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==Location==
==Location==


Mount Thawr has an elevation of 759 meters above sea level and is situated in the south of Mecca, along the route to Yemen. It is located three kilometers from Masjid al-Haram and is opposite M[[ount Noor]] and the [[Cave of Hira]].<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'',  vol. 2, p. 384.</ref> This mountain is composed of rocks with golden, silvery, and coal-like colors.<ref>Rafʿat Pāshā,''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn'', vol. 1, p. 63.</ref>
Mount Thawr has an elevation of 759 meters above sea level and is situated in the south of [[Mecca]], along the route to [[Yemen]]. It is located three kilometers from [[Masjid al-haram|Masjid al-Haram]] and is opposite M[[ount Noor]] and the [[Cave of Hira]].<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'',  vol. 2, p. 384.</ref> This mountain is composed of rocks with golden, silvery, and coal-like colors.<ref>Rafʿat Pāshā,''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn'', vol. 1, p. 63.</ref>


===The current mountain location===
===The current mountain location===
Line 8: Line 8:
Today, with the city's expansion, Mount Thawr is situated amidst several streets named Thawr Street, Ta'if and Kudai Road.<ref>Qāʾidān,  ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī'', p. 160.</ref> And there are multiple ways for ascending and descending the mountain.<ref>Fākihī, ''Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih'', vol. 4, p. 203.</ref>
Today, with the city's expansion, Mount Thawr is situated amidst several streets named Thawr Street, Ta'if and Kudai Road.<ref>Qāʾidān,  ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī'', p. 160.</ref> And there are multiple ways for ascending and descending the mountain.<ref>Fākihī, ''Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih'', vol. 4, p. 203.</ref>


Reason for Naming:
==Reason for Naming==


It is said that Thor ibn Abd Manat was born in the foothills of this mountain, and from that time, this place became famous as Thawr Aṭḥal. Later, the name Thor prevailed over it.(5) (Ḥamawī, Yāqūt b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Muʿjam al-buldān''.vol2.p86/87,, • Dīyārbakrī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad. ''Tārīkh al-khamīs fī aḥwāl ʾanfas al-nafīs''.vol1.p324
It is said that [[Thawr b. Abd Manat]] was born in the foothills of this mountain, and from that time, this place became famous as Thawr Aṭḥal. Later, the name Thawr prevailed over it.<ref>Ḥamawī, ''Muʿjam al-buldān'', vol. 2, p.86-87; Dīyārbakrī, ''Tārīkh al-khamīs'', vol. 1, p. 324.</ref>
This mountain is also mentioned by the name Abu Thawr.(6) •( Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr''.p83) It is possible that the southern view of it resembles a bull (Thawr).(7)( • Bilādī, ʿĀtiq b. Ghayth al-.Muʿjam al-Maʿārif al- Jughrāfīyya.p72) Or the collective residence of a group called Bani Thawr in this mountain and its surrounding areas.(8)( • Āl-i Basām, ʿAbdullāh b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. Khazāna al-tawārīkh al-najdīyya.vol9.p218) May be the reason for this naming.
This mountain is also mentioned by the name Abu Thawr.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr'', p. 83.</ref> It is possible that the southern view of it resembles a cow (Thawr).<ref>Bilādī, ''Muʿjam al-Maʿārif al- Jughrāfīyya'', p. 72.</ref> Or the collective residence of a group called Bani Thawr in this mountain and its surrounding areas<ref>Āl-i Basām, ''Khazānat al-tawārīkh al-najdīyya'', vol. 9, p. 218.</ref> May be the reason for this naming.


