Imam Hasan al-Askari (a): Difference between revisions
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He was given the title "al-'Askari" because [[al-Mutawakkil]] housed him in the military district of Samarra.<ref>Ibn Khallikān. ''Wafayāt al-Aʿyān'', vol. 2, p. 94; ''Mawsūʿat al-Imām al-ʿAskarī'', vol. 1, p. 38.</ref> Additionally, he was known as "Ibn al-Rida," a title also attributed to his father, Imam al-Hadi (a), and his grandfather, [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]], due to their lineage from Imam al-Rida (a).<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Kamāl al-dīn wa tamām al-niʿma''. p. 41, Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', Vol. 3, p. 523.</ref> Other titles recorded for him in historical sources include al-Khalis, al-Khass, al-Siraj, al-Samit, al-Zaki, and al-Taqi.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Dalāʾil al-imāma'', pp. 423–424; Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib''. Vol. 3, p. 523.</ref> | He was given the title "al-'Askari" because [[al-Mutawakkil]] housed him in the military district of Samarra.<ref>Ibn Khallikān. ''Wafayāt al-Aʿyān'', vol. 2, p. 94; ''Mawsūʿat al-Imām al-ʿAskarī'', vol. 1, p. 38.</ref> Additionally, he was known as "Ibn al-Rida," a title also attributed to his father, Imam al-Hadi (a), and his grandfather, [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]], due to their lineage from Imam al-Rida (a).<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Kamāl al-dīn wa tamām al-niʿma''. p. 41, Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', Vol. 3, p. 523.</ref> Other titles recorded for him in historical sources include al-Khalis, al-Khass, al-Siraj, al-Samit, al-Zaki, and al-Taqi.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Dalāʾil al-imāma'', pp. 423–424; Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib''. Vol. 3, p. 523.</ref> | ||
Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari’s wife was [[Narjis | Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari’s wife was [[Narjis]], and their only son was [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]].<ref>Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Ḥusaynī, ''Al-Tatimma fī tawārīkh al-aʾimma'', p. 143;Shūshtarī, ''Rāḥat al-arwāḥ'', p. 267.</ref> However, some historians have mentioned other children for him.<ref>Maṣʿūdī, ''Tārīkh al-aʾimma'', p. 22.</ref> | ||
===Martyrdom=== | ===Martyrdom=== | ||
{{Main| Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn}} | {{Main| Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn}} | ||
Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a) was martyred at the age of 28 on the 8th of Rabi al-Awwal in 260/1th January 874, poisoned under the orders of the Abbasid caliph [[al-Mu'tamid]]. He was buried next to his father, Imam al-Hadi (a), in Samarra. This sacred site is known as the Shrine of the Two Askari Imams (al-'Askariyain).<ref>Ṭūsī, Al-Ghayba, p. 219; Mufīd, Al-Irshād, p. 323; ''Ṭabrisī, Iʿlām al-warā'', p. 131.</ref> | Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a) was martyred at the age of 28 on the 8th of Rabi al-Awwal in 260/1th January 874, poisoned under the orders of the Abbasid caliph [[al-Mu'tamid]]. He was buried next to his father, Imam al-Hadi (a), in Samarra. This sacred site is known as the Shrine of the Two al-'Askari Imams (al-'Askariyain).<ref>Ṭūsī, Al-Ghayba, p. 219; Mufīd, Al-Irshād, p. 323; ''Ṭabrisī, Iʿlām al-warā'', p. 131.</ref> | ||
The burial place of Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a), alongside his father, remains a revered shrine and pilgrimage destination, famously referred to as the [[Shrine of | The burial place of Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a), alongside his father, remains a revered shrine and pilgrimage destination, famously referred to as the [[Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn]].<ref>Qazwīnī, ''Maʾāthir al-kubrā'', Vol. 1, p. 315.</ref> | ||
== | ==Imamate== | ||
Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a) spent 23 years alongside his father, Imam al-Hadi (a), and, following his father’s martyrdom, became his successor at the age of 22, as per Imam al-Hadi’s will.<ref>Mufīd, ''Al-Irshād'', pp. 313–315; Ṭabrisī, ''Iʿlām al-warā bi-aʿlām al-hudā'', pp. 131–133; Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', Vol. 3, pp. 523–524.</ref> His period of Imamate lasted six years (254–260 | Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a) spent 23 years alongside his father, Imam al-Hadi (a), and, following his father’s martyrdom, became his successor at the age of 22, as per Imam al-Hadi’s will.<ref>Mufīd, ''Al-Irshād'', pp. 313–315; Ṭabrisī, ''Iʿlām al-warā bi-aʿlām al-hudā'', pp. 131–133; Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', Vol. 3, pp. 523–524.</ref> His period of Imamate lasted six years (254–260/846-874).<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Ghayba'', pp. 120–122.</ref> | ||
Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari’s Imamate coincided with the reigns of three Abbasid caliphs: al-Mu'tazz (252–255 | Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari’s Imamate coincided with the reigns of three Abbasid caliphs: al-Mu'tazz (r. 252–255/866-868), al-Muhtadi (r. 255–256/868-869), and al-Mu'tamid (r. 256–279/869-892).<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Dalāʾil al-imāma'' p. 423; Ṭabrisī, ''Iʿlām al-warā'', p. 349; Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', Vol. 3, p. 523.</ref> During al-Mu'tazz’s rule, the Imam was imprisoned, and an attempt was made on his life, but al-Mu'tazz was killed by Turkish forces before he could carry it out.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Ghayba'', p. 208.</ref> The harassment and imprisonment of the Imam continued during the reigns of al-Muhtadi<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Ghayba'', p. 205.</ref> and al-Mu'tamid.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Ghayba'', p. 219; Mufīd, ''Al-Irshād'', p. 323; Ṭabrisī, ''Iʿlām al-warā'', p. 131.</ref> | ||
Despite the Abbasid authorities’ strict surveillance over the Imam's residence, many of his followers, including narrators, representatives, and companions, maintained contact with him. Notable among them were Ibrahim | Despite the Abbasid authorities’ strict surveillance over the Imam's residence, many of his followers, including narrators, representatives, and companions, maintained contact with him. Notable among them were [[Ibrahim b. Mahziyar]], [[Abd al-'Azim al-Hasani]], [['Uthman b. Sa’id al-'Amri]], and [[Fadl b. Shadhan al-Nishaburi]].<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Rijāl al-Ṭūsī'', pp. 397–400.</ref> | ||
===Books Attributed to Imam al-'Askari=== | ===Books Attributed to Imam al-'Askari=== | ||
Among Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari’s cultural contributions are several works attributed to him, including: | Among Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari’s cultural contributions are several works attributed to him, including: | ||
*Kitab al-Manqaba | *''Kitab al-Manqaba'' | ||
*Masa'il Abi Muhammad al-Hasan al-'Askari | *''Masa'il Abi Muhammad al-Hasan al-'Askari'' | ||
*Tawqi'at al-Imam al-'Askari | *''Tawqi'at al-Imam al-'Askari'' | ||
*Tafsir attributed to Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari<ref>Arbalī, ''Kashf al-ghumma'', pp. 208–210. | *''Tafsir'' attributed to Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari<ref>Arbalī, ''Kashf al-ghumma'', pp. 208–210. | ||
</ref> | </ref> | ||
Additionally, many supplications ( | Additionally, many supplications (du'as) from the Imam are preserved in various sources.<ref>Arbalī, Kashf al-ghumma. p. 211.</ref> | ||
==Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari and Hajj== | ==Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari and Hajj== | ||
There are no conclusive reports of Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari performing [[hajj]]. He is widely considered the only Imam who could not perform the pilgrimage due to his house arrest in [[Samarra]]. However, some sources mention narrations from the Imam in [[Mecca]],<ref>Ṣadr, ''Al-Anbiyāʾ wa al-aʾimma'', p. 466.</ref> and a report by al-Baladhuri indicates his presence there.<ref>Arbalī, ''Kashf al-ghumma'', Vol. 3, p. 198.</ref> | |||
There are no conclusive reports of Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari performing [[ | |||
===Sending His Family to Mecca=== | ===Sending His Family to Mecca=== | ||
It is said that shortly before his passing, Imam al-'Askari sent his mother and his son, [[Imam Mahdi (a)]], to perform [[ | It is said that shortly before his passing, Imam al-'Askari sent his mother and his son, [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]], to perform [[hajj]].<ref>Masʿūdī, Ithbāt al-waṣiyya, p. 255.</ref> They traveled under the protection of Ahmad b. Muhammad b. al-Mutahhar, a close companion of the eleventh Imam. Following the pilgrimage, it is believed they moved to [[Medina]], possibly as a place of concealment for Imam al-Mahdi (a).<ref>Ṣadr, ''Tārīkh al-siyāsī li-ghaybat al-Imām al-thānī ʿashar (ʿaj)'', p. 124.</ref> | ||
===Narrations About Hajj=== | ===Narrations About Hajj=== | ||
The Imam provided various narrations related to | The Imam provided various narrations related to hajj, including rulings and spiritual insights. For instance, Muhammad b. al-Mutahhar narrated a tradition regarding [[al-hajj al-badhli]] (performing hajj on behalf of another).<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Musnad al-Imām al-ʿAskarī'', p. 252.</ref> The Imam also conveyed a narration about the philosophy and meanings behind the phrases of [[talbiya]].<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruhu al-faqīh'', Vol. 2, pp. 327–328; Ṣadūq, ''ʿIlal al-sharāʾiʿ'', p. 417.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
{{Notes}} | {{Notes}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{References}} | {{References}} | ||
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*Ṭūsī, Shaykh al-. ''Rijāl al-Ṭūsī (al-Abwāb)''. Edited by Jawād al-Qayyūmī al-Iṣfahānī. Qom: al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1415 AH. | *Ṭūsī, Shaykh al-. ''Rijāl al-Ṭūsī (al-Abwāb)''. Edited by Jawād al-Qayyūmī al-Iṣfahānī. Qom: al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1415 AH. | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
[[fa: امام حسن عسکری(ع)]] | [[fa: امام حسن عسکری(ع)]] | ||