Muzdalifa: Difference between revisions

From WikiHaj
VisualWikitext
m (Protected "Muzdalifa" ([Edit=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [Move=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)))
No edit summary
Line 5: Line 5:
  | image link =  
  | image link =  
  | image description =  
  | image description =  
  | other names = [[Jamʿ]], [[Quzah]] and [[Mashʿar al-Haram]]   
  | other names = [[Jam']], [[Quzah]] and [[al-Mash'ar al-Haram]]   
  | place = [[Mecca]], Between [[Mina]] and [['Arafat]], at a distance of 6 kilometers from Arafat, and 8 kilometers southeast of [[Masjid al-Haram]]
  | place = [[Mecca]], Between [[Mina]] and [['Arafat]], at a distance of 6 kilometers from Arafat, and 8 kilometers southeast of [[al-Masjid al-Haram]]
  | usage = Pilgrim's staying place on the 10th night [[Dhu al-Hijja]]
  | usage = Pilgrim's staying place on the 10th night [[Dhu al-Hijja]]
  | religious affiliation =  
  | religious affiliation =  
Line 54: Line 54:
  | map description =  
  | map description =  
}}
}}
'''Muzdalifa''' (means: approaching) is the name of a place near [[Mecca]] where pilgrims must have [[Wuquf at al-Mash'ar|wuquf]] after the night journey from [['Arafat|Arafat]]. The reason for this name is that people enter this area at night. Another name of this place is "Jamʿ"(means: gathering). Because pilgrims gather there. This point is the same [[Mashʿar al-Haram]] mentioned in the Qur'an.


Muzdalifa, with an area of about 9.63 square kilometers, is located between [[Mina]] and [['Arafat]], which is limited to [[Wadi al-Maʾzamayn]] and [[al-Hiyaz]]. Standing in Muzdalifa on [[the 10th night of Dhu l-Hijja]] is one of the [[obligations of Hajj]].
'''Muzdalifa''' (Arabic: {{ia|مزدلفة}}, approaching) is a location near [[Mecca]] where hajj pilgrims must perform the ritual of [[Wuquf at al-Mash'ar|wuquf]] after their nighttime journey from [[Arafat]]. Its name, "Muzdalifa," means "approaching" or "meeting place," reflecting its role as a gathering point for pilgrims. It's also known as "Jam'" meaning "gathering." This sacred site is the same [[al-Mash'ar al-Haram]] mentioned in the Quran.
 
Muzdalifa, a 9.63 square kilometer area, is situated between [[Mina]] and [['Arafat]], bordered by Wadi al-Ma’zamayn and al-Hiyaz. Staying in Muzdalifa on the [[10th night of Dhu al-Hijja]] is a mandatory part of the hajj pilgrimage.  
 
==Meaning==
==Meaning==
Muzdalifa is the active noun from "Izdilaf(ازدلاف)" which means to approach;  The arabic phrase "Izdalaf Al-Qawm(ازدلف القوم)"; That is, when he made the people close. "Izdilaf(ازدلاف)" also means gathering, because people gather there.<ref>Ṭurayḥī, ''Majmaʿ al-baḥrayn'', vol. 5, p. 68.</ref>
Muzdalifa is derived from the Arabic infinitive "izdilaf" ({{ia|ازدلاف}}), meaning "to approach" or "to draw near." The phrase "izdalaf-a al-qawm" ({{ia|ازدلف القوم}}) translates to "the people approached" or "the people gathered." Thus, the name Muzdalifa signifies the gathering of pilgrims at this location.<ref>Ṭurayḥī, ''Majma' al-baḥrayn'', vol. 5, p. 68.</ref>
 
Among the other names of Muzdalifa are [[Jam']](means: gathering)<ref>Ṭurayḥī, ''Majma' al-baḥrayn'', vol. 2, p. 186.</ref>, [[Quzah]]<ref>Ni'matī, ''Qāmūs al-ḥaramayn al-sharīfayn'', p. 86.</ref> and [[Mash'ar al-Haram]]<ref>Ni'matī, ''Qāmūs al-ḥaramayn al-sharīfayn'', p. 204.</ref>. It has been said that applying the name of Mash'ar to Muzdalifa is virtual, which means that Muzdalifa is actually a part of the land of Mash'ar and within its boundaries; But it is also called Mash'ar.<ref>Al-Jawāhirī, [https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/127756/%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%b2%d8%af%d9%84%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%85%d9%86%db%8c حدود عرفات، مزدلفة، منی]The boundaries of 'Arafat, Muzdalifa, Mina, p. 157-158.</ref>
 