Cave of Thawr
==Cave of Thawr==
This mountain is renowned among Muslims and is considered sacred, as the Prophet sought refuge in a cave on this mountain for several days during his migration to Medina, escaping from the pursuit of polytheists.(9)** On top of the mountain, there are two caves close to each other, both considered hiding places of the Prophet (peace be upon him) during his migration to Yathrib (later known as Medina). Considering the guidance of Abu Bakr and Amer ibn Fuhayrah, the guide of the journey, it can be said that the larger cave served as the location of concealment. Verse 40 of Surah At-Tawbah, in which Allah reports the support of the Prophet and his companion, refers to this event and the cave.(10)( Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya''.vol6.p184,,, Maqrizī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. ''Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-Namīsī.)
{{main|Cave of Thawr}}
This mountain is renowned among Muslims and is considered sacred, as the Prophet sought refuge in a cave on this mountain for several days during his migration to Medina, escaping from the pursuit of polytheists.<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām'', vol. 1, p. 464.</ref> On top of the mountain, there are two caves close to each other, both considered hiding places of the Prophet (peace be upon him) during his migration to Yathrib (later known as Medina). Considering the guidance of [[Abu Bakr]] and [[Amer ibn Fuhayrah]], the guide of the journey, it can be said that the larger cave served as the location of concealment. Verse 40 of Surah At-Tawbah, in which Allah reports the support of the Prophet and his companion, refers to this event and the cave.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'',vol. 6, p. 184; Maqrizī, ''Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ'', vol. 1, p. 58.</ref>


Narratives About Mount Thor:
==Narratives About Mount Thawr==


In a narration, Mount Thor is mentioned as the place where Abel (Habil) was killed.(11 • Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf'.p301,,, Kurdī, Muḥammad Ṭāhir. ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm''vol1.p392) According to some narrations, Mount Thor is considered one of the remnants of a mountain that disintegrated after the manifestation of the power of God upon Prophet Moses (peace be upon him).(12)( • Fākihī, Muḥammad b. Isḥāq. ''Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih''.vol4.p82,,,, • Khārazmī, Muḥammad b. Isḥāq al-. Ithara al-targhīb.vol2.p311)
In a narration, Mount Thawr is mentioned as the place where Abel (Habil) was killed.<ref>Ibn Zahīra, ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf'',  p. 301; Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'', vol. 1, p. 392.</ref> According to some narrations, Mount Thawr is considered one of the remnants of a mountain that disintegrated after the manifestation of the power of God upon [[Prophet Moses]] (peace be upon him).<ref>Fākihī, ''Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih'', vol. 4, p. 82; Khārazmī, ''Ithara al-targhīb'', vol. 2, p. 311.</ref>
And it is also counted as one of the mountains attached to the seventh layer of the Earth.(13 • Marjānī, ʿAbdullāh al-. Bahjat al-nufūs wa al-asrārvol1.p336). In another narration, this mountain is said to have called the Prophet (peace be upon him) towards itself and reported sheltering seventy prophets.(14)( • Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf''.p300).
And it is also counted as one of the mountains attached to the seventh layer of the Earth.<ref> Marjānī, ''Bahjat al-nufūs'', vol. 1, p. 336.</ref> In another narration, this mountain is said to have called the Prophet (peace be upon him) towards itself and reported sheltering seventy prophets.<ref>Ibn Zahīra, ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf'', p. 300.</ref>(14)
==Recommendation of Praying on Mount Thawr==
Mount Thawr is known as a place where prayers are fulfilled, especially during the noon.<ref>Khārazmī,  ''Ithara al-targhīb'', vol. 1, p. 236.</ref> It is also recommended to perform prayers in the [[Cave of Thawr]].<ref>Fākihī, ''Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih'', vol. 4, p. 35.</ref>
[[Sheikh Murteza Ansari]], the esteemed Shiite scholar, has mentioned a special prayer in his rituals to be recited on Mount Thawr.<ref>Hajj Research Center. ''Adʿīyya wa ādāb-i Makke-yi mukarrama'', p. 204-205.</ref>
==Gallary==


