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Abd al-Muttalib

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Template:Infobox person Abd al-Muttalib was the grandfather of the Prophet (PBUH) and the chief of the Quraysh tribe in his era. He also held positions in Mecca such as Siqaya (providing water) and Rifada (providing hospitality) to pilgrims. His name is intertwined with the Zamzam Well because he was its reviver. The story of the People of the Elephant, who were afflicted by the punishment of Ababil, also occurred during his leadership of Mecca. He held a special status among the Quraysh tribe, followed the religion of Abraham (PBUH), and never worshipped idols until his death at the age of 82.

Introduction to Abd al-Muttalib

Abd al-Muttalib was the son of Hashim ibn Abd Manaf and the grandfather of the Islamic Prophet (PBUH) and Imam Ali (PBUH). He was born in Medina to a mother named Salma. His father, Hashim, died during a trade journey to Syria and never saw his son.[1] His original name was Shaybah[2], but when his uncle Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf brought him from Medina to Mecca, people thought he was Muttalib's slave, and from then on, he became known as Abd al-Muttalib (Muttalib's slave).[3] Some narrations attribute this name to the radiance of the "light of prophethood" on his face, which led his uncle to introduce him as his "slave" to protect him from being killed by the Jews.[4] Six wives are mentioned for Abd al-Muttalib, among whom "Fatima bint Amr" was the mother of Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib.[5]

Children and the Story of the Sacrifice

Abd al-Muttalib had 10 sons and six daughters.[6] When Abd al-Muttalib decided to dig the Zamzam well with his only son, Harith, he faced opposition from the Quraysh. It is narrated that Abd al-Muttalib vowed that if God granted him ten sons, he would sacrifice one of them in the way of God. After his sons reached ten, and he informed them of his vow, they all showed obedience. The matter was decided by drawing lots; the lot fell on Abdullah, his youngest and most beloved son. The efforts of the Quraysh and Abd al-Muttalib's children led to the replacement of Abdullah's sacrifice with a ransom between him and camels. Finally, after repeated draws, Abdullah's sacrifice was replaced by the slaughter of one hundred camels; an event that later led to the determination of human blood money as "one hundred camels" and highlighted the status of Abdullah and Abd al-Muttalib's other children in historical narratives.[7]

Status and Virtues

Among the Quraysh

After the death of his uncle Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf, Abd al-Muttalib obtained the important positions of Siqaya and Rifada (providing water and hospitality to pilgrims) despite some difficulties[8] and became the Sayyid and chief of the Quraysh.[9] He held such a high status among the Quraysh[10] that only his grandson, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), could sit beside him on the special carpet next to the Kaaba.[11] The Quraysh called him "Abraham the Second" due to his nobility and wisdom[12] and honored him even after his death.[13]

It is said that his greatness was such that he never entered before any emir or ruler without being honored and respected.[14] Even Abraha, who came to destroy the Kaaba, was influenced by him.[15] It is said that Abraha expected Abd al-Muttalib to ask him not to attack the Kaaba, but Abd al-Muttalib said: This House has a Lord who will defend it Himself.[16] In some narrative books, it is stated that Abd al-Muttalib will be resurrected on the Day of Judgment in the form of prophets and with the characteristics of kings.[17]

Abd al-Muttalib and Islam

Abd al-Muttalib was a monotheist and a follower of the religion of Abraham (PBUH), and he never worshipped idols[18] and gave glad tidings of the Prophet's mission (PBUH) to the people.[19] Abd al-Muttalib established some rulings such as the blood money of one hundred camels, the prohibition of wine and adultery, and the seven-fold circumambulation of the Kaaba, which were later confirmed in Islam.[20]

File:Hajoun Abd al-Muttalib.jpg
Old image of Al-Hajun cemetery

Services to Hajj

Abd al-Muttalib, by re-digging the Zamzam well, quenched the thirst of pilgrims with its water[21] and provided extensive services to the visitors of the House of God.[22] Abd al-Muttalib was the first to gild the door of the Kaaba[23] and made a golden lock and key for it.[24]

