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| Fakh is an area in the north of [[Mecca]], near [[Tan'im Mosque]], about four kilometers from [[Masjid al-Haram]].
| | Masjid ‘Askar / Askar Mosque |
| According to Shia jurists, this place is the location where children enter into ihram. The cemetery of the martyrs of Fakh is also located here.
| | The Askar Mosque was one of the historical mosques of Medina, located to the east of the cemetery of the martyrs of Uhud. Its name is most likely due to the Islamic army (Askar) having prayed at this location on the eve of the Battle of Uhud.According to reports, Hazrat Hamza was martyred in the vicinity of this mosque, and the Prophet (PBUH) also prayed there and supplicated for the martyrs. |
| This cemetery is the burial site of Husayn ibn Ali (known as Sahib al-Fakh) and a number of Hasanid nobles who were martyred in the battle against the Abbasids in the year 169 AH at Fakh.
| | Over the course of history, this mosque underwent multiple destructions and reconstructions, and ultimately, in 1405 AH (1985 CE), it was completely demolished, and the Hamza Mosque was built in its place with a new structure. |
| According to historians, the graves of some companions of the Prophet — including Abdullah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab — were also located in this area but were demolished during the Saudi period. | | Name and Location |
| According to some narrations, the Prophet prayed in this place, foretold the martyrdom of one of his descendants, and wept in mourning for him.
| | The Askar Mosque was located to the east of the cemetery of the martyrs of Uhud, and no specific reason has been recorded for the name "Askar."(1) Samhūdī," Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā", vol. 3, p. 207-208. ,,, al-ʿAyāshī, “Al-Madīna bayn al-Māḍī wa al-Ḥāḍir”, p. 536. |
| ==Location==
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| Fakh, or Wādī Zāhir (Zahir Valley),<ref>Fāsī, '' Shifāʾ al-Gharām '', vol. 1, p. 472.
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| It is the name of an area in the north of [[Mecca]], near [[Tan'im Mosque]].
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| This place is located 4 kilometers from al-Masjid al-Ḥarām (the Sacred Mosque).
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| Today, this place is referred to as “Ḥayyu al-Shuhadā’” (the Neighborhood of the Martyrs).
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| The Cemetery of the Martyrs of Fakh
| | According to some researchers, the name "Askar" (in Persian: army) is due to the Islamic army having prayed in this area on the eve of the Battle of Uhud.(2) Samhūdī," Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā", vol. 3, p. 206. |
| In the Fakh area, there is a mountain at the foot of which lies a cemetery known as the Cemetery of the Martyrs of Fakh.(2) Jaʿfarīān, ''Āthār Islāmiyya Makkah wa Madīnah'' , p. 199-200.
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| The martyrs of Fakh were a group of Sādāt Ḥasanī (descendants of Imam Hasan) who were martyred in the battle against the Abbasids in the year 169 AH at this pl According to the latest contemporary sources, this cemetery is relatively spacious but has been divided into three sections due to the road. ace.(3) Ibn Khaldūn, ''Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn'' vol. 5,p. 148.
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| According to the latest contemporary sources, this cemetery is relatively spacious but has been divided into three sections due to the road. Part of it is about two meters above street level, and the main section is enclosed by a courtyard wall with a gate that is always closed. It is said that the grave of Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī (the martyr of Fakh) is located within this walled enclosure.(2) Jaʿfarīān, ''Āthār Islāmiyya Makkah wa Madīnah'' , p. 199-200.
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| According to some reports from the year 1391 SH (2012-2013 CE), the Cemetery of the Martyrs of Fakh was destroyed and turned into a garbage dump.(4) ISNA, news code: 91090602351. | | The mosque was 409 meters from Mount Uhud and 3,710 meters from the Prophet's Mosque(3) ʿ Kaʿkī, “Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-ʿImāra wa al-Tārīkh. Medina”, vol. 2,p. 372. |
| | Background / History |
| | Martyrdom of Hazrat Hamza |
| | According to some reports, after Hazrat Hamza was struck in the midst of the Battle of Uhud, he fell from his horse in the vicinity of this mosque and was martyred.(1) Samhūdī," Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā", vol. 3, p. 207-208. |
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| The Martyr of Fakh | | The Prophet (PBUH) in the vicinity of the mosque |
| Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī ibn Ḥasan al-Muthallath ibn Ḥasan al-Muthannā, son of Imam Hasan al-Mujtaba (peace be upon him), known as Ṣāḥib al-Fakh(5) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 364.
