

A top-view of Hijr Isma'il

Hijr Isma'il is marked by a wall with a height of 1.32 meters and a width of 1.52 meters. The distance of this wall from the gold gutter is nearly 6.80 meters and it covers an area of 8.44 square meters between the al-Rukn al-'Iraqi and the al-Rukn al-Shami.[2]

History

Based on religious traditions, Hijr Isma'il dates back to the time of the construction of the Ka'ba by Ibrahim(a). There are different and sometimes conflicting reports about the reason for the Hijr's construction. Some reports show that Isma'il(s) took shelter from the scorching sun in this part.[3] and probably Hijr is introduced as his house.[4] Other narrations have attributed the construction of the first Hijr to Prophet Abraham(s), to protect the Isma'il's sheep.[5]

Burial Place of Prophets

Islamic narrations have reported that some prophets are buried in Hijr Isma'il without mentioning their names. According to these reports, Isma'il, his mother Hajar, and some of his daughters were buried there.[6]

Importance Among Meccans and Muslims

Hijr Isma'il has always attracted the attention of the people of Mecca. There are reports of 'Abd al-Muttalib sittings in Hijr Isma'il,[7] disputes between the Prophet Muhammad(s) and polytheists of Quraysh in this place,[8] and also the gathering of polytheists to decide on his assassination.[9] Numerous dreams are attributed to figures such as 'Abd al-Muttalib[10] and the Prophet(s) in Hijr Isma'il[11] showing that this place was suitable for resting after worship.

Reports that Hijr Isma'il was the starting point of the Ascension of the Prophet(s),[12] the place of some of his speeches,[13] and Shia imams on various occasions were staying and praying in the place[14] shows the prominent position of Hijr Isma'il among religious figures.

Reconstructions Throughout History

Some scholars, citing a hadith attributed to Prophet Muhammad(s) addressed to 'A'isha[15] believe that a portion of the current Hijr Isma'il was a part of the Ka'ba, which became the inner Hijr due to the financial inability of the Quraysh to rebuild the Ka'ba completely in the fifth year before Bi'tha (605CE).[16] They have even considered the naming as hijr to be after the stones marking it as a part of the Ka'ba to prevent people from entering it while doing tawaf.[17]

'Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr in 64/683-4 while rebuilding the Ka'ba, added the mentioned part to the building of the Ka'ba, but al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf by the permission of 'Abd al-Malik b. Marwan (Ruled: 65/684-5-86/705) in 74/693-4 restored the building of the Ka'ba to its previous form.[18] The region of Hijr Isma'il has remained the same since then.

According to sources Hijr Isma'il was paved in 140/757-8 by the order of al-Mansur al-'Abbasi(Ruled: 136/754-158/775[19] and reconstructed in 164/780-1 by the order of al-Mahdi al-'Abbasi (Rulde: 158/775-169/785-6).[20] Other renovations were done in 1040/1630-1, 1260/1844-5 and 1283/1866-7 during the period of the Ottomans.[21]

Tawaf in Hijr Isma'il

Shia and Sunni jurists have disputed the method of tawaf and the obligatory and recommended prayers at Hijr Isma'il. The disagreement is rooted in the difference in their views on whether Hijr Isma'il is a part of the Ka'ba.[22]

Shia scholars have unanimously placed Hijr Isma'il inside the tawaf area, and in case someone enters Hijr Isma'il while doing tawaf, the Shi'a jurists have ruled that he has to do tawaf from the beginning.[23] Among Sunni jurists only Abu Hanifa believes that entering Hijr Isma'il does not disturb the tawaf.[24]

Notes

  1. ↑ Kurdī, al-Tārīkh al-qawīm, vol. 2, p. 569.
  2. ↑ Rafʿat Pāshā, Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, vol. 1, p. 266; Kurdī, al-Tārīkh al-qawīm, vol. 2, p. 576.
  3. ↑ Qāʾidān, Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 117.
  4. ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 4, p. 210.
  5. ↑ Azraqī, Akhbār Makka, vol. 1, p. 64-65; Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa, vol. 13, p. 355.
  6. ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 4, p. 210; Ibn Hishām, al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya, vol. 1, p. 5.
  7. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 1, p. 82.
  8. ↑ Ibn Hishām, al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya, vol. 1, p. 289-290.
  9. ↑ Wāqidī, al-Maghāzī, vol. 1, p. 125.
  10. ↑ Ibn Hishām, al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya, vol. 1, p. 142; Ibn Kathīr, al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya, vol. 2, p. 244.
  11. ↑ Ibn Ṭāwūs, Saʿd al-suʿūd li-l-nufūs, p. 100; Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 18, p. 317.
  12. ↑ Ibn Ṭāwūs, Saʿd al-suʿūd li-l-nufūs, p. 100; Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 18, p. 317
  13. ↑ Qummi, Tafsir al-Qummi, vol. 1, p. 379.
  14. ↑ ʿAyyāshī, Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī, vol. 2, p. 337; Ṭūsī, al-Ghayba, p. 259; Ṣaffār, Baṣāʾir al-darajāt, p. 373.
  15. ↑ Ibn Khuzayma, Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn Khuzaima, vol. 2, p. 1413; Muslim Nayshaburi, Ṣaḥiḥ Muslim, vol. 2, p. 968.
  16. ↑ Kurdī, al-Tārīkh al-qawīm, vol. 2, p. 573.
  17. ↑ Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān, vol. 2, p. 221.
  18. ↑ Rūstā, al-Aʿlāq al-nafīsah, p. 30; Azraqī, Akhbār Makka, vol. 1, p. 214.
  19. ↑ Azraqī, Akhbār Makka, vol. 1, p. 313; Sanjārī, Manāʾiḥ al-karam, vol. 2, p. 92.
  20. ↑ Azraqī, Akhbār Makka, Vol 1, p. 313-314; Kurdī, al-Tārīkh al-qawīm, vol. 2, p. 579.
  21. ↑ Kurdī, al-Tārīkh al-qawīm, vol. 2, p. 579.
  22. ↑ Pūramīnī, Ḥijr Ismaʿīl. p. 42-61.
  23. ↑ Tusi,Al-Khilaf, vol. 2, p. 324; Muqaddas Ardibīlī, Majmaʿ al-fāʾida wa l-burhān, vol. 7, p. 79.
  24. ↑ Shāfiʿī, al-Umm, vol. 2, p. 193; Kalwadhānī, al-Hidāya ʿalā madhhab al-Imām Aḥmad, p. 190.

