Al-Haramayn: Difference between revisions

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==Terminology==

The term "Ḥaramayn" (the two sanctuaries) is the dual form of "Ḥaram".<ref>Muṣṭafawī ," Al-Taḥqīq fī Kalimāt al-Qurʾān al-Karīm " ,vol. 2, p. 204.</ref>

The term "Ḥaramayn" (the two sanctuaries) is the dual form of "Ḥaram".<ref>Muṣṭafawī ," Al-Taḥqīq fī Kalimāt al-Qurʾān al-Karīm " ,vol. 2, p. 204.</ref> And in lexicons, it has meant “being forbidden” or “prohibited”.<ref>al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī , "Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān " , p. 229; Ibn Manẓūr , " Lisān al-ʿArab " ,vol. 12, p. 122.</ref> And in terminology, it refers to the Meccan and Medinan Harams.<ref>ibn. Duraid , " Jamhara al-Lugha ", p. 390-391; al-Ḥamawī , "Muʿjam al-Buldān " ,vol. 2, p. 243.</ref>

And in lexicons, it has meant “being forbidden” or “prohibited”.<ref>al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī , "Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān " , p. 229; Ibn Manẓūr , " Lisān al-ʿArab " ,vol. 12, p. 122.</ref> And in terminology, it refers to the Meccan and Medinan Harams.<ref>ibn. Duraid , " Jamhara al-Lugha ", p. 390-391; al-Ḥamawī , "Muʿjam al-Buldān " ,vol. 2, p. 243.</ref>

The reason they are called " Al-Haramayn (sanctuaries) is due to their sanctity and respect, as well as the prohibition of certain things within them.<ref>b. Fāris ,"Muʿjam Maqāyīs al-Lugha" ,vol. 2, p. 45; al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī , "Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān " , p. 230. </ref>

==Al-Haram Al-Makki==

[[file:نقشه محدوده حرم.jpg|Thumbnail|The area of Meccan Haram]] The Meccan Haram is an area of the city of Mecca, which in Islam has special rulings, such as the prohibition of cutting trees,<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 230-231; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 5, p. 379-380; al-Nasāʾī ," Sunan al-Nasāʾī " ,vol. 5, p. 211.</ref> The prohibition of a non-Muslim entering<ref>al-Ṭūsī , "Al-Mabsūṭ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya" ,vol. 2, p. 47; al-Miqdād , " Kanz al-ʿIrfān fī Fiqh al-Qurʾān " ,vol. 1, p. 46; al-Shāfiʿī , " Al-Um " ,vol. 1, p. 71./ vol. 4, p. 187; b. Ḥazm , " Al-Muḥallā bi al-Āthār" ,vol. 4, p. 243.</ref> and the increase of the blood money for murder.<ref>al-Ṭūsī , "Al-Mabsūṭ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya" ,vol. 7, p. 116-117; Muḥaqqiq Ḥillī ," Al-Mukhtaṣar al-Nāfiʿ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya (al-Nāfiʿ fī Mukhtaṣar al-Sharāʾiʿ)" ,vol. 2, p. 302.</ref>

[[file:نقشه محدوده حرم.jpg|Thumbnail|The area of Meccan Haram]] The Meccan Haram is an area of the city of [[Mecca]], which in Islam has special rulings, such as the prohibition of cutting trees,<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 230-231; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 5, p. 379-380; al-Nasāʾī ," Sunan al-Nasāʾī " ,vol. 5, p. 211.</ref> The prohibition of a non-Muslim entering<ref>al-Ṭūsī , "Al-Mabsūṭ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya" ,vol. 2, p. 47; al-Miqdād , " Kanz al-ʿIrfān fī Fiqh al-Qurʾān " ,vol. 1, p. 46; al-Shāfiʿī , " Al-Um " ,vol. 1, p. 71./ vol. 4, p. 187; b. Ḥazm , " Al-Muḥallā bi al-Āthār" ,vol. 4, p. 243.</ref> and the increase of the blood money for murder.<ref>al-Ṭūsī , "Al-Mabsūṭ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya" ,vol. 7, p. 116-117; Muḥaqqiq Ḥillī ," Al-Mukhtaṣar al-Nāfiʿ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya (al-Nāfiʿ fī Mukhtaṣar al-Sharāʾiʿ)" ,vol. 2, p. 302.</ref>