| | Contemporary researchers, based on an old report, believe that the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) likely prayed in the vicinity of this mosque along with the Islamic army on the eve of the Battle of Uhud.(4) ʿ Kaʿkī, “Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-ʿImāra wa al-Tārīkh. Medina”, vol. 2,p. 368. ,,, Samhūdī," Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā", vol. 3, p. 206. |
| He was the leader of a revolt against the Abbasid government, which is referred to as the Incident of Fakh or the Uprising of Fakh(6) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 366-367.
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| Ṣāḥib al-Fakh was martyred on the 8th of Dhul-Hijjah in the year 169 AH (Yawm al-Tarwiyah) in the Fakh region during the battle against the army of Hādī al-‘Abbāsī (reigned 169–170 AH), along with most of his soldiers, including about 100 of the Hasanid descendants(7) ʿ Amīn Āmīlī,, '' A‘yān al-Shīʿa'',vol. 6, p. 97.
| | According to some reports, after the Battle of Uhud, the Prophet (PBUH) prayed at the site of this mosque for Hazrat Hamza and the martyrs of Uhud, and eight years later, to keep their memory alive, he led a prayer for Hamza at this location.(5) ʿ Kaʿkī, “Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-ʿImāra wa al-Tārīkh. Medina”, vol. 2,p. 369,370. ,,, Samhūdī," Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā", vol. 3, p. 206. |
| According to al-Ḥamawī, a 7th-century AH historian, the bodies of the martyrs, after remaining on the ground for three days and being preyed upon by wild animals, were buried in the place now known as the Cemetery of the Martyrs of Fakh.(8) Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, '' Muʿjam al-Buldān'',vol. 4, p. 238.
| | History |
| The Martyr of Fakh, or Ṣāḥib al-Fakh, began his uprising from Medina.(9) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 372.
| | By the 10th century AH, most of the mosque's structure had been destroyed, and in its remains, similarly carved stones were visible.(6) Samhūdī," Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā", vol. 3, p. 207. |
| After taking control of the city, due to the approaching Hajj season, he moved toward Mecca with 300 of his companions and close followers.
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| But upon reaching the Fakh region, he confronted the Abbasid army, commanded by ʿAbbās ibn Muḥammad (a descendant of ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAbbās), and in this battle all of his army were martyred, with only a few captured. Some of his relatives, including his uncle Idrīs ibn ʿAbdullāh, managed to escape Idrīs fled to the Maghreb and established the Idrisid dynasty there.(10) Various Authors, ''Tārīkh al-Tashayyūʿ''. Vol. 1, p. 263.
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| Other Graves
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| It is said that ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb(11) Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-Kubrā'',vol. 4, p. 142.
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| And a number of the ṣaḥābah (companions of the Prophet) are also buried in the Fakh region(12) Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, '' Muʿjam al-Buldān'',vol. 4, p. 238.
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| There is also a report of the burial of ʿAbdullāh ibn Zubayr in Fakh(13) Jaʿfarīān, '',Āthār Islāmiyya Makkah wa Madīnah '', p. 200.
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| Virtue / Merit
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| According to a narration, the Messenger of God (peace be upon him), while traveling from Medina to Mecca, performed ghusl (ritual purification) at Fakh, which was six miles from Mecca [and is now part of the city of Mecca], before entering Mecca.(14) Ḥumayrī, '' al-Rawḍ al-Miʿṭār fī Khabar al-Aqṭār'', p. 436.
