Ishmael (prophet): Difference between revisions
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| Important events = Abraham commanded to sacrifice him, rebuilding of the Kaaba, learning Hajj rituals from Gabriel | | Important events = Abraham commanded to sacrifice him, rebuilding of the Kaaba, learning Hajj rituals from Gabriel | ||
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'''Ishmael''' is one of God's prophets, the son of [[Abraham (a)|Abraham]] and Hagar. According to Shi'ites, he is Dhubihullah, the son whom Abraham was commanded to [[sacrifice]] to God. The Quran explicitly states his prophethood and praises him for qualities such as forbearance, keeping promises, and humility before divine verses. | '''Ishmael''' is one of God's prophets, the son of [[Abraham (a)| Prophet Abraham (a)]] and Hagar. According to Shi'ites, he is Dhubihullah, the son whom Abraham was commanded to [[sacrifice]] to God. The Quran explicitly states his prophethood and praises him for qualities such as forbearance, keeping promises, and humility before divine verses. | ||
According to Muslim scholars, the water of Zamzam flowed from the ground when Ishmael rubbed his foot as an infant, leading to the prosperity of [[Mecca]]. He assisted his father Abraham in rebuilding and purifying the [[Ka'ba|kaaba]] and, in addition to being the custodian of the Ka'ba, performed the Hajj rituals every year. He is buried in [[Hijr Isma'il]] next to his mother [[Hagar]]'s tomb. | According to Muslim scholars, the water of Zamzam flowed from the ground when Ishmael rubbed his foot as an infant, leading to the prosperity of [[Mecca]]. He assisted his father Abraham in rebuilding and purifying the [[Ka'ba|kaaba]] and, in addition to being the custodian of the Ka'ba, performed the Hajj rituals every year. He is buried in [[Hijr Isma'il]] next to his mother [[Hagar]]'s tomb. | ||
== Birth and Life == | == Birth and Life == | ||
[[Abraham (a)|Abraham]] asked God for a righteous child, and God gave him the good news of the birth of a forbearing son.<ref>Surah As-Saffat, verses 97 to 101.</ref> Quranic exegetes have identified this son as Ishmael, whose mother was [[Hagar]].<ref>Tafsir Mujahid, p. 543; Majma' al-Bayan, vol. 8, p. 322; Al-Safi, vol. 4, p. 276.</ref> | [[Abraham (a)|prophet Abraham (a)]] asked God for a righteous child, and God gave him the good news of the birth of a forbearing son.<ref>Surah As-Saffat, verses 97 to 101.</ref> Quranic exegetes have identified this son as Ishmael, whose mother was [[Hagar]].<ref>Tafsir Mujahid, p. 543; Majma' al-Bayan, vol. 8, p. 322; Al-Safi, vol. 4, p. 276.</ref> | ||
Hagar was an Egyptian slave of Sarah, Abraham's first wife. Sarah, due to her barrenness, gave Hagar to Abraham and suggested<ref>Bible, Genesis, 16, 1 and 2; Tarikh Ya'qubi, vol. 1, p. 25</ref> that Abraham marry Hagar.<ref>Bible, Genesis, 15 and 16; Tarikh Ya'qubi, vol. 1, p. 25; Qamus Kitab Muqaddas, p. 73.</ref> | Hagar was an Egyptian slave of Sarah, Prophet Abraham's first wife. Sarah, due to her barrenness, gave Hagar to Abraham and suggested<ref>Bible, Genesis, 16, 1 and 2; Tarikh Ya'qubi, vol. 1, p. 25</ref> that Abraham marry Hagar.<ref>Bible, Genesis, 15 and 16; Tarikh Ya'qubi, vol. 1, p. 25; Qamus Kitab Muqaddas, p. 73.</ref> | ||
