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'''Al-Rāyah Mosque''' (Arabic: مسجد الرایه) (Means: Flag Mosque), also known as Al-Dhubāb Mosque and Qarin Mosque, is a mosque located in the north of [[Medina]] on top of [[Mount Dhubab]].
'''Al-Rāyah Mosque''' (Arabic: مسجد الرایه) (Means: Flag Mosque), also known as Al-Dhubāb Mosque and Qarin Mosque, is a mosque located in the north of [[Medina]] on top of [[Mount Dhubab]].
During the Battle of Ahzab, a tent was erected for the Prophet (s) on top of Mount Dhubab where he prayed. Afterward, Muslims constructed the Al-Rayah Mosque to honor and commemorate this location.
 
During the [[Battle of Ahzab]], a tent was erected for the Prophet (s) on top of Mount Dhubab where he prayed. Later, Muslims built the Al-Rayah Mosque to commemorate this place.
==Location==
==Location==


The Dhabab Mosque is situated on the right side of Uthman ibn Affan Street, <ref>Kaʿakī, ''Maʿālim al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah Bayna al-ʿAmārah wa al-Tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 160,164.</ref>  
Dhubab Mosque is located to the northwest of the [[Masjid al-nabi]]<ref>ʿAbd al-Ghanī, '' Masājid al-Ātharīyah'', p. 80.</ref>
It is situated on the small Mount Dhubab, on the right side of Uthman b. Affan Street.<ref>ʿAbd al-Ghanī, '' Masājid al-Ātharīyah'', p. 80.</ref>
It is situated on the small Mount Dhubab, on the right side of Uthman b. Affan Street.<ref>Kaʿakī, ''Maʿālim al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah Bayna al-ʿAmārah wa al-Tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 160,164.</ref>  
This mountain is to the east of [[Mount Sala']] and near [[Thaniyat al-Wada']].<ref>ʿIyāshī, '' Al-Riḥlah al-ʿIyāshīyah'', vol. 1, p.  396.</ref>
This mountain is situated east of the [[Sal'a]] mountain and near the [[Thaniyya Al-Wada]] area. .<ref>ʿIyāshī, '' Al-Riḥlah al-ʿIyāshīyah'', vol. 1, p.  396.</ref>


===Current Status===
===Current Status===
The entrance of Al-Rayah Mosque is located on the (south), the side which facing the Qibla.<ref>Kaʿakī, ''Maʿālim al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah Bayna al-ʿAmārah wa al-Tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 168.</ref> The mosque has a simple appearance and does not have a minaret or prominent verses or inscriptions inside or outside of it.<ref>Kaʿakī, ''Maʿālim al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah Bayna al-ʿAmārah wa al-Tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 172.</ref>
The entrance to Al-Rayah Mosque is on the qibla and the south side. <ref>Kaʿakī, ''Maʿālim al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah Bayna al-ʿAmārah wa al-Tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 168.</ref> The mosque has a simple appearance and does not have any minaret or prominent verses or designs inside or outside. <ref>Kaʿakī, ''Maʿālim al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah Bayna al-ʿAmārah wa al-Tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 172.</ref>
By the end of 2022, the mosque underwent reconstruction, transforming its look from white to a light stone color, and by the end of 2023, the neighboring houses were demolished.<ref>[https://www.spa.gov.sa/N2064796 Website of Saudi Press Agency (SPA)]</ref>
In late 2022, the mosque underwent reconstruction, resulting in a transformation of its appearance from a white color to a more traditional stone-like style. However, by the end of 2023, the surrounding houses have been demolished. <ref>[https://www.spa.gov.sa/N2064796 Website of Saudi Press Agency (SPA)]</ref>