 
It has other names as well:
* Al-Jam' ({{ia|الجَمْع}}) signifying "gathering"<ref>Ṭurayḥī, ''Majma' al-baḥrayn'', vol. 2, p. 186.</ref>
* Al-Quzah ({{ia|القُزَح}})<ref>Ni'matī, ''Qāmūs al-ḥaramayn al-sharīfayn'', p. 86.</ref>
* Al-Mash'ar al-Haram ({{ia|المشعر الحرام}})<ref>Ni'matī, ''Qāmūs al-ḥaramayn al-sharīfayn'', p. 204.</ref> Scholars debate whether Muzdalifa itself is literally the al-Mash'ar al-Haram or a part of its broader territory.<ref>Al-Jawāhirī, [https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/127756/%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%b2%d8%af%d9%84%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%85%d9%86%db%8c حدود عرفات، مزدلفة، منی]The boundaries of 'Arafat, Muzdalifa, Mina, p. 157-158.</ref>


Among the other names of Muzdalifa are [[Jamʿ]](means: gathering)<ref>Ṭurayḥī, ''Majmaʿ al-baḥrayn'', vol. 2, p. 186.</ref>, [[Quzah]]<ref>Niʿmatī, ''Qāmūs al-ḥaramayn al-sharīfayn'', p. 86.</ref> and [[Mashʿar al-Haram]]<ref>Niʿmatī, ''Qāmūs al-ḥaramayn al-sharīfayn'', p. 204.</ref>. It has been said that applying the name of Mashʿar to Muzdalifa is virtual, which means that Muzdalifa is actually a part of the land of Mashʿar and within its boundaries; But it is also called Mashʿar.<ref>Al-Jawāhirī, [https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/127756/%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%b2%d8%af%d9%84%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%85%d9%86%db%8c حدود عرفات، مزدلفة، منی]The boundaries of ʿArafat, Muzdalifa, Mina, p. 157-158.</ref>
==Location==
==Location==
Muzdalifa is located between [[Mina]] and [['Arafat]], and [[Wadi al-Mohassir]](Arabc: وادی محَسِّر) is located between Mina and Muzdalifa.<ref>ʿAṭṭār, ''Qāmūs al-ḥaj wa al-ʿUmra'', p. 204.</ref> The distance between Muzdalifa and 'Arafat is 6 km, and its distance from the southeast of [[Masjid al-haram|Masjid al-Haram]] is 8 km. The area of this region is about 9.63 square kilometers.[[file:تابلوی شروع محدوده مزدلفه.jpg|300 px|thumbnail|right| The sign of starting Muzdalifa's boundary]]
[[file:تابلوی شروع محدوده مزدلفه.jpg|300 px|thumbnail|right| The sign of starting Muzdalifa's boundary]]


This area is limited on one side to "[[Maʾzamayn]](مأزَمَین)" valley and on the other side to "wadi al-Muhassir" and "Hiyyad". By passing through Wadi Maʾzamayn, Haji reaches Muzdalifa or the land of [[Mashʿar al-Haram]].<ref>Murwārīd, ''Yanābīʿ al-fighīyya'', vol. 7, p. 198.</ref>
Muzdalifa is situated between [[Mina]] and [['Arafat]], and the valley of Wadi l-Mohassir (Arabc: {{ia|وادی المحَسِّر}}) lies between Mina and Muzdalifa.<ref>'Aṭṭār, ''Qāmūs al-ḥaj wa al-'Umra'', p. 204.</ref> The distance between Muzdalifa and 'Arafat is approximately 6 kilometers, while it is 8 kilometers from the southeast of the [[al-Masjid al-Haram]]. The total area of Muzdalifa is roughly 9.63 square kilometers.
 