| | During the Ottoman period (reign until 1327 AH / 1909 CE), the mosque was described as having a well-constructed building.(7) al-ʿAyāshī, “Al-Madīna bayn al-Māḍī wa al-Ḥāḍir”, p. 536. |
| | In 1405 AH / 1985 CE, the Askar Mosque was completely demolished.(8) ʿ Kaʿkī, “Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-ʿImāra wa al-Tārīkh. Medina”, vol. 2,p. 376. |
| | And the Hamza Mosque was built with a new structure on the site of the Askar Mosque(9) ʿ Kaʿkī, “Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-ʿImāra wa al-Tārīkh. Medina”, vol. 2,p. 368. |
| | Gallery |
| | -An old image of the Hamza Mosque before 1344 AH, showing a part of the Askar Mosque on its right side. |
| | -Image of the Askar Mosque, which was expanded in 1385 AH. |
| | Related Topics |
| | Mosques of Medina |
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| According to another narration, the Prophet (peace be upon him) stood in ṣalāh (prayer) at this place and wept during the prayer The Prophet explained that he wept because one of his descendants would be martyred at this place.(15) ) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 366-367.
| | Cemetery of the Martyrs of Uhud |
| | | Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib Mosque (Medina) |
| | | Battle of Uhud |
| Also, Imam Ja‘far al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him), while passing through this place, foretold the martyrdom of one of his Ahl al-Bayt at this location.(16) ) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 367. , Muḥaddith Qumī, ''Muntahā al-Āmāl'', vol. 1, p. 261.
| | References |
| | | . ʿAbdulʿAzīz Kaʿkī. Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-ʿImāra wa al-Tārīkh. Medina: Nāshir: Muʾallif, 2011 CE. |
| | | .ʿAlī b. ʿAbdallāh al-Samhūdī. Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 2006 CE. |
| Sheikh Tusi, in his book Rijāl, considered Ṣāḥib al-Fakh to be among the companions of Imam Ja‘far al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him(17) Ṭūsī, '' Rijāl al-Ṭūsī'', p. 489.
| | . Sayyid Muḥsin Amīn. Kashf al-Irtiyāb fī ʾAtbāʿ Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb. Qom: Maktabat al-Ḥaramayn, n.d. |
| | | . Sayyid Ibrāhīm al-ʿAyāshī. Al-Madīna bayn al-Māḍī wa al-Ḥāḍir. Medina: Maktabat al-ʿIlmiyya, 1972 CE. |
| It is narrated that Imam Musa al-Kāẓim (peace be upon him) honored the Martyr of Fakh(18) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 380.
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| Miqāt for Children
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| According to Shia jurists, based on narrations, Fakh is considered the miqāt (designated station for entering ihrām) for children.(19) Rūḥānī, '' al-Murtaqā ilā al-Fiqh al-Arqā '', vol. 2, p. 28.
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| In a narration, Imam Ja‘far al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him), in response to the question of where the sewn garments of children could be removed [and where they could be made to enter ihrām], said: “My father, Imam Muhammad al-Bāqir (peace be upon him), would remove the children’s garments at Fakh and make them enter ihrām.”(20) Kulaynī, '' al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 303. , Shaykh Ṣadūq, '' Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh'' , vol. 2, p. 433.
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| Some jurists believe that the guardian of a child can make the child enter ihrām at one of the five designated miqāts on their behalf—by intending on their behalf and reciting the Talbiyah—but the act of removing the child’s garments and putting on the ihrām can be delayed until reaching Fakh.(21) Anṣārī, '' Maʿālim al-Dīn fī Fiqh Āl Yāsīn '' ,vol. 1, p. 230. , Rūḥānī, '' al-Murtaqā ilā al-Fiqh al-Arqā '', vol. 2, p. 28.
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| Most Shia jurists believe that the actual ihrām for children can be performed from Fakh, serving as their designated miqāt.(22) Anṣārī, '' Mawsūʿat Aḥkām al-Aṭfāl wa Adillatuhā'' , vol. 5, p. 282.
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| Of course, this applies to cases other than Ḥajj al-Tamattu
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| Some contemporary jurists, such as Muhammad-Taqi Bahjat, hold that the guardian of a child can make the child enter ihrām at one of the well-known miqāts and may delay the removal of the sewn garments and putting on the ihrām until reaching Fakh.(23) Iftikhārī Golpāygānī, '' Ārāʾ al-Marājiʿ fī al-Ḥajj ʿalā Ḍawʾ Fatāwā al-Imām al-Khomeynī. '', vol. 1, p. 34.
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| Sunni jurists are either opposed to this or remain silent on the matter. However, some of them say that there is no problem in delaying the ihrām of a child until reaching the Ḥaram (the Sacred Mosque) or near it(24) Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr al-Qurṭubī, '' al-Kāfī fī Fiqh Ahl al-Madīnah '',vol. 1, p. 411.
