Imam Hasan al-Askari (a): Difference between revisions

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'''Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a)''', (Arabic: {{ia|إمام الحسن العسكري}}) the eleventh Imam of [[Shia]] Muslims and the father of [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]], was born in 232/846 in [[Medina]]. During his childhood, he was forced to accompany his father to [[Samarra]],[[Iraq]], by the Abbasid caliph. He lived there under Abbasid surveillance until his martyrdom in 260/874. He was buried alongside his father, [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]], in Samarra, at a site known today as [[the Shrine al-'Askariyyayn]].

There is no reported account of Imam al-Hasan al-Askari (a) performing the [[hajj]]. Narrations from Imam al-'Askari regarding hajj and the philosophy of the '[[talbiya]]' and its expressions have been recorded. In addition to the tafsir (exegesis) of the Qur'an attributed to him, supplications from him have also been recorded in the sources.

There is no reported account of Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a) performing the [[hajj]]. Narrations from Imam al-'Askari regarding hajj and the philosophy of the '[[talbiya]]' and its expressions have been recorded. In addition to the tafsir (exegesis) of the Qur'an attributed to him, supplications from him have also been recorded in the sources.

==Biography==

Hasan ~~ibn~~ Ali ~~ibn~~ Muhammad (a), commonly known as Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (AS), was the eleventh Imam of the Twelve Imams in Shia Islam. His father was [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]], and his mother was a ~~noblewoman from Nubia~~.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Ithbāt al-~~Waṣiyya~~'', p. 244. </ref> According to widely accepted accounts, he was born on the 8th of Rabi al-Thani in 232 AH/2th December 846 in [[Medina]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Dalāʾil al-Imāma'', p. 423; Ibn Shahrāshūb. ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 3, p. 523.</ref>

Al-Hasan b. 'Ali b. Muhammad (a), commonly known as Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a), was the eleventh Imam of the Twelve Imams in Shia Islam. His father was [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]], and his mother was a Nubian concubine.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Ithbāt al-waṣiyya'', p. 244.</ref> According to widely accepted accounts, he was born on the 8th of Rabi al-Thani in 232/2th December 846 in [[Medina]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Dalāʾil al-Imāma'', p. 423; Ibn Shahrāshūb. ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 3, p. 523.</ref>

At the age of four, in 236 AH/850 AD, or possibly in 233 AH/847 AD<ref>Ashʿarī al-Qummī, ''al-Maqālāt wa-l-Firaq'', p. 100.</ref>, he accompanied his father to Samarra after the Abbasid caliph Mutawakkil detained his father. Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a) remained in [[Samarra]] until the end of his life.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Ithbāt al-~~Waṣiyya~~'', p. 243-4.</ref>

At the age of four, in 236/850, or possibly in 233/847<ref>Ashʿarī al-Qummī, ''al-Maqālāt wa-l-Firaq'', p. 100.</ref>, he accompanied his father to Samarra after the Abbasid caliph al-Mutawakkil detained his father. Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a) remained in [[Samarra]] until the end of his life.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Ithbāt al-waṣiyya'', p. 243-4.</ref>

He was given the title "al-'Askari" because [[Mutawakkil]] housed him in the military district of Samarra.<ref>Ibn Khallikān. ''Wafayāt al-Aʿyān'', vol. 2, p. 94.

He was given the title "al-'Askari" because [[al-Mutawakkil]] housed him in the military district of Samarra.<ref>Ibn Khallikān. ''Wafayāt al-Aʿyān'', vol. 2, p. 94; ''Mawsūʿat al-Imām al-ʿAskarī'', vol. 1, p. 38.</ref> Additionally, he was known as "Ibn al-Rida," a title also attributed to his father, Imam al-Hadi (a), and his grandfather, [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]], due to their lineage from Imam al-Rida (a).<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Kamāl al-dīn wa tamām al-niʿma''. p. 41, Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', Vol. 3, p. 523.</ref> Other titles recorded for him in historical sources include al-Khalis, al-Khass, al-Siraj, al-Samit, al-Zaki, and al-Taqi.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Dalāʾil al-imāma'', pp. 423–424; Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib''. Vol. 3, p. 523.</ref>