The Al-Haram Al-Makki is considered a place of Haram; therefore, a person seeking refuge in the Haram, even if they are a criminal, is safe as long as they remain within the sanctuary, except if they commit a crime inside the Haram.<ref>al-Ṭūsī , " Al-Tibyān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān " ,vol. 2, p. 537; al-Mashhadī , "Kanz al-Daqāʾiq " ,vol. 3, p. 171.</ref>

In the narrations, regarding the history of [[Mecca]] becoming a Haram, there are three categories of narrations, tracing back to the period of the “creation of the heavens and the earth.<ref>al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol. 2, p. 214; al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 225; b. Bābawayh , "Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh " ,vol. 2, p. 245-246</ref>

In the narrations, regarding the history of [[Mecca]] becoming a Haram, there are three categories of narrations, tracing back to the period of the “creation of the heavens and the earth.<ref>al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol. 2, p. 214; al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 225; b. Bābawayh , "Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh " ,vol. 2, p. 245-246</ref> “After the descent of [[Adam (Prophet)|Prophet Adam(a)]].<ref>b. Bābawayh , "Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh " ,vol. 2, p. 192; al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 195; al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī , "Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa (Tafṣīl Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa ilā Taḥṣīl Masāʾil al-Sharīʿa" ,vol. 13, p. 221; al-Azraqī , " Akhbār Makkah wa Mā Jāʾa Fīhā min al-Āthār" ,vol. 1, p. 37-38; al-Fāsī , " Al-Zuhūr al-Muqṭaṭafa min Tārīkh Makkah al-Musharrafah", p. 33; al-Fāsī , " Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi Akhbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 105.</ref> And "The Era of [[Abraham (a)|Prophet Ibrahim(a)]]<ref>al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol.3, p. 224-225; al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 112-118.</ref> Some have combined these three together.<ref>al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 4, p. 189.</ref> The narrations have stated that the reason for Mecca becoming sacred is the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>b. Bābawayh (Shaykh Ṣaduq) ,ʿ"Ilal al-Sharāʾiʿ wa al-Aḥkām",vol. 2, p. 415; b. Khālid al-Barqī ," Al-Maḥāsin " , vol. 2, p. 330; al-Majlisī , " Biḥār al-Anwār al-Jāmiʿa li Durar Akhbār al-Aʾimma al-Aṭhār. " ,vol. 96, p. 43-44.</ref>

“After the descent of [[Adam (Prophet)|Prophet Adam(a)]].<ref>b. Bābawayh , "Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh " ,vol. 2, p. 192; al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 195; al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī , "Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa (Tafṣīl Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa ilā Taḥṣīl Masāʾil al-Sharīʿa" ,vol. 13, p. 221; al-Azraqī , " Akhbār Makkah wa Mā Jāʾa Fīhā min al-Āthār" ,vol. 1, p. 37-38; al-Fāsī , " Al-Zuhūr al-Muqṭaṭafa min Tārīkh Makkah al-Musharrafah", p. 33; al-Fāsī , " Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi Akhbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 105.</ref> And "The Era of [[Abraham (a)|Prophet Ibrahim(a)]]<ref>al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol.3, p. 224-225; al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 112-118.</ref>

There is disagreement regarding the exact boundaries of the sacred area of [[Mecca]].<ref>al-Māwardī , "Al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭāniyya wa al-Wilāyāt al-Dīniyya" , vol. 2, p.164-165; al-Ṭūsī, "Al-Nihāya fī Mujarrad al-Fiqh wa al-Fatāwā ", p. 234.</ref>