This area is limited on one side to "[[Maʾzamayn]](مأزَمَین)" valley and on the other side to "wadi al-Muhassir" and "Hiyyad". By passing through Wadi Maʾzamayn, Haji reaches Muzdalifa or the land of [[Mash'ar al-Haram]].<ref>Murwārīd, ''Yanābī' al-fighīyya'', vol. 7, p. 198.</ref>
 
Muzdalifa is bordered on one side by the valley of [[Ma'zamayn]] ({{ia|مأزَمَین}}) and on the other by Wadi l-Muhassir and Hiyad. Pilgrims reach Muzdalifa, also known as the al-Mash'ar al-Haram, by passing through Wadi Maʾzamayn.


==Rulings==
==Rulings==
{{main|Wuquf at al-Mash'ar}}
{{main|Wuquf at al-Mash'ar}}
Waqf (means:standing) in Muzdalifa is obligatory on the [[10th night of Dhu-l Hijja]] and one of basic principles of [[Hajj]] according to all Islamic schools of thought; But there is a difference of opinion in the amount and the time of Wuquf(standing).<ref>Qāḍī ʿAskar, Ḥajj dar andīsha-yi islāmī, p. 288; Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i Ḥajj'', p. 62; ʿAṭṭār, ''Qāmūs al-ḥaj wa al-ʿUmra'', p. 252.</ref>
 
===Shia's view===
Wuquf (standing) in Muzdalifa is a mandatory pillar of the hajj pilgrimage, performed on the [[10th night of Dhu al-Hijjah]]. This is a consensus among all Islamic sects. However, there are varying opinions regarding the duration and specific timing of the wuquf.<ref>Qāḍī 'Askar, Ḥajj dar andīsha-yi islāmī, p. 288; Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i Ḥajj'', p. 62; 'Aṭṭār, ''Qāmūs al-ḥaj wa al-'Umra'', p. 252.</ref>
The Shia jurists are mostly of the opinion that the Hajji reached Masha'ar at any hour from the 10th of the night, until dawn with the intention of obeying God and staying there, then from dawn to sunrise with the pure intention of hypocrisy and showing off, he should make a [[Wuquf at al-Mash'ar|wuquf]] and It is recommended to move towards [[Mina]] a little before sunrise, but don't cross [[Wadi Muhassir]] until the sun rises.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i Ḥajj'', p. 62.</ref>
 
===Sunni's view===
===Shia's View===
Abu Hanifah mentions the time of wuquf from dawn to sunrise, and Malik believes that it is sufficient for a pilgrim to make a wuquf any time during the night of [[Eid al-Adha]] and before dawn. According to Shafi'i, standing at any moment after midnight of Eid al-Adha is sufficient.<ref>ʿAṭṭār, ''Qāmūs al-ḥaj wa al-ʿUmra'', p. 252.</ref>
According to Shia jurists, hajj pilgrims should reach al-Mash'ar al-Haram (Muzdalifa) anytime between the 10th night of Dhu al-Hijjah and dawn with the intention of fulfilling their religious duty. Staying in al-Mash'ar al-Haram until sunrise with a pure intention of worship is considered valid. It is recommended to begin the journey towards Mina shortly before sunrise, avoiding crossing Wadi l-Muhassir until the sun rises.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i Ḥajj'', p. 62.</ref>
 
===Sunni's View===
Abu Hanifah mentions the time of wuquf from dawn to sunrise, and Malik believes that it is sufficient for a pilgrim to make a wuquf any time during the night of [[Eid al-Adha]] and before dawn. According to al-Shafi'i, staying at any moment after midnight of Eid al-Adha is sufficient.<ref>'Aṭṭār, ''Qāmūs al-ḥaj wa al-'Umra'', p. 252.</ref>
 