~~Muʾassasat Walī al-ʿAṣr,~~ ''Mawsūʿat al-Imām al-ʿAskarī'', vol. 1, p. 38.</ref>Additionally, he was known as "Ibn al-~~Ridha~~," a title also attributed to his father, Imam al-Hadi (a), and his grandfather, [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]], due to their lineage from Imam al-~~Ridha~~ (a).<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Kamāl al-dīn wa tamām al-niʿma''. p. 41, Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', Vol. 3, p. 523.</ref> Other titles recorded for him in historical sources include ~~Khālis~~, ~~Khāṣṣ~~, ~~Sirāj~~, ~~Ṣāmit~~, ~~Zakī~~, and ~~Taqī~~.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Dalāʾil al-imāma'', pp. 423–424; Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib''. Vol. 3, p. 523.</ref>

Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari’s wife was [[Narjis Khatun]], and their only son was [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]].<ref>Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Ḥusaynī, ''Al-Tatimma fī tawārīkh al-aʾimma'', p. 143;Shūshtarī, ''Rāḥat al-arwāḥ'', p. 267.</ref> However, some historians have mentioned other children for him.<ref>Maṣʿūdī, ''Tārīkh al-aʾimma'', p. 22.</ref>

Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari’s wife was [[Lady Narjis Khatun]], and their only son was [[Imam Mahdi (a)]]<ref>Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Ḥusaynī, ''Al-Tatimma fī tawārīkh al-aʾimma'', p. 143;Shūshtarī, ''Rāḥat al-arwāḥ'', p. 267.</ref>. However, some historians have mentioned the possibility of other children attributed to him.<ref>Maṣʿūdī, ''Tārīkh al-aʾimma'', p. 22.</ref>

===Martyrdom===

Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (AS) was martyred at the age of 28 on the 8th of Rabi al-Awwal in 260 AH/ 1th January 874 AD, poisoned under the orders of the Abbasid caliph [[al-Mu'tamid]]. He was buried next to his father, Imam al-Hadi (a), in Samarra. This sacred site is known as the Shrine of the Two Askari Imams (al-'Askariyain).<ref>Ṭūsī, Al-Ghayba, p. 219; Mufīd, Al-Irshād, p. 323; ''Ṭabrisī, Iʿlām al-warā'', p. 131.</ref>

Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a) was martyred at the age of 28 on the 8th of Rabi al-Awwal in 260/1th January 874, poisoned under the orders of the Abbasid caliph [[al-Mu'tamid]]. He was buried next to his father, Imam al-Hadi (a), in Samarra. This sacred site is known as the Shrine of the Two Askari Imams (al-'Askariyain).<ref>Ṭūsī, Al-Ghayba, p. 219; Mufīd, Al-Irshād, p. 323; ''Ṭabrisī, Iʿlām al-warā'', p. 131.</ref>

The burial place of Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a), alongside his father, remains a revered shrine and pilgrimage destination, famously referred to as the [[Shrine of the Two Askari Imams]].<ref>Qazwīnī, ''Maʾāthir al-kubrā'', Vol. 1, p. 315.</ref>

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*Maḥallātī, Dhabīḥ Allāh. ''Maʾāthir al-Kubrāʾ fī Tārīkh Sāmarrāʾ''. Qom: al-Maktaba al-Ḥaydariyya, 1384 Sh/1426 AH.

*Majlisī. ''Biḥār al-Anwār''. Edited by Sayyid Ḥasan al-Mūsawī al-Khurāsān. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.

*Masʿūdī, Abū al-Ḥasan. ''Ithbāt al-~~Waṣiyya~~ li-l-Imām ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib''. Qom: Anṣārīyān, 1423 AH.

*Masʿūdī, Abū al-Ḥasan. ''Ithbāt al-waṣiyya li-l-Imām ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib''. Qom: Anṣārīyān, 1423 AH.

*''Mawsūʿat al-Imām al-ʿAskarī''. Edited by Sayyid Muḥammad al-Ḥusaynī al-Qazwīnī and others. Qom: Muʾassasat Walī al-ʿAṣr, 1426 AH.

*Mufīd. ''al-Irshād''. Beirut: Dār al-Mufīd, 1414 AH.

