The pillars of the Ka'ba

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The pillars of the Ka'ba are the four corners of this structure, each facing one of the four cardinal directions: east, west, north, and south. Each corner is called a "Rukun," and they are as follows: the Rukn al-Hajar al-Aswad (eastern), the Rukn al-Shami (western), the Rukn al-Iraqi (northern), and the Rukn al-Yamani (southern).

Overview

The Ka'ba is a square building with four pillars, each called a "rukn" (pillar), and collectively known as the "arkan al-Ka'ba" (pillars of the Ka'ba).

Each of these pillars has other names as well. For example, each pillar is named after the direction it faces: the Iraqi pillar, the Levantine (Shami) pillar, and the Yemeni pillar.

The pillars of the Ka'ba are significant in the positioning of certain rituals and rites of Hajj. For instance, the pillar of the Black Stone (Hajar al-Aswad) marks the starting and ending point of the Tawaf .[1]

Hajar al-Aswad pillar

Main article: Hajar al-Aswad pillar

The eastern pillar, known as the pillar of the Black Stone (Rukn al-Hajar al-Aswad), is the starting point of the Tawaf. This pillar is located in the southeast of the Ka'ba.[2] This pillar is the closest to the entrance of the Ka'ba and is opposite the Zamzam well. Facing the pillar of the Black Stone is the famous Mount Abu Qubays.[3] The Multazam is a part of the Ka'ba's wall near this corner.

Iraqi pillar

Main article: Iraqi pillar

The Iraqi Corner (Rukn al-Iraqi) is the second corner of the Ka'ba encountered in the path of the Tawaf.[4] After the pillar of the Black Stone and before the Syrian pillar, and on the side of the Bab al-Umrah.[5] This pillar is famous as the Iraqi pillar because it is located towards Iraq and serves as the qibla for the people of Iraq.[6]

Shami pillar

Main article: Shami pillar

The Shami pillar is the third pillar among the pillars of the Ka'ba in the path of Tawaf.[7] This pillar is located after the Iraqi pillar and before the Yemeni pillar, on the side of Bab al-Ziyadah.[8]

Yamani pillar

Main article: Yamani pillar

According to the path of Tawaf, the Yamani pillar is recognized as the last and fourth pillar of the Ka'ba, before the Black Stone.[9] The pillar is located in the south of the Ka'ba and is therefore also known as the southern pillar.[10] In narrations, an angel near the Yamani pillar is mentioned whose task is to respond 'Ameen' to the prayers of the believers. Additionally, this angel conveys the blessings of the believers upon the Prophet to him.[11] The Mustajar is a part of the wall of the Ka'ba near this pillar.

Notes

  1. ↑ Ṣabrī Pāshā, Ayyūb. Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, vol. 2, p. 264.
  2. ↑ Azraqī, Akhbār Makkah, Vol. 1, p. 65; Kurdī,Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm, vol.3, p. 236; Ibn Jubayr,Riḥla Ibn Jubayr, p. 53.
  3. ↑ Maqdisī al-Bashārī, Aḥsan al-taqāsīm fī maʿrifat al-aqālīm, p. 72.
  4. ↑ Baghdādī, Marāṣid al-ʾiṭṭlāʿ ʿlā ʾasmāʾi al-amkina wa al-buqāʿ, vol. 2, p. 629; Fārisī al-Aṣṭakhrī, Al-Masālik wa al-mamālik, p. 16.
  5. ↑ Marjānī, Bahjat al-nufūs wa al-asrār, vol. 2, p. 763; Kurdī,Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm, vol. 3, p. 248; Ibn Baṭūṭa,Al-Raḥla Ibn Baṭūṭa, vol. 1, p. 374.
  6. ↑ Ṭūsī, Muṣbaḥ al-mutahajjid wa silāḥ al-mutaʿabbid, p. 27; Ibn Ṭāwūs, Falāḥ al-sāʾil wa najāḥ al-masāʾil fī ʿamal al-yawm wa al-layl, p. 129; Shurrāb, Al-Ma'ālim al-Athīrah fī al-Sunnah wa al-Sīrah, p. 129.
  7. ↑ Qalqashandī,Ṣubḥ al-Aʿshá fī ṣināʿat al-inshā, vol. 4, p. 258; Muʿtamid al-Dawlah, Safarnāmah-i Farhād Mīrzā, p. 257; Kurdī,Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm, vol. 3, p. 247-248.
  8. ↑ Khwārazmī, Iṣārat al-targhīb wa al-tashwīq ilá al-masājid al-thalātha wa al-bayt al-ʿatīq, vol. 1, p. 289-290; Marjānī, Bahjat al-nufūs wa al-asrār, vol. 2, p. 763; Ibn Baṭūṭa,Al-Raḥla Ibn Baṭūṭa, vol. 1, p. 374.
  9. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī,Muʿjam al-buldān, vol. 4, p. 465; Ibn Baṭūṭa,Al-Raḥla Ibn Baṭūṭa, vol. 1, p. 374; Muʿtamid al-Dawlah, Safarnāmah-i Farhād Mīrzā, p. 375.
  10. ↑ Nāṣir Khusraw, Safarnāmah-i Nāṣir Khusraw, p. 129; Burckhardt, Tarḥāl fī al-Jazīrah al-ʿArabīyah, p. 176; Khalīlī, Mawsūʿat al-ʿAtābāt al-Muqaddasah, vol. 2, p. 333.
  11. ↑ Kulaynī, Al-Kāfī, vol. 4, p. 408.

