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The House of Lady Khadīja, the Prophet’s wife, in Mecca, was the house where the Prophet of Islam (pbuh) lived after marrying Lady Khadīja until he migrated to Medina. This house was the birthplace of Lady Fatima(s) and other children of Khadīja(s) and many Meccan verses of the Quran were also revealed to the Prophet in that house and also Khadīja died in this house. Since the 6th century, this place has been known in sources as the birthplace of Lady Fatima, the daughter of the Prophet. Since then, there were two domes in this house. One was called Qubbat al-Waḥy and it was built on a room that was considered the place of worship and the place where Gabriel descended on the Prophet. The other dome was built over a room that was said to be the place of worship of lady Fatima(s).

In the 14thAH/20th century AD, after House of Saʿūd conquered Mecca, this house was destroyed and later a building for teaching the Quran was built in its place. During the demolition and excavation of this place with the aim of developing the Grand Mosque in 1410 AH, the remains of the old building of Khadija’s house were found under the soil. This place has disappeared today and its location is in the area of Masjid al-Ḥarām.

location

Lady Khadīja’s house was in Mecca[1]and it was located in the vicinity of Abu Sufyān's house. [2]

This house was the place where the Prophet (pbuh) lived with Lady Khadīja[3] and many Meccan verses of the Qur’an were revealed in this house.[4]Lady Fatima(s) and other children of Lady Khadīja were born in this house.[5] It is also reported that this house is the place of death of Hazrat Khadijah (pbuh) and the Prophet (pbuh) lived in this house after that until he migrated to Madinah.[6]

Names

This house became known as the Dār (house) of Lady Khadīja because of the residence of her and it was also known as the birthplace of Lady Fatima(s) because of the birth of lady Fatimah.[7]

The first descriptions of Khadīja’s house

According to ʿAbulwalīd Azraqī, a historian of the third century, this house was taken over by ʿAqīl b. Abī Ṭālib after the Prophet’s migration to Medina. Muʿāwīyah b. Abī Sufyān bought that house and turned it into a mosque and opened a door to it from his father Abū Sufyān’s house.[8] This house was later called Dār Abī Sufyān[9]Elsewhere, Azraqi says that the house was occupied by Mu'tab, the son of Abu Lahab and the Prophet's cousin, one of the staunch enemies of the Prophet (PBUH) after the migration of the Prophet (PBUH)[10] and the Prophet did not claim the house after the conquest of Mecca.[11]

Ibn Jubir (d. 614 AH) mentioned this house in his travelogue at the end of the 6th century. This house had two domes at that time. One is a larger dome called the Dome of the Revelation, which was the place where the Prophet and Khadīja had lived, and the place where Gabriel descended on the Prophet, and the other is a small dome, where Lady Fatima(s) was born.[12]

Khadīja’s house in the 9th century

Taqi al-Din Fasi (d. 832 AH), the historian of Mecca, gave a detailed description of the building of Khadīja’s house, or according to him “the birthplace of Fatima, and pointed out that this house is considered virtuous by the people and they visit it.[13]

fāsī says this place is more like a mosque because it has a portico with seven arches and eight columns. In the middle of the front wall there are three altars and in front of it is a portico with four arches and five columns. And between these two porches is a courtyard. The other part of the house includes rooms. One is the birthplace of Fatima, the other is the qubba al-waḥy, and the third is the Mukhtabā.[14] Some believe that these rooms are the same area of the old house that was in the time of the Prophet and the mosque part was added to it later. [17fāsī, Shifāʾ al-gharām, vol .1 p.360] The shorter descriptions of other writers are also consistent with Fassi’s description until the eleventh decade. [18. Dār Sayyida Khadīja, p.48] Khadijah’s house in the 13th and 14th centuri In a travelogue from the end of the period of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (1313-1264 AH), it is mentioned in the description of the house of Hazrat Khadijah (pbuh) that it had a marble floor, a dome was on the birthplace of Hazrat Fatima (pbuh) and a room in it called the place of worship of the Prophet (pbuh). It ha b een famous. [19] According to a report in 1265 A.H., in the place of Khadijah's house, a support known as " Takiyeh al-Sida Fatimah" was built for the use of the poor. [20]

In the early 20th century, Mohammad Labib Betnouni (1375 AD) gave a detailed report on the condition of Khadijah's house along with a plan of the house's architecture in his travelogue. His description is as follows