==boundaries==
==boundaries==
The length of Muzdalifa is 3,812 meters from the beginning of Mazamin (gorge between Muzdalifa and [[ʿArafa]]) to the beginning of Wadi Muhassir.<ref>Ṣabrī Pāshā, ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn'', vol. 1, p. 341.</ref> It is 20,507 cubits from the wall of the [[Bani Shayba Gate]] next to [[Al-Masjid al-Haram|Masjid al-Haram]] to the border of Muzdalifa from the Mina side.<ref>Fāsī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām'', vol. 1, p. 505, 507.</ref>
The length of Muzdalifa is 3,812 meters from the beginning of Mazamin (gorge between Muzdalifa and [['Arafa]]) to the beginning of Wadi Muhassir.<ref>Ṣabrī Pāshā, ''Mawsū'a mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn'', vol. 1, p. 341.</ref> It is 20,507 cubits from the wall of the [[Bani Shayba Gate]] next to [[Al-Masjid al-Haram|Masjid al-Haram]] to the border of Muzdalifa from the Mina side.<ref>Fāsī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām'', vol. 1, p. 505, 507.</ref>
The boundaries of Muzdalifa are marked with large signs, and with the words "the beginning of Muzdalifa(Arabic: بداية مزدلفه)" or "the end of Muzdalifa(Arabic: نهاية مزدلفه)", you can know its limits.
The boundaries of Muzdalifa are marked with large signs, and with the words "the beginning of Muzdalifa(Arabic: بداية مزدلفه)" or "the end of Muzdalifa(Arabic: نهاية مزدلفه)", you can know its limits.
==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 80: Line 97:
==References==
==References==
{{References}}
{{References}}
*Al-Jawāhirī, Ḥasan Muḥammad Taqī. [https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/127756/%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%b2%d8%af%d9%84%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%85%d9%86%db%8c ''حدود عرفات، مزدلفة، منی''] (Translation: The boundaries of ʿArafat, Muzdalifa, Mina). Miqāt al-ḥajj magazine, 1415 AH.
*Al-Jawāhirī, Ḥasan Muḥammad Taqī. [https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/127756/%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%b2%d8%af%d9%84%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%85%d9%86%db%8c ''حدود عرفات، مزدلفة، منی''] (Translation: The boundaries of 'Arafat, Muzdalifa, Mina). Miqāt al-ḥajj magazine, 1415 AH.
*ʿAṭṭār, Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Qafūr. ''Qāmūs al-ḥaj wa al-ʿUmra''. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm li-l-Malāyyīn, 1979.
*'Aṭṭār, Aḥmad 'Abd al-Qafūr. ''Qāmūs al-ḥaj wa al-'Umra''. Beirut: Dār al-'Ilm li-l-Malāyyīn, 1979.
*Fallāḥzāda, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i Ḥajj''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1389 sh.
*Fallāḥzāda, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i Ḥajj''. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1389 sh.
*Fāsī al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām''. Translated by Muḥammad Muqaddas. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386 sh.
*Fāsī al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām''. Translated by Muḥammad Muqaddas. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1386 sh.
*Murwārīd,ʿAlī Aṣghar. ''Yanābīʿ al-fighīyya''. Beirut:[n.p], 1410 AH.
*Murwārīd,'Alī Aṣghar. ''Yanābī' al-fighīyya''. Beirut:[n.p], 1410 AH.
*Niʿmatī, Muḥammad Riḍā.''Qāmūs al-ḥaramayn al-sharīfayn''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1418 AH.
*Ni'matī, Muḥammad Riḍā.''Qāmūs al-ḥaramayn al-sharīfayn''. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1418 AH.
*Qāḍīʿskar, ʿAlī. Ḥajj dar andīshi-yi islāmī. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1384 sh.
*Qāḍī'skar, 'Alī. Ḥajj dar andīshi-yi islāmī. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1384 sh.
*Ṣabrī Pāshā, Ayyūb. ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn''. Translated by ʿAbd al-Rasūl Munshī. Tehran: Markaz-i Pazhūhishī Mīrāth-i Maktūb, 1382 sh.
*Ṣabrī Pāshā, Ayyūb. ''Mawsū'a mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn''. Translated by 'Abd al-Rasūl Munshī. Tehran: Markaz-i Pazhūhishī Mīrāth-i Maktūb, 1382 sh.
*Ṭurayḥī, Fakhr al-Dīn b. Muḥammad al-. ''Majmaʿ al-baḥrayn''. Edited by Sayyid Aḥmad Ḥusaynī. Tehran: al-Maktaba al-Murtaḍawīyya, 1375 Sh.
*Ṭurayḥī, Fakhr al-Dīn b. Muḥammad al-. ''Majma' al-baḥrayn''. Edited by Sayyid Aḥmad Ḥusaynī. Tehran: al-Maktaba al-Murtaḍawīyya, 1375 Sh.
{{end}}
{{end}}
[[fa:مزدلفه]]
[[fa:مزدلفه]]