References

  • Sanjārī, ʿAlī b. Tāj al-Dīn al-.Manāʾiḥ al-karam. Mecca: Umm al-Qurā University, 1998.
  • ʿAyyāshī, Muḥammad b. Masʿūd al-. Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: al-Maktaba al-ʿIlmīyya al-Islāmīyya, 1380Sh.
  • Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fī-hā min al-āthār. Edited by Rushdī Ṣāliḥ Mulḥis. Beirut: Dār al-Andalus, 1403AH.
  • Ḥamawī, Yāqūt b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. Muʿjam al-buldān. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1399AH.
  • Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403/1983.
  • Ibn Hishām, ʿAbd al-Malik. Al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya. Cairo: Maktabat Muḥammad ʿAlī Ṣabīḥ, 1355/1936.
  • Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1408AH.
  • Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad. Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1409AH.
  • Ibn Ṭāwūs, ʿAlī b. Mūsā. Saʿd al-suʿūd li-l-nufūs. Qom: Intishārāt-i Sharīf al-Raḍī, 1363Sh.
  • Kalwadhānī, Abū l-Khaṭṭāb al-. Al-Hidāya ʿalā madhhab al-Imām Aḥmad. Edited by ʿAbd al-Laṭīf Hamīm and Māhir Yāsīn al-Faḥl. [n.p], Muʾassisa Gharrās, 1425AH.
  • Ibn Khuzayma, Muḥammad. Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn Khuzaima. Edited by Muḥammad Muṣṭafā al-Aʿzamī. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1424AH.
  • Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. Al-Kāfī. Edited by Najm al-Dīn Āmulī. Tehran: Al-Maktabat al-Islāmīyya, 1388 AH.
  • Kurdī, Muḥammad Ṭāhir al-. Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li-Makka wa Bayt Allāh al-karīm. Beirut: Dār Khiḍr, 1420AH.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Biḥār al-anwār al-jāmiʿa li-durar akhbār al-aʾimma al-aṭhār. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403AH.
  • Muqaddas Ardibīlī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad. Majmaʿ al-fāʾida wa l-burhān fī sharḥ irshād al-adhhān. Qom: 1st volume, 1403AH and volume 11, 1414 AH.
  • Nawawī, Yaḥyā b. Sharaf. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Muslim bi-sharḥ al-Nawawī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1407 AH.
  • Pūramīnī, Muḥammad Amīn. Ḥijr Ismaʿīl. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Mashʿar, 1388Sh.
  • Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna. 4th edition. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381Sh.
  • Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. Tafsīr al-Qummī. Edited by Ṭayyib Mūsawī Jazāʾrī. Qom: Dār al-Kitāb, 1404AH.
  • Rafʿat Pāshā, Ibrāhīm. Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn. Tehran: Mashʿar, n.d.
  • Rūstā, Aḥmad b. ʿUmar. Al-Aʿlāq al-nafīsah. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1892.
  • Ṣaffār, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan. Baṣāʾir al-darajāt fī faḍāʾil Āl Muḥammad. Edited by Muḥsin Kūchabāghī. Tehran: Aʿlamī, 1404AH.
  • Shāfiʿī, Muḥammad b. Idrīs. Al-Umm. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1403 AH
  • Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. Al-Khilāf. Qom: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1407AH.
  • Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. Al-Ghayba. Edited by ʿIbād Allāh Tihrānī and ʿAlī Aḥmad Nāṣiḥ. Qom: Muʾassisat al-Maʿārif al-Islāmīyya, 1411AH.
  • Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. Al-Maghāzī. Translated to Farsi by Maḥmūd Mahdawī Dāmghānī. 2nd edition. Tehran: Markaz-i Nashr-i Dānishgāhī, 1388Sh.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikihaj.com/index.php?title=Hijr_Isma%27il&oldid=2179"