Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a): Difference between revisions

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Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a) (Arabic: {{ia|إمام الحسن المجتبی}}) was the son of Amir al-Muʾminin [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]], the second Imam of the [[Shi'a]] and the fifth caliph of the Muslims. He is described as the one who most resembled [[the Prophet (s)]], a devout worshipper and ascetic, and it is reported that several times in his life he gave away all or half of his wealth in charity. After the martyrdom of Imam 'Ali (a), he assumed the caliphate by the people's allegiance, but in 41/661, due to divisions in his army, he was compelled to accept peace with [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]], who claimed the caliphate and had advanced with a large army from Syria toward Iraq.

'''Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a)''' (Arabic: {{ia|إمام الحسن المجتبی}}) was the son of Amir al-Muʾminin [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]], the second Imam of the [[Shi'a]] and the fifth caliph of the Muslims. He is described as the one who most resembled [[the Prophet (s)]], a devout worshipper and ascetic, and it is reported that several times in his life he gave away all or half of his wealth in charity. After the martyrdom of Imam 'Ali (a), he assumed the caliphate by the people's allegiance, but in 41/661, due to divisions in his army, he was compelled to accept peace with [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]], who claimed the caliphate and had advanced with a large army from Syria toward Iraq.

He is reported to have gone on hajj several times on foot. After his martyrdom, his body was buried in the [[cemetery of al-Baqi']], beside [[Fatima bt. Asad]]. Later, [[Imam 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a)]] and [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] were also buried there, and a magnificent dome was eventually built over their graves.

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Imam al-Hasan (a) was laid to rest in the al-Baqi cemetery, near his grandmother [[Fatimah bt. Asad]] and the Prophet’s uncle [['Abbas b. 'Abd al-MutTalib|'Abbas]]. Later, a dome was erected over their resting places along with those of [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] and [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]], described as the tallest structure in Medina.<ref> Ibn Jubayr, Rihlah, p. 155; Madinah Shinasi, p. 326; al-Iqd al-Thamin, vol. 3, p. 396.</ref> In 495/1101-02, [[Majd al-Mulk al-Baravistani]], vizier of the Seljuk ruler Barkiyaruq, sent an architect from Qom to build the dome over Imam al-Hasan’s shrine.<ref> al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, vol. 10, p. 352.</ref> This dome was destroyed on the 8th of Shawwal, 1343/1925, by Saudi Wahhabi forces.<ref> Tarikh Haram Aimmat al-Baqi wa Athar Ukhra fi Madinah al-Munawwarah, p. 51.</ref>

==Notes==

==References==

* Al-Aʾimma al-ithnā ʿashar: Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Ṭūlūn (d. 953 AH), ed. Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn al-Munajjid, Qom, al-Raḍī.

* Al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl: Aḥmad b. Dāwūd al-Dīnawarī (d. 282 AH), ed. ʿAbd al-Munʿim ʿĀmir, Qom, al-Raḍī, 1412 AH.

* Al-Amālī: al-Ṣadūq (d. 381 AH), Qom, al-Biʿtha, 1417 AH.

* Al-Badʾ wa al-taʾrīkh: al-Muṭahhar b. Ṭāhir al-Maqdisī (d. 355 AH), Beirut, Dār Ṣādir, 1903 CE.

* al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya: Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar b. Kathīr (d. 774 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1407 AH.

* Al-Durūs al-Sharʿiyya: al-Shahīd al-Awwal (d. 786 AH), Qom, Nashr Islāmī, 1412 AH.

* Al-Futūḥ: Aḥmad b. Aʿtham al-Kūfī (d. 314 AH), ed. ʿAlī Shīrī, Beirut, Dār al-Aḍwāʾ, 1411 AH.

* Al-Imāma wa l-siyāsa: Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī (d. 276 AH), ed. Ṭāhā Muḥammad al-Zaynī, Muʾassisat al-Ḥalabī.