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| "references"
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| . Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makkah wa Madīnah. By Rasūl Jaʿfariyān. Tehran: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1390 SH.
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| . ʾĀrāʾ al-marājiʿ fī al-ḥajj ʿalā ḍawʾ fatāwā al-Imām al-Khumaynī. By ʿAlī Iftikhārī-yi Gulpāyigānī. Tehran: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1428 AH.
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| . Aʿyān al-shīʿah. By Sayyid Muḥsin Amīn al-ʿĀmilī. Edited by Ḥasan Amīn. Beirut: Dār al-Taʿāruf, 1403 AH.
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| Biḥār al-anwār. By Muḥammad Bāqir al-ʿAllāmah al-Majlisī. Tehran: Islāmīyah, n.d.
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| . Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn. By Ibn Khaldūn. Translated by Āyatī. Tehran: Muʾassasah-yi Muṭālaʿāt-i Farhangī, 1363 SH.
| |
| . Tārīkh-i Tashayyuʿ. A group of researchers, under the supervision of Dr. Sayyid Aḥmad Riḍā Khazarī. Qom: Pizhūhishgāh-i Ḥawzah wa Dānishgāh, 1388 SH.
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| . Rijāl al-Ṭūsī. By Muḥammad b. Ḥasan al-Ṭūsī. Edited by Jawād Qayyūmī Iṣfahānī. Qom: Muʾassasah-yi Nashr-i Islāmī, 1427 AH. | |
| . Al-Rawḍ al-miʿṭār fī khabar al-aqṭār. By Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Munʿim al-Ḥimyarī (d. 900 AH). Edited by Iḥsān ʿAbbās. Beirut: Maktabat Lubnān Nāshirūn, 1984 CE.
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| . Shifāʾ al-gharām bi-akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām. By Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Fāsī. Edited by ʿAlī Muḥammad ʿUmar. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfah al-Dīniyyah, 1428 AH. | |
| . Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā. By Ibn Saʿd. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭā. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1410 AH.
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| . Farhang-i Aʿlām-i Jughrāfiyāʾī. By Muḥammad Muḥammad Ḥasan Sharāb. Translated by Ḥamīd Riḍā Shaykhī. Tehran: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1383 SH. | |
| . Al-Kāfī. By Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī (d. 329 AH). Tehran: Islāmīyah, 1362 SH.
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| . Al-Kāfī fī fiqh ahl al-Madīnah. By Yūsuf b. ʿAbd Allāh Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr al-Qurṭubī (d. 463 AH). Edited by Muḥammad Muḥammad Aḥīd. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Riyāḍ al-Jadīdah, 1400 AH.
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| . Al-Murtaqī ilā al-fiqh al-arqā. By Muḥammad Rūḥānī (d. 1418 AH). Tehran: Dār al-Jallī (Muʾassasat al-Jalīl li-l-Taḥqīqāt al-Thaqāfiyyah), 1419 AH.
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| . Maʿālim al-dīn fī fiqh Āl Yāsīn. By Muḥammad b. Shujāʿ al-Anṣārī (Ibn Qaṭṭān, d. 832 AH). Qom: Muʾassasat al-Imām al-Ṣādiq, 1424 AH. | |
| . Muʿjam al-buldan. By Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī (d. 626 AH). Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1995 CE.
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| . Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn. By ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī (d. 356 AH). Edited by Aḥmad Ṣaqr. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Aʿlamī, 1419 AH.
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| . Muntahā al-ʾĀmāl. By Muḥaddith Qummī (d. 1359 AH). Tehran: Kitābfurūshī-yi Islāmīyah, 1379 SH.
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| . Man lā yaḥḍuruhu al-faqīh. By Shaykh al-Ṣadūq (d. 386 AH). Qom: Jāmiʿat al-Mudarrisīn, 1404 AH.
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| . Mawsūʿat Aḥkām al-Aṭfāl wa Adillatihā. By Qudrat Allāh Anṣārī. Qom: Markaz-i Fiqhī-yi Aʾimmat al-Aṭhār (ʿa), 1429 AH.