It refers to this. Some have combined these three together<ref>al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 4, p. 189.</ref> The narrations have stated that the reason for Mecca becoming sacred is the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>b. Bābawayh (Shaykh Ṣaduq) ,ʿ"Ilal al-Sharāʾiʿ wa al-Aḥkām",vol. 2, p. 415; b. Khālid al-Barqī ," Al-Maḥāsin " , vol. 2, p. 330; al-Majlisī , " Biḥār al-Anwār al-Jāmiʿa li Durar Akhbār al-Aʾimma al-Aṭhār. " ,vol. 96, p. 43-44.</ref>

There is disagreement regarding the exact boundaries of the sacred area of [[Mecca]].<ref>al-Māwardī , "Al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭāniyya wa al-Wilāyāt al-Dīniyya" , vol. 2, p.164-165; al-Ṭūsī , "Al-Nihāya fī Mujarrad al-Fiqh wa al-Fatāwā ", p. 234.</ref>

Throughout Islamic history and even today, markers have been placed around the city of Mecca called "[[Ansab al-Haram]]" which define the boundaries of the sacred area based on the narrations left by the Prophet (s).<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 128-129. </ref>

According to some studies, the boundary of the sacred area extends 15,500 meters from the [[Ta’if]] side, 6,150 meters from the Tan‘īm side (the road to Medina), and 17,000 meters from the Yemen side.<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 157-158.</ref>And its perimeter is 127 kilometers.<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 165.</ref>

According to some studies, the boundary of the sacred area extends 15,500 meters from the [[Ta’if]] side, 6,150 meters from the [[Tan‘īm]] side (the road to Medina), and 17,000 meters from the Yemen side.<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 157-158.</ref>And its perimeter is 127 kilometers.<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 165.</ref>

==Al-Haram Al-Madani==

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[[Al-Haram Al- Madani]] is a part of the city of Medina that holds reverence in Islam.<ref>al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 117-118; al-Bayhaqī , "Al-Sunan al-Kubrā" ,vol. 5, p. 198; al-Ṭabarānī , "Al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr " ,vol. 6, p. 92; Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal , "Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal", vol. 4, p. 55-56; al-Haythamī, "Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid ",vol. 3, p. 306; al-Ṭūsī" Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd ", vol. 10, p. 216; al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 117-118.</ref> And it has etiquettes and rulings, such as the virtue of performing ghusl (ritual ablution).<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 550; al-Ṭūsī, " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 6, p. 5; al-Ḥaṣkafī, "Al-Durr al-Mukhtār" ,vol. 1, p. 184; al-Nawawī , "Al-Majmūʿ Sharḥ al-Muḥaḏhab" , vol. 8, p. 273; Al-Shafiʿī, ''Fatḥ al-vahhāb'', vol. 1, p. 257.</ref> And it requires purification when entering it.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ", vol. 4, p. 550; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 6, p. 5.</ref>

This area, from the east and west, lies between the [[Eastern ~~Harrah~~]] and the Western ~~Harrah~~.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī", vol. 4, p. 564-565; Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal , "Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal" , vol. 3, p. 23; al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 113.</ref> And from the north and south, it lies between [[Mount Thawr]] and [[Mount ʻIr]].<ref>al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 115; al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol. 8, p. 10.</ref>

This area, from the east and west, lies between the [[Eastern Harra]] and the [[Western Harra]].<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī", vol. 4, p. 564-565; Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal , "Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal" , vol. 3, p. 23; al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 113.</ref> And from the north and south, it lies between [[Mount Thawr]] and [[Mount ʻIr]].<ref>al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 115; al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol. 8, p. 10.</ref>

Regarding the reason for Medina becoming sacred, various causes have been mentioned.<ref>al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 117-118.</ref>

Regarding the reason for [[Medina]] becoming sacred, various causes have been mentioned.<ref>al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 117-118.</ref>

Providing protection to Medina and its inhabitants,<ref>al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 117-118; al-Bayhaqī , "Al-Sunan al-Kubrā" ,vol. 5, p. 198; al-Ṭabarānī , "Al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr " ,vol. 6, p. 92; Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal , "Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal" , vol. 4, p. 55-56; al-Haythamī , "Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid ",vol. 3, p. 306; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 10, p. 216.</ref> "Respect for Prophet Muhammad (s)" and "the sanctity of the place where he is buried" <ref>al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 117-118.</ref>are some of them.