The Recommendation of Praying on Mount Thor:
Mount Thor is known as a place where prayers are answered, especially during the noon, according to some beliefs(15)( • Khārazmī, Muḥammad b. Isḥāq al-. Ithara al-targhīb.vol1.p236).
It is recommended to perform prayers in the Cave of Thawr.(16)( Fākihī, Muḥammad b. Isḥāq. ''Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih''vol4.p35).
Sheikh Morteza Ansari, the esteemed Shiite scholar, has mentioned a special prayer in his rituals to be recited on Mount Thor.(17)( • Hajj Research Center. Adʿīyya wa ādāb-i Makke-yi mukarrama..p204/205)
{{Notes}}
{{Notes}}
==Notes==
==Notes==
{{References}}
{{References}}
==References==
==References==
• Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna. 4th edition. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381 Sh.
• Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna''. 4th edition. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381 Sh.
*• Kurdī, Muḥammad Ṭāhir. ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm''. Beirut: : Dār al- Khiḍr,  1420 AH.
*• Kurdī, Muḥammad Ṭāhir. ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm''. Beirut: : Dār al- Khiḍr,  1420 AH.
• Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, aw, al-raḥlāt al-ḥijāziyya wa al-ḥaj wa mashāʿirihi al-dīniyya''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d].
• Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, aw, al-raḥlāt al-ḥijāziyya wa al-ḥaj wa mashāʿirihi al-dīniyya''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d].
*• Fākihī, Muḥammad b. Isḥāq. ''Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih''. Beirut: Dār al- Khiḍr, 1414 AH.
*• Fākihī, Muḥammad b. Isḥāq. ''Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih''. Beirut: Dār al- Khiḍr, 1414 AH.
*Ḥamawī, Yāqūt b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Muʿjam al-buldān''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1995.
*• Dīyārbakrī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad. ''Tārīkh al-khamīs fī aḥwāl ʾanfas al-nafīs''. Beirut: Muʾssisa  sha ʿbān, 1283 AH.
*• Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr''. Beirut: Dār al-Maktaba al-Hilāl, 1986.
*• Bilādī, ʿĀtiq b. Ghayth al-. ''Muʿjam al-Maʿārif al- Jughrāfīyya''. Mecca: Dār al-Makka, 1402 AH.
• Āl-i Basām, ʿAbdullāh b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. ''Khazānat al-tawārīkh al-najdīyya''. Saudi Arabia:[n.p]1419 AH.
*• Fāsī al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām''. Translated by Muḥammad Muqaddas. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386 sh.
*Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1407 AH.
• Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf''. Edited by ʿAlī ʿUmar. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīnīyya, 1423 AH.
*• Khārazmī, Muḥammad b. Isḥāq al-. ''Ithara al-targhīb''. Mecca: Maktabat Nazār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1418 AH.
*• Marjānī, ʿAbdullāh al-. Bahjat al-nufūs wa al-asrār. Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 2002.
*• Hajj Research Center. Adʿīyya wa ādāb-i Makke-yi mukarrama. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386 sh.

Revision as of 14:41, 19 February 2024

Mount Thawr is a mountain located in the south of Mecca, where the Cave of Thawr (the place where the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) sought refuge during the migration to Medina) is situated. This mountain is three kilometers away from the Masjid al-Haram and is opposite Mount Noor and the Cave of Hira.

Location

Mount Thawr has an elevation of 759 meters above sea level and is situated in the south of Mecca, along the route to Yemen. It is located three kilometers from Masjid al-Haram and is opposite Mount Noor and the Cave of Hira.[1] This mountain is composed of rocks with golden, silvery, and coal-like colors.[2]

The current mountain location

Today, with the city's expansion, Mount Thawr is situated amidst several streets named Thawr Street, Ta'if and Kudai Road.[3] And there are multiple ways for ascending and descending the mountain.[4]

Reason for Naming

It is said that Thawr b. Abd Manat was born in the foothills of this mountain, and from that time, this place became famous as Thawr Aṭḥal. Later, the name Thawr prevailed over it.[5] This mountain is also mentioned by the name Abu Thawr.[6] It is possible that the southern view of it resembles a cow (Thawr).[7] Or the collective residence of a group called Bani Thawr in this mountain and its surrounding areas[8] May be the reason for this naming.

Cave of Thawr

Main article: Cave of Thawr

This mountain is renowned among Muslims and is considered sacred, as the Prophet sought refuge in a cave on this mountain for several days during his migration to Medina, escaping from the pursuit of polytheists.[9] On top of the mountain, there are two caves close to each other, both considered hiding places of the Prophet (peace be upon him) during his migration to Yathrib (later known as Medina). Considering the guidance of Abu Bakr and Amer ibn Fuhayrah, the guide of the journey, it can be said that the larger cave served as the location of concealment. Verse 40 of Surah At-Tawbah, in which Allah reports the support of the Prophet and his companion, refers to this event and the cave.[10]