Death of Abd al-Muttalib

Abd al-Muttalib, according to one narration, died at the age of 82, when the Messenger of God was eight years old, in Mecca and was buried in Al-Hajun cemetery near Al-Masjid al-Haram.[25] It is said that when Abd al-Muttalib's time of death approached, Abu Talib and Zubayr, who were from the same mother as Abdullah, the father of the Messenger of God (PBUH), gathered everyone and entrusted the care of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to them, and according to one narration, he entrusted his guardianship to Abu Talib.[26]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 1, p. 64; Ansab al-Ashraf, vol. 1, p. 64.
  2. ↑ Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, vol. 1, p. 1; Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 1, p. 65.
  3. ↑ Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 1, p. 67; Al-Ma'arif, pp. 71-72.
  4. ↑ Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 15, pp. 58-64.
  5. ↑ Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 1, p. 52; Tarikh al-Ya'qubi, vol. 1, p. 251.
  6. ↑ Al-Ma'arif, p. 72.
  7. ↑ Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, vol. 1, pp. 151-155; Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 1, pp. 71-72 and pp. 68-69.
  8. ↑ Al-Munammaq, pp. 83-85; Ansab al-Ashraf, vol. 1, pp. 69-70.
  9. ↑ Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 1, p. 67.
  10. ↑ Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 1, p. 69.
  11. ↑ Usul al-Kafi, vol. 1, p. 448, hadith 26; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 15, p. 144; Kamal al-Din, vol. 1, pp. 171-173.
  12. ↑ Tarikh al-Ya'qubi, vol. 2, p. 11.
  13. ↑ Tarikh al-Ya'qubi, vol. 2, p. 13.
  14. ↑ Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 1, p. 69.
  15. ↑ Usul al-Kafi, vol. 1, p. 447; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 15, pp. 140, 158.
  16. ↑ Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, vol. 1, p. 50; Tarikh al-Tabari, vol. 2, p. 134.
  17. ↑ Usul al-Kafi, vol. 1, pp. 446-447.
  18. ↑ Muruj al-Dhahab, vol. 2, pp. 103, 108; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 15, p. 144.
  19. ↑ Al-Isabah, vol. 5, p. 191.
  20. ↑ Tarikh Ya'qubi, vol. 2, pp. 10-11; Al-Khisal, Bab al-Khamsah, vol. 1, p. 472.
  21. ↑ Muruj al-Dhahab, vol. 2, p. 103.
  22. ↑ Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 1, p. 67; Muruj al-Dhahab, vol. 2, p. 103.
  23. ↑ Muruj al-Dhahab, vol. 2, pp. 103-104.
  24. ↑ Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 1, p. 69.
  25. ↑ Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 1, p. 95; Ansab al-Ashraf, vol. 1, p. 84.
  26. ↑ Ansab al-Ashraf, vol. 1, p. 85; Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 1, p. 95.

References

  • Al-Isabah fi Tamyiz al-Sahabah, Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Hajar, edited by Adel Ahmad Abd al-Mawjud and Ali Muhammad Muawwad, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah, 1415 AH.
  • Usul al-Kafi, Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni, Tehran, Islamiyyah, 1362 SH.
  • Al-Amali, Muhammad ibn Nu'man Shaykh Mufid, edited by Hussein Wali and Ali Akbar Ghaffari, Qom, Jami'at al-Mudarrisin, 1403 AH.
  • Ansab al-Ashraf, Ahmad ibn Yahya Baladhuri, edited by Suhayl Zakkar and Riyad Zarkali, Beirut, Dar al-Fikr, 1417 AH.
  • Bihar al-Anwar, Muhammad Baqir Majlisi, Tehran, Islamiyyah, undated.
  • Tarikh al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, edited by Muhammad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim, Beirut, Dar al-Turath, 1967 CE.
  • Tarikh al-Ya'qubi, Ahmad ibn Ishaq al-Ya'qubi, Beirut, Dar Sadir, undated.
  • Al-Khisal, Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Babawayh Shaykh Saduq, translated by Hadi Khalili, Qom, Intisharat Tahdhib, 1392 SH.
  • Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, Abd al-Malik ibn Hisham, edited by Mustafa al-Saqqa and others, Beirut, Dar al-Ma'rifah, undated.
  • Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, Muhammad ibn Sa'd, edited by Muhammad Abd al-Qadir Ata, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah, 1410 AH.
  • Kamal al-Din wa Tamam al-Ni'mah, Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Babawayh Shaykh Saduq, Tehran, Islamiyyah, 1395 SH.
  • Muruj al-Dhahab wa Ma'adin al-Jawhar, Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Mas'udi, edited by As'ad Daghir, Qom, Dar al-Hijrah, 1409 AH.
  • Al-Ma'arif, Muhammad ibn Muslim ibn Qutaybah, edited by Tharwat Ukashah, Cairo, Al-Hay'ah al-Misriyah al-Ammah lil-Kitab, 1992 CE.
  • Ma'ani al-Akhbar, Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Babawayh Shaykh Saduq, edited by Ali Akbar Ghaffari, Qom, Mu'assasat Nashr Islami, 1416 AH.
  • Al-Munammaq fi Akhbar Quraysh, Muhammad ibn Habib al-Baghdadi, edited by Khurshid Ahmad Faruq, Beirut, Alam al-Kutub, 1415 AH.
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