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• According to Shia narrations, what is forbidden in the Sacred Area of Mecca is not forbidden in the Sacred Area of Medina.<ref>Ḥumayrī , "Qurb al-Isnād" , p. 301.</ref>

Superiority of the ~~Two Sacred Mosques~~ (Which ~~Sacred Mosque~~ is Superior?)

==Superiority of the Haramayn (Which Haram is Superior?)

Considering the characteristics of each of these two sacred areas, there has been disagreement about which one is superior to the other.<ref>al-Zarandī, ". Al-Murūr bayn al-ʿIlmayn fī Mafākhirat al-Ḥaramayn", p. 91-124; al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 85-95; al-Rifāʿī , "Al-Aḥādīth al-Wārida fī Faḍāʾil al-Madīna" , p. 1-3.</ref>

According to a narration in Shia sources, residing in Medina is considered superior to [[Mecca]].<ref>al-Zarandī, ". Al-Murūr bayn al-ʿIlmayn fī Mafākhirat al-Ḥaramayn", p. 91-124; al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 85-95; al-Rifāʿī , "Al-Aḥādīth al-Wārida fī Faḍāʾil al-Madīna" , p. 1-3.</ref>

According to a narration in Shia sources, residing in [[Medina]] is considered superior to [[Mecca]].<ref>al-Zarandī, ". Al-Murūr bayn al-ʿIlmayn fī Mafākhirat al-Ḥaramayn", p. 91-124; al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 85-95; al-Rifāʿī , "Al-Aḥādīth al-Wārida fī Faḍāʾil al-Madīna" , p. 1-3.</ref>

And according to a narration from Sunni sources as well, the virtues of Medina are not limited to the lifetime of [[Prophet Muhammad(a)|Prophet Muhammad(s)]].<ref>al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol. 2, p. 222-224;***</ref>