* Al-Irshād: al-Mufīd (d. 413 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Mufīd, 1414 AH.

* Al-Jamal wa al-Nuṣra li-Sayyid al-ʿItra: al-Mufīd (d. 413 AH), Qom, Maktabat al-Dāwarī.

* Ansāb al-ashrāf: al-Balādhurī (d. 279 AH), ed. Muḥammad Ḥamīd Allāh, Egypt, Dār al-Taʿāruf, 1959 CE.

* Biḥār al-anwār: Muḥammad Taqī al-Majlisī (d. 1110 AH), Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.

* ʿIlal al-sharāʾiʿ: Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. Bābawayh al-Ṣadūq (d. 381 AH), ed. Baḥr al-ʿUlūm, Najaf, al-Maktaba al-Ḥaydarīyya, 1385 AH.

* Iʿlām al-warā: al-Ṭabrisī (d. 548 AH), Qom, Āl al-Bayt:, 1417 AH.

* Sharḥ nahj al-balāgha: Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd (d. 656 AH), ed. Muḥammad Abū l-Faḍl, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Kutub al-ʿArabiyya, 1378 AH.

* Tahdhīb al-aḥkām: al-Ṭūsī (d. 460 AH), ed. Mūsawī and Ākhūndī, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1365 SH.

* Tārīkh-i ḥaram-i Aʾimma-yi Baqīʿ (a) wa āthār-i dīgar dar Madīna al-munawwara: Muḥammad Ṣādiq Najmī, Tehran, Mashʿar, 1386 Sh.

* Tarjima al-Imām al-Ḥasan min al-ṭabaqāt al-kubrā: Ibn Saʿd (d. 230 AH), ed. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Qom, Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt:, 1416 AH.

* ʿUddat al-dāʿī wa najāḥ al-sāʿī: Ibn Fahd al-Ḥillī (d. 841 AH), ed. Aḥmad Muwaḥḥid Qumī, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmī.