This house is now a little lower than the ground level, which can be reached by a few steps. After entering the door on the left, you will reach a flat space higher than the ground, which is about 30 cm high. The dimensions of this space are about 10 meters long and 4 meters wide, where a home school has been established to teach the Holy Quran to children. On the right side, there is a small door with two steps leading to a narrow space of two meters wide. It has three doors. The door on the left side opens to a room with an area of three meters by three meters, which was the place of worship of the Prophet and the place of revelation... The door that is placed in front of this narrow space leads to a larger space that is 6 meters long. And it is 4 meters wide and opens. This place was the place where the Prophet and his wife Khadijah lived. But the door on the right side opens to a rectangular space 4 meters wide and 5.7 meters long, in the middle of which is a small compartment that is considered the birthplace of Hazrat Fatima. Along the length of this house and in the outer part of this corridor, there is a platform whose level is about one and a half meters higher than the mentioned rooms and its dimensions are 16 meters long and 7 meters wide, which is probably the storage place for Hazrat Khadija’s commercial goods. Is. [21. ‘’Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm,p. Vol 1.p.289.290] Destruction of the houseEdit

The Egyptian writer Muhammad Hasanin Heikal (1376 AH) visited the place of this house in 1354 AH. He writes: Wahhabis have destroyed the place of birth of Hazrat Fatima (PBUH) and now this place is an empty space and there is no trace of it. [23 . Raḥla al-ḥijaziyya’’ p.149] Mohammad Lotfi Juma also confirmed the destruction of the house in his travelogue.[24 ’Fī manzil al-waḥy’’ p. 227.] The construction of a Quranic school in the place of KhanehEdit

In Jumadi al-Awwal 1370, a building was built as a school for the memorization of the Holy Quran on the ground of Hazrat Khadijah’s house. [25. ’Ayyām al-mabrūrra fī al-buqāʿ al-Muqaddasa’’p.78.] Muhammad Tahir Kurdi (d. 1400 AH) also mentioned this foundation. [26 ,’’Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint khūwaylīd , p. 58 . Aʿlām al- ḥijāz fī al-qarn al-rābiʿ al-ʿashar p.85] This mosque It was built by Seyyed Abbas Qattan and it was known as Seyyed Abbas Madrasah in Dar Umm Al Mominin Khadija.[27.Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm p. Vol 1.p.290] Integration in Masjid al-Nabi edit

At the end of the year, in 1410, the Quran preservation building was destroyed to expand the spaces on the eastern side of the shrine. During the demolition operation, they found the remains of old buildings and it turned out that the place where these historical works were found is the house of Hazrat Khadijah (pbuh)[28.’’Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint khūwaylīd p.58]. Khadija prepared pictures and maps and gave a report of her observations in her book Dar al-Saidah Khadija bint Khuwaild.[29.Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint khūwaylīd. P.60. ’’Al-Amākin al-mʾthūrahp.249].

Notes

  1. ↑ Azraqī, Akhbār Makka ,vol. 2, p. 78-87; Yamānī, Sayyida Khadīja bint khūwaylīd, p. 94.
  2. ↑ Azraqī, Akhbār Makka ,vol. 2, p. 199.
  3. ↑ Azraqī, Akhbār Makka ,vol. 2, p. 199.
  4. ↑ al-fāsī, al-Zuhūr al-muqattifa min tārīkh makka al-musharrifa, p. 99.
  5. ↑ Azraqī, Akhbār Makka ,vol. 2, p. 199.
  6. ↑ Azraqī, Akhbār Makka ,vol. 2, p. 199.
  7. ↑ al-fāsī, al-Zuhūr al-muqattifa min tārīkh makka al-musharrifa, p. 99.
  8. ↑ Azraqī, Akhbār Makka, vol. 2, p. 199; Ibn Zahīra, al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf, p. 286; Kurdī,al-Tārīkh al-qawīm, vol. 1, p. 289.
  9. ↑ Kurdī,al-Tārīkh al-qawīm, vol. 1, p. 289.
  10. ↑ Ibn Saʿd,al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā vol. 4, p. 45.
  11. ↑ Azraqī, Akhbār Makka, vol. 2, p. 245.
  12. ↑ Ibn Jubayr, Safarnāma Ibn Jubayr, p. 81-82.
  13. ↑ al-fāsī, al-Zuhūr al-muqattifa min tārīkh makka al-musharrifa, p. 99.
  14. ↑ Fāsī, Shifāʾ al-gharām, vol. 1, p. 360.

references

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Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. Al-Ṭabaqāt * al-kubrā. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭā. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya,1410AH-1990.

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  • •Quarterly magazine of Mīqāt-I Ḥajj. Tehran: Representation of the Leader in matters of Hajj and pilgrimage.
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