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 '''Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a)''', (Arabic: {{ia|إمام الحسن العسكري}}) the eleventh Imam of [[Shia]] Muslims and the father of [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]], was born in 232/846 in [[Medina]]. During his childhood, he was forced to accompany his father to [[Samarra]],[[Iraq]], by the Abbasid caliph. He lived there under Abbasid surveillance until his martyrdom in 260/874. He was buried alongside his father, [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]], in Samarra, at a site known today as [[the Shrine al-'Askariyyayn]].
-There is no reported account of Imam al-Hasan al-Askari (a) performing the [[hajj]]. Narrations from Imam al-'Askari regarding hajj and the philosophy of the '[[talbiya]]' and its expressions have been recorded. In addition to the tafsir (exegesis) of the Qur'an attributed to him, supplications from him have also been recorded in the sources.
+There is no reported account of Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a) performing the [[hajj]]. Narrations from Imam al-'Askari regarding hajj and the philosophy of the '[[talbiya]]' and its expressions have been recorded. In addition to the tafsir (exegesis) of the Qur'an attributed to him, supplications from him have also been recorded in the sources.
 ==Biography==
-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Muhammad (a), commonly known as Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (AS), was the eleventh Imam of the Twelve Imams in Shia Islam. His father was [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]], and his mother was a noblewoman from Nubia.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Ithbāt al-Waṣiyya'', p. 244.  </ref> According to widely accepted accounts, he was born on the 8th of Rabi al-Thani in 232 AH/2th December 846  in [[Medina]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Dalāʾil al-Imāma'', p. 423; Ibn Shahrāshūb. ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 3, p. 523.</ref>
+Al-Hasan b. 'Ali b. Muhammad (a), commonly known as Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a), was the eleventh Imam of the Twelve Imams in Shia Islam. His father was [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]], and his mother was a Nubian concubine.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Ithbāt al-waṣiyya'', p. 244.</ref> According to widely accepted accounts, he was born on the 8th of Rabi al-Thani in 232/2th December 846 in [[Medina]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Dalāʾil al-Imāma'', p. 423; Ibn Shahrāshūb. ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 3, p. 523.</ref>
-At the age of four, in 236 AH/850 AD, or possibly in 233 AH/847 AD<ref>Ashʿarī al-Qummī, ''al-Maqālāt wa-l-Firaq'', p. 100.</ref>, he accompanied his father to Samarra after the Abbasid caliph Mutawakkil detained his father. Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a) remained in [[Samarra]] until the end of his life.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Ithbāt al-Waṣiyya'', p. 243-4.</ref>
+At the age of four, in 236/850, or possibly in 233/847<ref>Ashʿarī al-Qummī, ''al-Maqālāt wa-l-Firaq'', p. 100.</ref>, he accompanied his father to Samarra after the Abbasid caliph al-Mutawakkil detained his father. Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a) remained in [[Samarra]] until the end of his life.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Ithbāt al-waṣiyya'', p. 243-4.</ref>
-He was given the title "al-'Askari" because [[Mutawakkil]] housed him in the military district of Samarra.<ref>Ibn Khallikān. ''Wafayāt al-Aʿyān'', vol. 2, p. 94.