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 ==Terminology==
-The term "Ḥaramayn" (the two sanctuaries) is the dual form of "Ḥaram".<ref>Muṣṭafawī ," Al-Taḥqīq fī Kalimāt al-Qurʾān al-Karīm " ,vol. 2, p. 204.</ref>
+The term "Ḥaramayn" (the two sanctuaries) is the dual form of "Ḥaram".<ref>Muṣṭafawī ," Al-Taḥqīq fī Kalimāt al-Qurʾān al-Karīm " ,vol. 2, p. 204.</ref> And in lexicons, it has meant “being forbidden” or “prohibited”.<ref>al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī , "Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān " , p. 229; Ibn Manẓūr , " Lisān al-ʿArab " ,vol. 12, p. 122.</ref> And in terminology, it refers to the Meccan and Medinan Harams.<ref>ibn. Duraid , " Jamhara al-Lugha ", p. 390-391; al-Ḥamawī , "Muʿjam al-Buldān " ,vol. 2, p. 243.</ref>
-And in lexicons, it has meant “being forbidden” or “prohibited”.<ref>al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī , "Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān " , p. 229; Ibn Manẓūr , " Lisān al-ʿArab " ,vol. 12, p. 122.</ref> And in terminology, it refers to the Meccan and Medinan Harams.<ref>ibn. Duraid , " Jamhara al-Lugha ", p. 390-391; al-Ḥamawī , "Muʿjam al-Buldān " ,vol. 2, p. 243.</ref>
 The reason they are called " Al-Haramayn (sanctuaries) is due to their sanctity and respect, as well as the prohibition of certain things within them.<ref>b. Fāris ,"Muʿjam Maqāyīs al-Lugha" ,vol. 2, p. 45; al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī , "Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān " , p. 230. </ref>
 ==Al-Haram Al-Makki==
-[[file:نقشه محدوده حرم.jpg|Thumbnail|The area of Meccan Haram]] The Meccan Haram is an area of the city of Mecca, which in Islam has special rulings, such as the prohibition of cutting trees,<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 230-231; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 5, p. 379-380; al-Nasāʾī ," Sunan al-Nasāʾī " ,vol. 5, p. 211.</ref> The prohibition of a non-Muslim entering<ref>al-Ṭūsī , "Al-Mabsūṭ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya" ,vol. 2, p. 47; al-Miqdād , " Kanz al-ʿIrfān fī Fiqh al-Qurʾān " ,vol. 1, p. 46; al-Shāfiʿī , " Al-Um " ,vol. 1, p. 71./ vol. 4, p. 187; b. Ḥazm , " Al-Muḥallā bi al-Āthār" ,vol. 4, p. 243.</ref> and the increase of the blood money for murder.<ref>al-Ṭūsī , "Al-Mabsūṭ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya" ,vol. 7, p. 116-117; Muḥaqqiq Ḥillī ," Al-Mukhtaṣar al-Nāfiʿ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya (al-Nāfiʿ fī Mukhtaṣar al-Sharāʾiʿ)" ,vol. 2, p. 302.</ref>
+[[file:نقشه محدوده حرم.jpg|Thumbnail|The area of Meccan Haram]] The Meccan Haram is an area of the city of [[Mecca]], which in Islam has special rulings, such as the prohibition of cutting trees,<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 230-231; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 5, p. 379-380; al-Nasāʾī ," Sunan al-Nasāʾī " ,vol. 5, p. 211.</ref> The prohibition of a non-Muslim entering<ref>al-Ṭūsī , "Al-Mabsūṭ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya" ,vol. 2, p. 47; al-Miqdād , " Kanz al-ʿIrfān fī Fiqh al-Qurʾān " ,vol. 1, p. 46; al-Shāfiʿī , " Al-Um " ,vol. 1, p. 71./ vol. 4, p. 187; b. Ḥazm , " Al-Muḥallā bi al-Āthār" ,vol. 4, p. 243.</ref> and the increase of the blood money for murder.<ref>al-Ṭūsī , "Al-Mabsūṭ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya" ,vol. 7, p. 116-117; Muḥaqqiq Ḥillī ," Al-Mukhtaṣar al-Nāfiʿ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya (al-Nāfiʿ fī Mukhtaṣar al-Sharāʾiʿ)" ,vol. 2, p. 302.</ref>
 The Al-Haram Al-Makki is considered a place of Haram; therefore, a person seeking refuge in the Haram, even if they are a criminal, is safe as long as they remain within the sanctuary, except if they commit a crime inside the Haram.<ref>al-Ṭūsī , " Al-Tibyān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān " ,vol. 2, p. 537; al-Mashhadī , "Kanz al-Daqāʾiq " ,vol. 3, p. 171.</ref>
-In the narrations, regarding the history of [[Mecca]] becoming a Haram, there are three categories of narrations, tracing back to the period of the “creation of the heavens and the earth.<ref>al-Bukhārī  , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol. 2, p. 214; al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 225; b. Bābawayh , "Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh " ,vol. 2, p. 245-246</ref>
