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Mount Uhud

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Template:Infobox natural phenomenon Mount Uhud is a mountain located north of Medina, which was the site of the Battle of Uhud. Today, due to the expansion of the city of Medina, this mountain is located within the city. Its distance from Al-Masjid an-Nabawi is five and a half kilometers. Another name for Mount Uhud is Dhu Aynayn. Uhud is a mountain range and consists of numerous peaks.
In the third year of the Hijra, the Battle of Uhud took place on this mountain between Muslims and polytheists from Mecca, and many Muslims were martyred in it. By the order of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), some of the fallen in this battle, including Hamza, the Prophet's uncle, were buried at the foot of Mount Uhud.

Geographical Location

Uhud is the name of a mountain range in the northeast of Medina[1] located five and a half kilometers from Al-Masjid an-Nabawi.[2] Before Islam, it was called Unqud (cluster).[3] The reason for the name Uhud (meaning "one" and "alone") has been attributed to its separation from other mountains or the support of the people of Medina for Tawhid (monotheism).[4] Mount Uhud is also called Dhu Aynayn (possessor of two springs).[5] At the foot of this mountain and at the entrance of the Uhud valley, there is the small mountain of Aynayn; the same mountain on which, during the Battle of Uhud, the Messenger of God positioned the archers.[6]

The Uhud mountain range, with a length of six[7] to seven[8] kilometers and a width of one to three kilometers, stretches from east to west and covers an area of 19 square kilometers.[9] Its elevation from the ground is 300 meters and from sea level is 1000 meters.[10] This mountain range is formed by massive rocks and various small and large peaks.[11] Its peaks are separated from each other like a cluster of grapes, appearing independent to the observer.[12] Most of the rocks of this mountain appear red.[13] Rocks of other colors are also seen there.[14]

Today, this mountain is located within the city. One can now reach Mount Uhud and the martyrs' shrine from the Prophet's Mosque via King Fahd bin Abdulaziz Highway. There is also a route from Sayyid al-Shuhada Street.[15]

Military Importance

 
Geographical location of Mount Uhud in Medina

The city of Medina is situated amidst low, scattered hills and mountains, various farms and palm groves, and is surrounded by natural barriers on three sides. The eastern Harrah and western Harrah are to its east and west, and the palm groves are to its south.[16] Thus, an invading military force can only enter the city from the north, from the northwest side of Mount Uhud, and then along its southern flank.[17]

During the Battle of the Trench, the army of Quraysh, which came from Mecca in the south towards Medina, had no choice but to pass through this area to enter the city. The Prophet of Islam (PBUH) established his command post and forces on the southern slope of Uhud, with their backs to the mountain and facing the city, such that if the enemy advanced towards the city, the Muslims would be behind them.[18]

Virtue

Many reports regarding the virtues and importance of Mount Uhud are found in Islamic sources. According to Ibn Shabba (died 262 AH) in Tarikh al-Madinah, when Prophet (PBUH) was returning to Medina from the Battle of Khaybar, upon seeing Mount Uhud, he said: Uhud loves us, and we love it.[19] In another narration from him, it is stated: Uhud is at one of the gates of Paradise.[20] Whenever you pass by it, eat from its plants and trees.[21]

Literary Usage

The Prophet (PBUH) designated Medina as a Haram.[22] The word Haram extends 12 miles, equivalent to four farsakhs, in every direction, and Mount Uhud is located within this boundary.[23] In Persian literature, the proverb "His back is to Mount Uhud" is an idiom for "having strong support."Template:Citation needed In narrations, Mount Uhud is used as a symbol for greatness and abundance; for example, "Whoever worships for two-thirds of the night will have a reward equivalent to the grains of sand in the desert, the least of which is a good deed ten times heavier than Mount Uhud."[24]

Martyrs of Uhud Cemetery

 
Martyrs of the Battle of Uhud cemetery at the foot of Mount Uhud
Main article: Martyrs of Uhud Cemetery

In the third year of Hijra, a fierce battle took place on the southern slope of this mountain between Muslims and the polytheists of Quraysh, which was named the Battle of Uhud. In this battle, a number of Muslims were killed, and by the command of Prophet (PBUH), they were buried at the site of their martyrdom on the slopes of this very mountain,[25] and their shrine is still a place of pilgrimage for Muslims. According to some reports, before the Prophet's command, the bodies of some martyrs were buried in other locations, and it was not possible to return them to Uhud.[26] The body of Hamza, the Prophet's uncle, was buried on the slope of this mountain, in the place where his shrine is now located.[27]

 
Mihras basin in Mount Uhud

Mihras

Mihras is a stone basin on the ridge of Mount Uhud, from which, after the Battle of Uhud, Imam Ali (AS) filled his shield with water and brought it to Prophet (PBUH) so that he could wash his bloodied face with it.[28]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Mu'jam al-Buldan, vol. 1, p. 109; Wafa al-Wafa, vol. 3, p. 108.
  2. ↑ Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, p. 354.
  3. ↑ Tarikh al-Madinah, vol. 1, p. 85.
  4. ↑ Fath al-Bari, vol. 7, pp. 289-290; Wafa al-Wafa, vol. 3, p. 108; Sharh Usul al-Kafi, vol. 12, p. 447.
  5. ↑ Umdat al-Qari, vol. 17, p. 138; Al-Mawahib al-Ladunniyah, vol. 1, p. 240.
  6. ↑ Al-Tabaqat, vol. 2, p. 30.
  7. ↑ Athar al-Madinah, p. 193; Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madinah, p. 317.
  8. ↑ Tarikh wa Athar Islami Makkah, p. 307.
  9. ↑ Tarikh wa Athar Islami Makkah, p. 307.
  10. ↑ Tarikh wa Athar Islami Makkah, p. 307.
  11. ↑ Athar al-Madinah, p. 193.
  12. ↑ Athar al-Madinah, p. 193.
  13. ↑ Mu'jam al-Buldan, vol. 1, p. 109; Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madinah, p. 317.
  14. ↑ Athar al-Madinah, p. 193.
  15. ↑ Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, p. 354.
  16. ↑ See: Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madinah, pp. 315-338; Atlas Tarikh Islam, p. 9.
  17. ↑ Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madinah, pp. 315-338; Atlas Tarikh Islam, pp. 9-13.
  18. ↑ See: Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, pp. 361-362.
  19. ↑ Tarikh al-Madinah, vol. 1, p. 81.
  20. ↑ Tarikh al-Madinah, vol. 1, pp. 82-84.
  21. ↑ Tarikh al-Madinah, vol. 1, p. 83.
  22. ↑ Sahih al-Bukhari, vol. 2, p. 221; vol. 8, p. 10; Sahih Muslim, vol. 4, pp. 115-116, 217.
  23. ↑ Al-Musannaf, vol. 9, pp. 260-261; Fath al-Bari, vol. 4, pp. 72-73; Awn al-Ma'bud, vol. 6, p. 16.
  24. ↑ Amali, p. 368.
  25. ↑ Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, vol. 2, pp. 60, 98; Tarikh al-Tabari, vol. 2, p. 499.
  26. ↑ Al-Maghazi, vol. 1, p. 312.
  27. ↑ Tarikh al-Madinah, vol. 1, p. 125.
  28. ↑ Tarikh al-Tabari, vol. 2, p. 519; Wafa al-Wafa, vol. 4, p. 152.

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  The main source: Encyclopedia of Hajj and the Two Holy Mosques entery: [{{{link}}} Mount Uhud].
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