+He was given the title "al-'Askari" because [[al-Mutawakkil]] housed him in the military district of Samarra.<ref>Ibn Khallikān. ''Wafayāt al-Aʿyān'', vol. 2, p. 94; ''Mawsūʿat al-Imām al-ʿAskarī'', vol. 1, p. 38.</ref> Additionally, he was known as "Ibn al-Rida," a title also attributed to his father, Imam al-Hadi (a), and his grandfather, [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]], due to their lineage from Imam al-Rida (a).<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Kamāl al-dīn wa tamām al-niʿma''. p. 41, Ibn Shahrāshūb,  ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', Vol. 3, p. 523.</ref> Other titles recorded for him in historical sources include al-Khalis, al-Khass, al-Siraj, al-Samit, al-Zaki, and al-Taqi.<ref>Ṭabarī,  ''Dalāʾil al-imāma'', pp. 423–424; Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib''. Vol. 3, p. 523.</ref>
-Muʾassasat Walī al-ʿAṣr, ''Mawsūʿat al-Imām al-ʿAskarī'', vol. 1, p. 38.</ref>Additionally, he was known as "Ibn al-Ridha," a title also attributed to his father, Imam al-Hadi (a), and his grandfather, [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]], due to their lineage from Imam al-Ridha (a).<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Kamāl al-dīn wa tamām al-niʿma''. p. 41, Ibn Shahrāshūb,  ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', Vol. 3, p. 523.</ref> Other titles recorded for him in historical sources include Khālis, Khāṣṣ, Sirāj, Ṣāmit, Zakī, and Taqī.<ref>Ṭabarī,  ''Dalāʾil al-imāma'', pp. 423–424; Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib''. Vol. 3, p. 523.</ref>
+Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari’s wife was [[Narjis Khatun]], and their only son was [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]].<ref>Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Ḥusaynī, ''Al-Tatimma fī tawārīkh al-aʾimma'', p. 143;Shūshtarī, ''Rāḥat al-arwāḥ'', p. 267.</ref> However, some historians have mentioned other children for him.<ref>Maṣʿūdī, ''Tārīkh al-aʾimma'', p. 22.</ref>
-Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari’s wife was [[Lady Narjis Khatun]], and their only son was [[Imam Mahdi (a)]]<ref>Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Ḥusaynī, ''Al-Tatimma fī tawārīkh al-aʾimma'', p. 143;Shūshtarī, ''Rāḥat al-arwāḥ'', p. 267.</ref>. However, some historians have mentioned the possibility of other children attributed to him.<ref>Maṣʿūdī, ''Tārīkh al-aʾimma'', p. 22.</ref>
 ===Martyrdom===
-{{Main| Shrine of the Two Askari Imams}}
+{{Main| Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn}}
-Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (AS) was martyred at the age of 28 on the 8th of Rabi al-Awwal in 260 AH/ 1th January 874 AD, poisoned under the orders of the Abbasid caliph [[al-Mu'tamid]]. He was buried next to his father, Imam al-Hadi (a), in Samarra. This sacred site is known as the Shrine of the Two Askari Imams (al-'Askariyain).<ref>Ṭūsī, Al-Ghayba, p. 219; Mufīd,  Al-Irshād, p. 323; ''Ṭabrisī, Iʿlām al-warā'', p. 131.</ref>
+Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a) was martyred at the age of 28 on the 8th of Rabi al-Awwal in 260/1th January 874, poisoned under the orders of the Abbasid caliph [[al-Mu'tamid]]. He was buried next to his father, Imam al-Hadi (a), in Samarra. This sacred site is known as the Shrine of the Two Askari Imams (al-'Askariyain).<ref>Ṭūsī, Al-Ghayba, p. 219; Mufīd,  Al-Irshād, p. 323; ''Ṭabrisī, Iʿlām al-warā'', p. 131.</ref>
 The burial place of Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a), alongside his father, remains a revered shrine and pilgrimage destination, famously referred to as the [[Shrine of the Two Askari Imams]].<ref>Qazwīnī, ''Maʾāthir al-kubrā'', Vol. 1, p. 315.</ref>
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 *Maḥallātī, Dhabīḥ Allāh. ''Maʾāthir al-Kubrāʾ fī Tārīkh Sāmarrāʾ''. Qom: al-Maktaba al-Ḥaydariyya, 1384 Sh/1426 AH.
 *Majlisī. ''Biḥār al-Anwār''. Edited by Sayyid Ḥasan al-Mūsawī al-Khurāsān. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
-*Masʿūdī, Abū al-Ḥasan. ''Ithbāt al-Waṣiyya li-l-Imām ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib''. Qom: Anṣārīyān, 1423 AH.
+*Masʿūdī, Abū al-Ḥasan. ''Ithbāt al-waṣiyya li-l-Imām ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib''. Qom: Anṣārīyān, 1423 AH.
 *''Mawsūʿat al-Imām al-ʿAskarī''. Edited by Sayyid Muḥammad al-Ḥusaynī al-Qazwīnī and others. Qom: Muʾassasat Walī al-ʿAṣr, 1426 AH.
 *Mufīd. ''al-Irshād''. Beirut: Dār al-Mufīd, 1414 AH.