+In the narrations, regarding the history of [[Mecca]] becoming a Haram, there are three categories of narrations, tracing back to the period of the “creation of the heavens and the earth.<ref>al-Bukhārī  , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol. 2, p. 214; al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 225; b. Bābawayh , "Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh " ,vol. 2, p. 245-246</ref> “After the descent of [[Adam (Prophet)|Prophet Adam(a)]].<ref>b. Bābawayh , "Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh " ,vol. 2, p. 192; al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 195; al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī , "Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa (Tafṣīl Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa ilā Taḥṣīl Masāʾil al-Sharīʿa" ,vol. 13, p. 221; al-Azraqī , " Akhbār Makkah wa Mā Jāʾa Fīhā min al-Āthār" ,vol. 1, p. 37-38; al-Fāsī , " Al-Zuhūr al-Muqṭaṭafa min Tārīkh Makkah al-Musharrafah", p. 33; al-Fāsī , " Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi Akhbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 105.</ref> And "The Era of [[Abraham (a)|Prophet Ibrahim(a)]]<ref>al-Bukhārī  , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol.3, p. 224-225; al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 112-118.</ref> Some have combined these three together.<ref>al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 4, p. 189.</ref> The narrations have stated that the reason for Mecca becoming sacred is the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>b. Bābawayh (Shaykh Ṣaduq) ,ʿ"Ilal al-Sharāʾiʿ wa al-Aḥkām",vol. 2, p. 415; b. Khālid al-Barqī ," Al-Maḥāsin " , vol. 2, p. 330; al-Majlisī , " Biḥār al-Anwār al-Jāmiʿa li Durar Akhbār al-Aʾimma al-Aṭhār. " ,vol. 96, p. 43-44.</ref>
-“After the descent of [[Adam (Prophet)|Prophet Adam(a)]].<ref>b. Bābawayh , "Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh " ,vol. 2, p. 192; al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 195; al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī , "Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa (Tafṣīl Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa ilā Taḥṣīl Masāʾil al-Sharīʿa" ,vol. 13, p. 221; al-Azraqī , " Akhbār Makkah wa Mā Jāʾa Fīhā min al-Āthār" ,vol. 1, p. 37-38; al-Fāsī , " Al-Zuhūr al-Muqṭaṭafa min Tārīkh Makkah al-Musharrafah", p. 33; al-Fāsī , " Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi Akhbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 105.</ref> And "The Era of [[Abraham (a)|Prophet Ibrahim(a)]]<ref>al-Bukhārī  , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol.3, p. 224-225; al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 112-118.</ref>
+There is disagreement regarding the exact boundaries of the sacred area of [[Mecca]].<ref>al-Māwardī , "Al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭāniyya wa al-Wilāyāt al-Dīniyya" , vol. 2, p.164-165; al-Ṭūsī, "Al-Nihāya fī Mujarrad al-Fiqh wa al-Fatāwā ", p. 234.</ref>
-It refers to this. Some have combined these three together<ref>al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 4, p. 189.</ref> The narrations have stated that the reason for Mecca becoming sacred is the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>b. Bābawayh (Shaykh Ṣaduq) ,ʿ"Ilal al-Sharāʾiʿ wa al-Aḥkām",vol. 2, p. 415; b. Khālid al-Barqī ," Al-Maḥāsin " , vol. 2, p. 330; al-Majlisī , " Biḥār al-Anwār al-Jāmiʿa li Durar Akhbār al-Aʾimma al-Aṭhār. " ,vol. 96, p. 43-44.</ref>
-There is disagreement regarding the exact boundaries of the sacred area of [[Mecca]].<ref>al-Māwardī , "Al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭāniyya wa al-Wilāyāt al-Dīniyya" , vol. 2, p.164-165; al-Ṭūsī , "Al-Nihāya fī Mujarrad al-Fiqh wa al-Fatāwā ", p. 234.</ref>
 Throughout Islamic history and even today, markers have been placed around the city of Mecca called "[[Ansab al-Haram]]" which define the boundaries of the sacred area based on the narrations left by the Prophet (s).<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 128-129. </ref>
-According to some studies, the boundary of the sacred area extends 15,500 meters from the [[Ta’if]] side, 6,150 meters from the Tan‘īm side (the road to Medina), and 17,000 meters from the Yemen side.<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 157-158.</ref>And its perimeter is 127 kilometers.<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 165.</ref>
+According to some studies, the boundary of the sacred area extends 15,500 meters from the [[Ta’if]] side, 6,150 meters from the [[Tan‘īm]] side (the road to Medina), and 17,000 meters from the Yemen side.<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 157-158.</ref>And its perimeter is 127 kilometers.<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 165.</ref>
 ==Al-Haram Al-Madani==
@@ Line 32: / Line 27: @@