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-Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a) (Arabic: {{ia|إمام الحسن المجتبی}}) was the son of Amir al-Muʾminin [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]], the second Imam of the [[Shi'a]] and the fifth caliph of the Muslims. He is described as the one who most resembled [[the Prophet (s)]], a devout worshipper and ascetic, and it is reported that several times in his life he gave away all or half of his wealth in charity. After the martyrdom of Imam 'Ali (a), he assumed the caliphate by the people's allegiance, but in 41/661, due to divisions in his army, he was compelled to accept peace with [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]], who claimed the caliphate and had advanced with a large army from Syria toward Iraq.
+'''Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a)''' (Arabic: {{ia|إمام الحسن المجتبی}}) was the son of Amir al-Muʾminin [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]], the second Imam of the [[Shi'a]] and the fifth caliph of the Muslims. He is described as the one who most resembled [[the Prophet (s)]], a devout worshipper and ascetic, and it is reported that several times in his life he gave away all or half of his wealth in charity. After the martyrdom of Imam 'Ali (a), he assumed the caliphate by the people's allegiance, but in 41/661, due to divisions in his army, he was compelled to accept peace with [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]], who claimed the caliphate and had advanced with a large army from Syria toward Iraq.
 He is reported to have gone on hajj several times on foot. After his martyrdom, his body was buried in the [[cemetery of al-Baqi']], beside [[Fatima bt. Asad]]. Later, [[Imam 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a)]] and [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] were also buried there, and a magnificent dome was eventually built over their graves.
@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 Imam al-Hasan (a) was laid to rest in the al-Baqi cemetery, near his grandmother [[Fatimah bt. Asad]] and the Prophet’s uncle [['Abbas b. 'Abd al-MutTalib|'Abbas]]. Later, a dome was erected over their resting places along with those of [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] and [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]], described as the tallest structure in Medina.<ref> Ibn Jubayr, Rihlah, p. 155; Madinah Shinasi, p. 326; al-Iqd al-Thamin, vol. 3, p. 396.</ref> In 495/1101-02, [[Majd al-Mulk al-Baravistani]], vizier of the Seljuk ruler Barkiyaruq, sent an architect from Qom to build the dome over Imam al-Hasan’s shrine.<ref> al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, vol. 10, p. 352.</ref> This dome was destroyed on the 8th of Shawwal, 1343/1925, by Saudi Wahhabi forces.<ref> Tarikh Haram Aimmat al-Baqi wa Athar Ukhra fi Madinah al-Munawwarah, p. 51.</ref>
+==Notes==
+{{notes}}
+==References==
+{{ref}}
+* Al-Aʾimma al-ithnā ʿashar: Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Ṭūlūn (d. 953 AH), ed. Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn al-Munajjid, Qom, al-Raḍī.
+* Al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl: Aḥmad b. Dāwūd al-Dīnawarī (d. 282 AH), ed. ʿAbd al-Munʿim ʿĀmir, Qom, al-Raḍī, 1412 AH.
+* Al-Amālī: al-Ṣadūq (d. 381 AH), Qom, al-Biʿtha, 1417 AH.
+* Al-Badʾ wa al-taʾrīkh: al-Muṭahhar b. Ṭāhir al-Maqdisī (d. 355 AH), Beirut, Dār Ṣādir, 1903 CE.
+* al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya: Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar b. Kathīr (d. 774 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1407 AH.
+* Al-Durūs al-Sharʿiyya: al-Shahīd al-Awwal (d. 786 AH), Qom, Nashr Islāmī, 1412 AH.
+* Al-Futūḥ: Aḥmad b. Aʿtham al-Kūfī (d. 314 AH), ed. ʿAlī Shīrī, Beirut, Dār al-Aḍwāʾ, 1411 AH.
+* Al-Imāma wa l-siyāsa: Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī (d. 276 AH), ed. Ṭāhā Muḥammad al-Zaynī, Muʾassisat al-Ḥalabī.
+* Al-Irshād: al-Mufīd (d. 413 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Mufīd, 1414 AH.
+* Al-Jamal wa al-Nuṣra li-Sayyid al-ʿItra: al-Mufīd (d. 413 AH), Qom, Maktabat al-Dāwarī.
+* Ansāb al-ashrāf: al-Balādhurī (d. 279 AH), ed. Muḥammad Ḥamīd Allāh, Egypt, Dār al-Taʿāruf, 1959 CE.
+* Biḥār al-anwār: Muḥammad Taqī al-Majlisī (d. 1110 AH), Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
+* ʿIlal al-sharāʾiʿ: Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. Bābawayh al-Ṣadūq (d. 381 AH), ed. Baḥr al-ʿUlūm, Najaf, al-Maktaba al-Ḥaydarīyya, 1385 AH.
+* Iʿlām al-warā: al-Ṭabrisī (d. 548 AH), Qom, Āl al-Bayt:, 1417 AH.
+* Sharḥ nahj al-balāgha: Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd (d. 656 AH), ed. Muḥammad Abū l-Faḍl, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Kutub al-ʿArabiyya, 1378 AH.
+* Tahdhīb al-aḥkām: al-Ṭūsī (d. 460 AH), ed. Mūsawī and Ākhūndī, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1365 SH.
+* Tārīkh-i ḥaram-i Aʾimma-yi Baqīʿ (a) wa āthār-i dīgar dar Madīna al-munawwara: Muḥammad Ṣādiq Najmī, Tehran, Mashʿar, 1386 Sh.
+* Tarjima al-Imām al-Ḥasan min al-ṭabaqāt al-kubrā: Ibn Saʿd (d. 230 AH), ed. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Qom, Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt:, 1416 AH.
+* ʿUddat al-dāʿī wa najāḥ al-sāʿī: Ibn Fahd al-Ḥillī (d. 841 AH), ed. Aḥmad Muwaḥḥid Qumī, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmī.
+{{end}}