Revision as of 19:57, 30 September 2024

Muzdalifa
Template:Px
General Information
Other NamesJam', Quzah and al-Mash'ar al-Haram
PlaceMecca, Between Mina and 'Arafat, at a distance of 6 kilometers from Arafat, and 8 kilometers southeast of al-Masjid al-Haram
UsagePilgrim's staying place on the 10th night Dhu al-Hijja
Current State
9.63 square kilometers
StatusActive

Muzdalifa (Arabic: مزدلفة, approaching) is a location near Mecca where hajj pilgrims must perform the ritual of wuquf after their nighttime journey from Arafat. Its name, "Muzdalifa," means "approaching" or "meeting place," reflecting its role as a gathering point for pilgrims. It's also known as "Jam'" meaning "gathering." This sacred site is the same al-Mash'ar al-Haram mentioned in the Quran.

Muzdalifa, a 9.63 square kilometer area, is situated between Mina and 'Arafat, bordered by Wadi al-Ma’zamayn and al-Hiyaz. Staying in Muzdalifa on the 10th night of Dhu al-Hijja is a mandatory part of the hajj pilgrimage.

Meaning

Muzdalifa is derived from the Arabic infinitive "izdilaf" (ازدلاف), meaning "to approach" or "to draw near." The phrase "izdalaf-a al-qawm" (ازدلف القوم) translates to "the people approached" or "the people gathered." Thus, the name Muzdalifa signifies the gathering of pilgrims at this location.[1]

Among the other names of Muzdalifa are Jam'(means: gathering)[2], Quzah[3] and Mash'ar al-Haram[4]. It has been said that applying the name of Mash'ar to Muzdalifa is virtual, which means that Muzdalifa is actually a part of the land of Mash'ar and within its boundaries; But it is also called Mash'ar.[5]


It has other names as well:

  • Al-Jam' (الجَمْع) signifying "gathering"[6]
  • Al-Quzah (القُزَح)[7]
  • Al-Mash'ar al-Haram (المشعر الحرام)[8] Scholars debate whether Muzdalifa itself is literally the al-Mash'ar al-Haram or a part of its broader territory.[9]

Location

The sign of starting Muzdalifa's boundary

Muzdalifa is situated between Mina and 'Arafat, and the valley of Wadi l-Mohassir (Arabc: وادی المحَسِّر) lies between Mina and Muzdalifa.[10] The distance between Muzdalifa and 'Arafat is approximately 6 kilometers, while it is 8 kilometers from the southeast of the al-Masjid al-Haram. The total area of Muzdalifa is roughly 9.63 square kilometers.

This area is limited on one side to "Maʾzamayn(مأزَمَین)" valley and on the other side to "wadi al-Muhassir" and "Hiyyad". By passing through Wadi Maʾzamayn, Haji reaches Muzdalifa or the land of Mash'ar al-Haram.[11]

Muzdalifa is bordered on one side by the valley of Ma'zamayn (مأزَمَین) and on the other by Wadi l-Muhassir and Hiyad. Pilgrims reach Muzdalifa, also known as the al-Mash'ar al-Haram, by passing through Wadi Maʾzamayn.

Rulings

Main article: Wuquf at al-Mash'ar

Wuquf (standing) in Muzdalifa is a mandatory pillar of the hajj pilgrimage, performed on the 10th night of Dhu al-Hijjah. This is a consensus among all Islamic sects. However, there are varying opinions regarding the duration and specific timing of the wuquf.[12]

Shia's View

According to Shia jurists, hajj pilgrims should reach al-Mash'ar al-Haram (Muzdalifa) anytime between the 10th night of Dhu al-Hijjah and dawn with the intention of fulfilling their religious duty. Staying in al-Mash'ar al-Haram until sunrise with a pure intention of worship is considered valid. It is recommended to begin the journey towards Mina shortly before sunrise, avoiding crossing Wadi l-Muhassir until the sun rises.[13]

Sunni's View

Abu Hanifah mentions the time of wuquf from dawn to sunrise, and Malik believes that it is sufficient for a pilgrim to make a wuquf any time during the night of Eid al-Adha and before dawn. According to al-Shafi'i, staying at any moment after midnight of Eid al-Adha is sufficient.[14]

boundaries

The length of Muzdalifa is 3,812 meters from the beginning of Mazamin (gorge between Muzdalifa and 'Arafa) to the beginning of Wadi Muhassir.[15] It is 20,507 cubits from the wall of the Bani Shayba Gate next to Masjid al-Haram to the border of Muzdalifa from the Mina side.[16] The boundaries of Muzdalifa are marked with large signs, and with the words "the beginning of Muzdalifa(Arabic: بداية مزدلفه)" or "the end of Muzdalifa(Arabic: نهاية مزدلفه)", you can know its limits.