 [[Al-Haram Al- Madani]] is a part of the city of Medina that holds reverence in Islam.<ref>al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 117-118; al-Bayhaqī , "Al-Sunan al-Kubrā" ,vol. 5, p. 198; al-Ṭabarānī , "Al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr " ,vol. 6, p. 92; Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal , "Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal", vol. 4, p. 55-56; al-Haythamī, "Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid ",vol. 3, p. 306; al-Ṭūsī" Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd ", vol. 10, p. 216; al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 117-118.</ref> And it has etiquettes and rulings, such as the virtue of performing  ghusl (ritual ablution).<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 550; al-Ṭūsī, " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 6, p. 5; al-Ḥaṣkafī, "Al-Durr al-Mukhtār" ,vol. 1, p. 184; al-Nawawī , "Al-Majmūʿ Sharḥ al-Muḥaḏhab" , vol. 8, p. 273; Al-Shafiʿī, ''Fatḥ al-vahhāb'', vol. 1, p. 257.</ref> And it requires purification when entering it.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ", vol. 4, p. 550; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 6, p. 5.</ref>
-This area, from the east and west, lies between the [[Eastern Harrah]] and the Western Harrah.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī", vol. 4, p. 564-565; Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal , "Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal" , vol. 3, p. 23; al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 113.</ref> And from the north and south, it lies between [[Mount Thawr]] and [[Mount ʻIr]].<ref>al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 115; al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol. 8, p. 10.</ref>
+This area, from the east and west, lies between the [[Eastern Harra]] and the [[Western Harra]].<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī", vol. 4, p. 564-565; Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal , "Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal" , vol. 3, p. 23; al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 113.</ref> And from the north and south, it lies between [[Mount Thawr]] and [[Mount ʻIr]].<ref>al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 115; al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol. 8, p. 10.</ref>
-Regarding the reason for Medina becoming sacred, various causes have been mentioned.<ref>al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 117-118.</ref>
+Regarding the reason for [[Medina]] becoming sacred, various causes have been mentioned.<ref>al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 117-118.</ref>
 Providing protection to Medina and its inhabitants,<ref>al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 117-118; al-Bayhaqī , "Al-Sunan al-Kubrā" ,vol. 5, p. 198; al-Ṭabarānī , "Al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr " ,vol. 6, p. 92; Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal , "Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal" , vol. 4, p. 55-56; al-Haythamī , "Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid ",vol. 3, p. 306; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 10, p. 216.</ref> "Respect for Prophet Muhammad (s)" and "the sanctity of the place where he is buried" <ref>al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 117-118.</ref>are some of them.
@@ Line 66: / Line 61: @@
 • According to Shia narrations, what is forbidden in the Sacred Area of Mecca is not forbidden in the Sacred Area of Medina.<ref>Ḥumayrī , "Qurb al-Isnād" , p. 301.</ref>
-Superiority of the Two Sacred Mosques (Which Sacred Mosque is Superior?)
+==Superiority of the Haramayn (Which Haram is Superior?)
 Considering the characteristics of each of these two sacred areas, there has been disagreement about which one is superior to the other.<ref>al-Zarandī, ". Al-Murūr bayn al-ʿIlmayn fī Mafākhirat al-Ḥaramayn", p. 91-124; al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 85-95; al-Rifāʿī , "Al-Aḥādīth al-Wārida fī Faḍāʾil al-Madīna" , p. 1-3.</ref>
-According to a narration in Shia sources, residing in Medina is considered superior to [[Mecca]].<ref>al-Zarandī, ". Al-Murūr bayn al-ʿIlmayn fī Mafākhirat al-Ḥaramayn", p. 91-124; al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 85-95; al-Rifāʿī , "Al-Aḥādīth al-Wārida fī Faḍāʾil al-Madīna" , p. 1-3.</ref>
+According to a narration in Shia sources, residing in [[Medina]] is considered superior to [[Mecca]].<ref>al-Zarandī, ". Al-Murūr bayn al-ʿIlmayn fī Mafākhirat al-Ḥaramayn", p. 91-124; al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 85-95; al-Rifāʿī , "Al-Aḥādīth al-Wārida fī Faḍāʾil al-Madīna" , p. 1-3.</ref>
 And according to a narration from Sunni sources as well, the virtues of Medina are not limited to the lifetime of [[Prophet Muhammad(a)|Prophet Muhammad(s)]].<ref>al-Bukhārī  , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol. 2, p. 222-224;***</ref>