references

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  • Burckhardt, John Lewis. Tarḥāl fī al-Jazīrah al-ʿArabīyah. translated by Ṣabrī Muḥammad Ḥasan, Cairo: Al-Markaz al-Qawmī lil-Tarjama, 2007 CE.
  • Farhād Mīrzā Muʿtamid al-Dawlah. Safarnāmah-i Farhād Mīrzā (Hidāyat al-Sabīl wa Kafāyat al-Dalīl). Edited by Ghulām Riḍā Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Tehran: Ilmī, 1366 SH.
  • Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq Baghdādī, Ṣafīī al-dīn ʿAbd al-Muʾmin. Marāṣid al-ʾiṭṭlāʿ ʿlā ʾasmāʾi al-amkina wa al-buqāʿ. Beirut: Dār al-Jayl, 1412 AH.
  • Ibn Baṭūṭa, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. Al-Raḥla Ibn Baṭūṭa. Edited by ʿAbd al-Hādī Tāzī. Rabat: Ākādimīyya al-Mamlikat al-Maghribīyya, 1417 AH.
  • Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Riḥla Ibn Jubayr. Beirut: Dār al-Maktaba al-Hilāl, 1986.
  • Ibn Ṭāwūs ʿAlī ibn Mūsā. Falāḥ al-sāʾil wa najāḥ al-masāʾil fī ʿamal al-yawm wa al-layl. Qom: Intishārāt al-Islāmī, [n.d].
  • Iṣṭarkḫrī, Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad al-Fārisī al-. Al-Masālik wa al-mamālik. Edited by Aḥmad ibn Sahl Abū Zayd, Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1927 CE.
  • Khalīlī, Jaʿfar. Mawsūʿat al-ʿAtābāt al-Muqaddasah. Beirut: al-A'lami, 1407 AH.
  • Khwārazmī, Muḥammad b. Isḥāq al-. Iṣārat al-targhīb wa al-tashwīq ilá al-masājid al-thalātha wa al-bayt al-ʿatīq. Edited by Muḥammad Ḥusayn al-Ẓahabī, Mecca: Maktabah Nizār Muṣṭafá al-Bāz, 1418 AH.
  • Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-.Al-Kāfī. Edited by ʿAlī-Akbar Ghaffārī, Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah, 1363 SH.
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  • Qalqashandī, Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī al-. Ṣubḥ al-Aʿshá fī ṣināʿat al-inshā'. Edited by Muḥammad Ḥusayn Shams al-Dīn. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah, [n.d].
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  • Shurrāb, Muhammad Muhammad Ḥasan. Al-Ma'ālim al-Athīrah fī al-Sunnah wa al-Sīrah. Beirut: Dār al-Qalam, 1411 AH.
  • Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan al-. Miṣbaḥ al-mutahajjid wa silāḥ al-mutaʿabbid. Edited by Ismāʿīl Anṣārī Zanjānī, Prepared by ʿAlī Asghar Marvārīd. Beirut: Fiqh al-Shīʿah, 1411 AH.
  • Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī. Muʿjam al-buldān. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1995.
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