==Background==
During the [[Battle of Ahzab]] (in the fifth year of the Hijra) and while digging the trench around Medina, a tent was set up for the Prophet (s) to provide relief and oversee the excavation work. It was in this tent that the Prophet (s) would perform his prayers.<ref>Samhūdī, '' Wafāʾ al-Wafā bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafá '', vol. 3, p. 201.</ref>
==Names==
It appears that the reason for naming this mosque as Masjid al-Rayah (Flag Mosque) is that the flag of the supporters was raised in this location during the Battle of [[Harrah]](63 AH). <ref>Samhūdī, '' Wafāʾ al-Wafā bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafá '', vol. 3, p. 204.</ref>
It is also possible that this name is due to the placement of the flag of Islam on this mountain during the Battle of Khandaq (The Trench).<ref>Shanqīṭī, ''  Al-Durr al-Thamīn fī Maʿālim Dār al-Rasūl al-Amīn '' , p. 71. </ref>
Furthermore, it has been stated that Dhubab was the name of a man who was hanged by [[Marwan ibn Hakam]] on top of this mosque. <ref>Namīrī, "Tārīkh al-Madīnah Munawwarah", p. 262.</ref>
Another name for this mosque is "Qarin Mosque".<ref>ʿAbd al-Ghanī, '' Masājid al-Ātharīyah'', p. 80.</ref>
==History==
==History==
During the [[Battle of the Ahzab]](5 AH/627) and while digging the trench around Medina, a tent was erected for [[Prophet Muhammad (s)|the Prophet (s)]] at this location to rest and oversee the trench digging activities. The Prophet (s) also prayed there.<ref>Samhūdī, '' Wafāʾ al-Wafā bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafá '', vol. 3, p. 201.</ref>
According to one of evidences, Masjid Al-Rayah was first built during the reign of Umar ibn Abdul Aziz in Medina. <ref> al-Samhūdī, '' Wafāʾ al-Wafā bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafá '', vol. 3, p. 202.</ref>
==Names==
The mosque building had been destroyed during a period before the 9th century AH, and around 845 AH/1441-2, it was reconstructed by Amir Janbak al-Nayruzi.<ref>Anṣārī, ''Āthār al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah'', p. 129.</ref>
Apparently, the reason for naming this mosque Al-Rayah Mosque is that the flag of the Prophet's companion, [[Muslim b. Uqbah]], was raised at this location during the [[Battle of Harrah]] (63 AH/683).<ref>Samhūdī, '' Wafāʾ al-Wafā bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafá '', vol. 3, p. 204.</ref>
In addition, several Saudi historians have seen and described this mosque at different times. Abdul Qudous Ansari (died 1403 AH) saw the mosque in the late 14th century and found that the length and width of the building was 4 meters and the height was 6 meters. Ansari believed that the stone construction of the mosque was similar to its 9th-century construction.<ref>Anṣārī, ''Āthār al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah'', p. 129.</ref>
It is also possible that this name is due to the placement of the Islamic flag on this mountain during the Battle of the Ahzab.<ref>Shanqīṭī, ''  Al-Durr al-Thamīn fī Maʿālim Dār al-Rasūl al-Amīn '' , p. 71. </ref>
Shanqiti (died 1393 AH) also described the mosque as an outdated stone building from 1405. According to him, the mosque has only one main room and a courtyard without doors.<ref>Shanqīṭī, ''  Al-Durr al-Thamīn fī Maʿālim Dār al-Rasūl al-Amīn '' , p. 172.</ref>
It has also been said that Dhu'bab was the name of a man whom [[Marwan b. Hakam]] hanged on top of this mosque.<ref>Namīrī, "Tārīkh al-Madīnah Munawwarah", p. 262.</ref>
Elias Abdul Ghani describes in al-Athriya mosque that the interior and exterior of the building were painted in 1418 AH and had a roofed prayer hall, which extends the space of the mosque, where the five prayers are held.<ref>ʿAbd al-Ghanī, '' Masājid al-Ātharīyah'', p. 80.</ref>
Another name for it is "Qarin Mosque".<ref>ʿAbd al-Ghanī, '' Masājid al-Ātharīyah'', p. 80.</ref>
In his book published in 2011, the contemporary researcher Kaki states that the mosque remains the same as described by Ansari. However, Kaki has reported the reconstruction of the mosque during the Al Saud era.<ref>Kaʿakī, ''Maʿālim al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah Bayna al-ʿAmārah wa al-Tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 166.</ref>
==Building History==
According to evidence, the Al-Rayah Mosque was first built during the time of Umar ibn Abdul Aziz's governance over Medina.(12) al-Samhūdī, '' Wafāʾ al-Wafā bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafá '', vol. 3, p. 202.
The mosque building had been destroyed during a period prior to the 9th century AH, and around 845 AH/1441-2, it was reconstructed by Amir Janbak al-Nayruzi.<ref>Anṣārī, ''Āthār al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah'', p. 129.</ref>
Additionally, some Arab historians have seen and described this mosque at various times. Abdul Qadous Ansari (d: 1403 AH/1982-3) observed this mosque at the end of the fourteenth century AH and noted its dimensions, stating that the length and width of the building were 4 meters and its height was 6 meters. He believed that the stone structure of the mosque resembled its construction in the ninth century.<ref>Anṣārī, ''Āthār al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah'', p. 129.</ref>
Shanqiti (d: 1393 AH/1973-4) also described this mosque as being built in 1405 with old-style light stones. According to him, the mosque only had a main chamber and a courtyard without a door.<ref>Shanqīṭī, ''  Al-Durr al-Thamīn fī Maʿālim Dār al-Rasūl al-Amīn '' , p. 172.</ref>
Elias Abdul Ghani, in his work "Masajid al-Athariyyah," described the interior and exterior of the building as having been plastered in 1418 AH. He mentioned the presence of a covered prayer hall (musalla) which enlarged the mosque space, accommodating the five daily prayers.<ref>ʿAbd al-Ghanī, '' Masājid al-Ātharīyah'', p. 80.</ref>
Contemporary researcher Ka'aki, in his book published in 2011, states that the mosque remains in the same condition as described by Ansari. However, Ka'aki also mentions the renovation of the mosque during the era of the Al Saud dynasty.<ref>Kaʿakī, ''Maʿālim al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah Bayna al-ʿAmārah wa al-Tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 166.</ref>


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
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