Narratives About Mount Thawr

In a narration, Mount Thawr is mentioned as the place where Abel (Habil) was killed.[11] According to some narrations, Mount Thawr is considered one of the remnants of a mountain that disintegrated after the manifestation of the power of God upon Prophet Moses (peace be upon him).[12] And it is also counted as one of the mountains attached to the seventh layer of the Earth.[13] In another narration, this mountain is said to have called the Prophet (peace be upon him) towards itself and reported sheltering seventy prophets.[14](14)

Recommendation of Praying on Mount Thawr

Mount Thawr is known as a place where prayers are fulfilled, especially during the noon.[15] It is also recommended to perform prayers in the Cave of Thawr.[16] Sheikh Murteza Ansari, the esteemed Shiite scholar, has mentioned a special prayer in his rituals to be recited on Mount Thawr.[17]

Gallary

  1. ↑ Kurdī, Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm, vol. 2, p. 384.
  2. ↑ Rafʿat Pāshā,Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, vol. 1, p. 63.
  3. ↑ Qāʾidān, Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī, p. 160.
  4. ↑ Fākihī, Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih, vol. 4, p. 203.
  5. ↑ Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān, vol. 2, p.86-87; Dīyārbakrī, Tārīkh al-khamīs, vol. 1, p. 324.
  6. ↑ Ibn Jubayr, Riḥla Ibn Jubayr, p. 83.
  7. ↑ Bilādī, Muʿjam al-Maʿārif al- Jughrāfīyya, p. 72.
  8. ↑ Āl-i Basām, Khazānat al-tawārīkh al-najdīyya, vol. 9, p. 218.
  9. ↑ Fāsī al-Makkī, Shifāʾ al-gharām, vol. 1, p. 464.
  10. ↑ Ibn Kathīr, Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya,vol. 6, p. 184; Maqrizī, Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ, vol. 1, p. 58.
  11. ↑ Ibn Zahīra, Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf, p. 301; Kurdī, Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm, vol. 1, p. 392.
  12. ↑ Fākihī, Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih, vol. 4, p. 82; Khārazmī, Ithara al-targhīb, vol. 2, p. 311.
  13. ↑ Marjānī, Bahjat al-nufūs, vol. 1, p. 336.
  14. ↑ Ibn Zahīra, Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf, p. 300.
  15. ↑ Khārazmī, Ithara al-targhīb, vol. 1, p. 236.
  16. ↑ Fākihī, Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih, vol. 4, p. 35.
  17. ↑ Hajj Research Center. Adʿīyya wa ādāb-i Makke-yi mukarrama, p. 204-205.

Notes

References

• Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna. 4th edition. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381 Sh.

  • • Kurdī, Muḥammad Ṭāhir. Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm. Beirut: : Dār al- Khiḍr, 1420 AH.

• Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, aw, al-raḥlāt al-ḥijāziyya wa al-ḥaj wa mashāʿirihi al-dīniyya. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d].

  • • Fākihī, Muḥammad b. Isḥāq. Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih. Beirut: Dār al- Khiḍr, 1414 AH.
  • Ḥamawī, Yāqūt b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. Muʿjam al-buldān. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1995.
  • • Dīyārbakrī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad. Tārīkh al-khamīs fī aḥwāl ʾanfas al-nafīs. Beirut: Muʾssisa sha ʿbān, 1283 AH.
  • • Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Riḥla Ibn Jubayr. Beirut: Dār al-Maktaba al-Hilāl, 1986.
  • • Bilādī, ʿĀtiq b. Ghayth al-. Muʿjam al-Maʿārif al- Jughrāfīyya. Mecca: Dār al-Makka, 1402 AH.

• Āl-i Basām, ʿAbdullāh b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. Khazānat al-tawārīkh al-najdīyya. Saudi Arabia:[n.p]1419 AH.

  • • Fāsī al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām. Translated by Muḥammad Muqaddas. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386 sh.
  • Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1407 AH.

• Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf. Edited by ʿAlī ʿUmar. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīnīyya, 1423 AH.

  • • Khārazmī, Muḥammad b. Isḥāq al-. Ithara al-targhīb. Mecca: Maktabat Nazār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1418 AH.
  • • Marjānī, ʿAbdullāh al-. Bahjat al-nufūs wa al-asrār. Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 2002.
  • • Hajj Research Center. Adʿīyya wa ādāb-i Makke-yi mukarrama. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386 sh.
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