Verse 39 of Surah Ibrahim considers Ishmael's birth a gift from God to Abraham in his old age. According to historians, Hagar and Ishmael settled in Mecca near the House of God.<ref>Tarikh Ya'qubi, vol. 1, p. 25; Tarikh Tabari, vol. 1, p. 255; Al-Kamil, vol. 1, p. 103.</ref> The Holy Quran explicitly reports this.<ref>Surah Ibrahim: verse 37.</ref> Ishmael married a girl from the [[Jurhum tribe]].<ref>Tarikh Ya'qubi, vol. 1, p. 27; Tarikh Tabari, vol. 1, p. 189; Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, vol. 1, p. 5; Al-Aghani, vol. 15, p. 11.</ref> | Verse 39 of Surah Ibrahim considers Ishmael's birth a gift from God to Abraham in his old age. According to historians, Hagar and Ishmael settled in Mecca near the House of God.<ref>Tarikh Ya'qubi, vol. 1, p. 25; Tarikh Tabari, vol. 1, p. 255; Al-Kamil, vol. 1, p. 103.</ref> The Holy Quran explicitly reports this.<ref>Surah Ibrahim: verse 37.</ref> Ishmael married a girl from the [[Jurhum tribe]].<ref>Tarikh Ya'qubi, vol. 1, p. 27; Tarikh Tabari, vol. 1, p. 189; Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, vol. 1, p. 5; Al-Aghani, vol. 15, p. 11.</ref> | ||
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== Ishmael and the Building of the Kaaba == | == Ishmael and the Building of the Kaaba == | ||
The Quran reports that | The Quran reports that Prophet Ibrahim (a), by divine command,<ref>Al-Kafi, vol. 4, p. 203.</ref> and with Ishmael's help, raised the foundations of the Kaaba and rebuilt it.<ref>Surah Al-Baqarah: verse 127.</ref> Muslim scholars believe that the Kaaba existed before Abraham, but its traces had largely disappeared, and Abraham rebuilt it.<ref>Al-Kafi, vol. 4, p. 203; Majma' al-Bayan, vol. 1, p. 388; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 12, pp. 93 and 94; Jami' al-Bayan, vol. 1, p. 249; Majma' al-Bayan, vol. 2, p. 382; Al-Tafsir al-Kabir, vol. 4, p. 57.</ref> In contrast, some exegetes believe that the Kaaba was first built by Abraham and Ishmael.<ref>Al-Tibyan, vol. 1, p. 262; Majma' al-Bayan, vol. 1, p. 387.</ref> | ||
After the building of the | After the building of the [[Ka'ba]], Abraham and Ishmael were commanded to purify the House of God for those who circumambulate, those who reside there, those who bow, and those who prostrate.<ref>Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 125.</ref> | ||
=== Ishmael and the Custodianship of the Kaaba === | === Ishmael and the Custodianship of the Kaaba === | ||
According to historical reports, Ishmael was responsible for the administration of the House of God until the end of his life. Based on a narration attributed to [[Imam Sadiq (A.S.)]], Ishmael was the first to cover the Kaaba with a curtain and to roof the Kaaba with wood and mud on wooden pillars. Also, the pilgrims, seeing the [[Ka'ba|Kaaba]] being roofed, decided to help Ishmael. They brought [[sacrifice]]s with them, and Ishmael, with divine guidance, slaughtered the sacrifices and distributed them among the pilgrims.<ref>Al-Kafi, vol. 4, pp. 203-205; Ilal al-Shara'i, vol. 2, pp. 587-588; Wasa'il al-Shi'ah, vol. 13, pp. 210-212.</ref> | According to historical reports, Ishmael was responsible for the administration of the House of God until the end of his life. Based on a narration attributed to [[Imam Sadiq (A.S.)]], Ishmael was the first to cover the Kaaba with a curtain and to roof the Kaaba with wood and mud on wooden pillars. Also, the pilgrims, seeing the [[Ka'ba|Kaaba]] being roofed, decided to help Ishmael. They brought [[sacrifice]]s with them, and Ishmael, with divine guidance, slaughtered the sacrifices and distributed them among the pilgrims.<ref>Al-Kafi, vol. 4, pp. 203-205; Ilal al-Shara'i, vol. 2, pp. 587-588; Wasa'il al-Shi'ah, vol. 13, pp. 210-212.</ref> | ||