Notes

  1. ↑ Ṭurayḥī, Majma' al-baḥrayn, vol. 5, p. 68.
  2. ↑ Ṭurayḥī, Majma' al-baḥrayn, vol. 2, p. 186.
  3. ↑ Ni'matī, Qāmūs al-ḥaramayn al-sharīfayn, p. 86.
  4. ↑ Ni'matī, Qāmūs al-ḥaramayn al-sharīfayn, p. 204.
  5. ↑ Al-Jawāhirī, حدود عرفات، مزدلفة، منیThe boundaries of 'Arafat, Muzdalifa, Mina, p. 157-158.
  6. ↑ Ṭurayḥī, Majma' al-baḥrayn, vol. 2, p. 186.
  7. ↑ Ni'matī, Qāmūs al-ḥaramayn al-sharīfayn, p. 86.
  8. ↑ Ni'matī, Qāmūs al-ḥaramayn al-sharīfayn, p. 204.
  9. ↑ Al-Jawāhirī, حدود عرفات، مزدلفة، منیThe boundaries of 'Arafat, Muzdalifa, Mina, p. 157-158.
  10. ↑ 'Aṭṭār, Qāmūs al-ḥaj wa al-'Umra, p. 204.
  11. ↑ Murwārīd, Yanābī' al-fighīyya, vol. 7, p. 198.
  12. ↑ Qāḍī 'Askar, Ḥajj dar andīsha-yi islāmī, p. 288; Fallāḥzāda, Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i Ḥajj, p. 62; 'Aṭṭār, Qāmūs al-ḥaj wa al-'Umra, p. 252.
  13. ↑ Fallāḥzāda, Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i Ḥajj, p. 62.
  14. ↑ 'Aṭṭār, Qāmūs al-ḥaj wa al-'Umra, p. 252.
  15. ↑ Ṣabrī Pāshā, Mawsū'a mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, vol. 1, p. 341.
  16. ↑ Fāsī, Shifāʾ al-gharām, vol. 1, p. 505, 507.

References

  • Al-Jawāhirī, Ḥasan Muḥammad Taqī. حدود عرفات، مزدلفة، منی (Translation: The boundaries of 'Arafat, Muzdalifa, Mina). Miqāt al-ḥajj magazine, 1415 AH.
  • 'Aṭṭār, Aḥmad 'Abd al-Qafūr. Qāmūs al-ḥaj wa al-'Umra. Beirut: Dār al-'Ilm li-l-Malāyyīn, 1979.
  • Fallāḥzāda, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i Ḥajj. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1389 sh.
  • Fāsī al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām. Translated by Muḥammad Muqaddas. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1386 sh.
  • Murwārīd,'Alī Aṣghar. Yanābī' al-fighīyya. Beirut:[n.p], 1410 AH.
  • Ni'matī, Muḥammad Riḍā.Qāmūs al-ḥaramayn al-sharīfayn. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1418 AH.
  • Qāḍī'skar, 'Alī. Ḥajj dar andīshi-yi islāmī. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1384 sh.
  • Ṣabrī Pāshā, Ayyūb. Mawsū'a mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn. Translated by 'Abd al-Rasūl Munshī. Tehran: Markaz-i Pazhūhishī Mīrāth-i Maktūb, 1382 sh.
  • Ṭurayḥī, Fakhr al-Dīn b. Muḥammad al-. Majma' al-baḥrayn. Edited by Sayyid Aḥmad Ḥusaynī. Tehran: al-Maktaba al-Murtaḍawīyya, 1375 Sh.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikihaj.com/index.php?title=Muzdalifa&oldid=3133"