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Masjid ‘Askar / Askar Mosque
The Askar Mosque was one of the historical mosques of Medina, located to the east of the cemetery of the martyrs of Uhud. Its name is most likely due to the Islamic army (Askar) having prayed at this location on the eve of the Battle of Uhud.According to reports, Hazrat Hamza was martyred in the vicinity of this mosque, and the Prophet (PBUH) also prayed there and supplicated for the martyrs.
Over the course of history, this mosque underwent multiple destructions and reconstructions, and ultimately, in 1405 AH (1985 CE), it was completely demolished, and the Hamza Mosque was built in its place with a new structure.
Name and Location
The Askar Mosque was located to the east of the cemetery of the martyrs of Uhud, and no specific reason has been recorded for the name "Askar."(1) Samhūdī," Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā", vol. 3, p. 207-208. ,,, al-ʿAyāshī, “Al-Madīna bayn al-Māḍī wa al-Ḥāḍir”, p. 536.
According to some researchers, the name "Askar" (in Persian: army) is due to the Islamic army having prayed in this area on the eve of the Battle of Uhud.(2) Samhūdī," Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā", vol. 3, p. 206.
The mosque was 409 meters from Mount Uhud and 3,710 meters from the Prophet's Mosque(3) ʿ Kaʿkī, “Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-ʿImāra wa al-Tārīkh. Medina”, vol. 2,p. 372.
Background / History
Martyrdom of Hazrat Hamza
According to some reports, after Hazrat Hamza was struck in the midst of the Battle of Uhud, he fell from his horse in the vicinity of this mosque and was martyred.(1) Samhūdī," Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā", vol. 3, p. 207-208.
The Prophet (PBUH) in the vicinity of the mosque
Contemporary researchers, based on an old report, believe that the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) likely prayed in the vicinity of this mosque along with the Islamic army on the eve of the Battle of Uhud.(4) ʿ Kaʿkī, “Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-ʿImāra wa al-Tārīkh. Medina”, vol. 2,p. 368. ,,, Samhūdī," Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā", vol. 3, p. 206.
According to some reports, after the Battle of Uhud, the Prophet (PBUH) prayed at the site of this mosque for Hazrat Hamza and the martyrs of Uhud, and eight years later, to keep their memory alive, he led a prayer for Hamza at this location.(5) ʿ Kaʿkī, “Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-ʿImāra wa al-Tārīkh. Medina”, vol. 2,p. 369,370. ,,, Samhūdī," Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā", vol. 3, p. 206.
History
By the 10th century AH, most of the mosque's structure had been destroyed, and in its remains, similarly carved stones were visible.(6) Samhūdī," Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā", vol. 3, p. 207.
During the Ottoman period (reign until 1327 AH / 1909 CE), the mosque was described as having a well-constructed building.(7) al-ʿAyāshī, “Al-Madīna bayn al-Māḍī wa al-Ḥāḍir”, p. 536.
In 1405 AH / 1985 CE, the Askar Mosque was completely demolished.(8) ʿ Kaʿkī, “Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-ʿImāra wa al-Tārīkh. Medina”, vol. 2,p. 376.
And the Hamza Mosque was built with a new structure on the site of the Askar Mosque(9) ʿ Kaʿkī, “Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-ʿImāra wa al-Tārīkh. Medina”, vol. 2,p. 368.
Gallery
-An old image of the Hamza Mosque before 1344 AH, showing a part of the Askar Mosque on its right side.
-Image of the Askar Mosque, which was expanded in 1385 AH.
Related Topics
Mosques of Medina
Cemetery of the Martyrs of Uhud
Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib Mosque (Medina)
Battle of Uhud
References
. ʿAbdulʿAzīz Kaʿkī. Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-ʿImāra wa al-Tārīkh. Medina: Nāshir: Muʾallif, 2011 CE.
.ʿAlī b. ʿAbdallāh al-Samhūdī. Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 2006 CE.
. Sayyid Muḥsin Amīn. Kashf al-Irtiyāb fī ʾAtbāʿ Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb. Qom: Maktabat al-Ḥaramayn, n.d.
. Sayyid Ibrāhīm al-ʿAyāshī. Al-Madīna bayn al-Māḍī wa al-Ḥāḍir. Medina: Maktabat al-ʿIlmiyya, 1972 CE.
