Imam 'Ali (a): Difference between revisions

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==Life and Status==

Ali b. Abi Talib was born in the year 30 of 'Am al-Fil/600<ref>''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 1, p. 452.</ref> (23 years ~~before the hijra~~) in [[Mecca]], inside the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>''Al-Irshād'', vol. 1, p. 5; ''Sīra-yi Maʿṣūmān'', vol. 3, p. 4.</ref> He grew up in the house of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]]<ref>''Ḥayāt-i fikrī wa sīyāsī-yi Imāmān-i Shīʿa'', p. 48.</ref> and is considered the first male convert to Islam.<ref>''Al-Irshād'', vol. 1, p. 6.</ref> Imam 'Ali was the husband of [[Lady Fatima (s)]]<ref>''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 16; ''Ḥayāt-i fikrī wa sīyāsī-yi Imāmān-i Shīʿa'', p. 49.</ref> and father of [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]], [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], [[Lady Zaynab]], and [[al-'Abbas b. 'Ali]].<ref>''Dānishnāma-yi Amīr al-Muʾminīn bar pāya-yi Qurʾān, ḥadīth wa tārīkh'', vol. 1, pp. 126, 185.</ref>

Ali b. Abi Talib was born in the year 30 of 'Am al-Fil/600<ref>''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 1, p. 452.</ref> (23 years BH) in [[Mecca]], inside the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>''Al-Irshād'', vol. 1, p. 5; ''Sīra-yi Maʿṣūmān'', vol. 3, p. 4.</ref> He grew up in the house of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]]<ref>''Ḥayāt-i fikrī wa sīyāsī-yi Imāmān-i Shīʿa'', p. 48.</ref> and is considered the first male convert to Islam.<ref>''Al-Irshād'', vol. 1, p. 6.</ref> Imam 'Ali was the husband of [[Lady Fatima (s)]]<ref>''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 16; ''Ḥayāt-i fikrī wa sīyāsī-yi Imāmān-i Shīʿa'', p. 49.</ref> and father of [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]], [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], [[Lady Zaynab]], and [[al-'Abbas b. 'Ali]].<ref>''Dānishnāma-yi Amīr al-Muʾminīn bar pāya-yi Qurʾān, ḥadīth wa tārīkh'', vol. 1, pp. 126, 185.</ref>

In the 40th ~~year after hijra~~/661, during morning prayer in the [[Kufa Mosque]], he was fatally struck by [[Ibn Muljam al-Muradi]], one of the Khawarij from Nahrawan, and was martyred three days later.<ref>''Al-Irshād'', vol. 1, p. 9; ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 1, p. 452.</ref>

In the 40th AH/661, during morning prayer in the [[Kufa Mosque]], he was fatally struck by [[Ibn Muljam al-Muradi]], one of the Khawarij from Nahrawan, and was martyred three days later.<ref>''Al-Irshād'', vol. 1, p. 9; ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 1, p. 452.</ref>

===Succession to the Prophet (s)===

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Imam 'Ali (a) performed hajj several times during the Prophet's (s) life, though the number of pilgrimages after that is unclear.<ref>"Tadābīr-i Aʾimma (a) dar ḥajj", p. 69.</ref> According to historical sources, he accompanied the Prophet on the [['Umrat al-Qada]], a compensatory 'umra made in 7/629 when the Prophet (s) and a group of Muslims entered [[Mecca]] to perform the rituals.<ref>''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 353; ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 22, p. 107.</ref>

In the ~~ninth year after hijra~~/631, the Prophet tasked Imam 'Ali (a) with publicly reciting the [[verses of disassociation]] at hajj.<ref>''Al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'', vol. 4, pp. 970–973; ''ʿIlal al-sharāyiʿ'', vol. 1, p. 190; ''Al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'', vol. 4, pp. 68–69.</ref> This act is considered one of his virtues.<ref>"Tadābīr-i Aʾimma (a) dar ḥajj", p. 70.</ref> Notable practices of Imam 'Ali (a) during hajj included abstaining from hunting, using the [[sacrificial offering]], performing [[ritual washing]] upon entering the sacred precinct, and combining the Maghrib and 'Isha prayers in [[Muzdalifah]].<ref>''Ḥajj al-Anbīyāʾ wa l-Aʾimmah 'alayhim al-salām'', pp. 233–236.</ref>

In the 9th AH/631, the Prophet tasked Imam 'Ali (a) with publicly reciting the [[verses of disassociation]] at hajj.<ref>''Al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'', vol. 4, pp. 970–973; ''ʿIlal al-sharāyiʿ'', vol. 1, p. 190; ''Al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'', vol. 4, pp. 68–69.</ref> This act is considered one of his virtues.<ref>"Tadābīr-i Aʾimma (a) dar ḥajj", p. 70.</ref> Notable practices of Imam 'Ali (a) during hajj included abstaining from hunting, using the [[sacrificial offering]], performing [[ritual washing]] upon entering the sacred precinct, and combining the Maghrib and 'Isha prayers in [[Muzdalifah]].<ref>''Ḥajj al-Anbīyāʾ wa l-Aʾimmah 'alayhim al-salām'', pp. 233–236.</ref>

He also participated in the [[Farewell Pilgrimage]] of the Prophet (s)<ref>''Tarīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 109; ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, pp. 247–248; ''Al-Tahdhīb'', vol. 5, p. 227.</ref>, during the return from which the Prophet declared him his successor at [[Ghadir Khumm]].<ref>''Al-Irshād'', vol. 1, pp. 170–176; ''Dānishnāmah-yi Imām Amīr al-Muʾminīn ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib'', p. 43.</ref>

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 ==Life and Status==
-Ali b. Abi Talib was born in the year 30 of 'Am al-Fil/600<ref>''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 1, p. 452.</ref> (23 years before the hijra) in [[Mecca]], inside the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>''Al-Irshād'', vol. 1, p. 5; ''Sīra-yi Maʿṣūmān'', vol. 3, p. 4.</ref> He grew up in the house of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]]<ref>''Ḥayāt-i fikrī wa sīyāsī-yi Imāmān-i Shīʿa'', p. 48.</ref> and is considered the first male convert to Islam.<ref>''Al-Irshād'', vol. 1, p. 6.</ref> Imam 'Ali was the husband of [[Lady Fatima (s)]]<ref>''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 16; ''Ḥayāt-i fikrī wa sīyāsī-yi Imāmān-i Shīʿa'', p. 49.</ref> and father of  [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]], [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], [[Lady Zaynab]], and [[al-'Abbas b. 'Ali]].<ref>''Dānishnāma-yi Amīr al-Muʾminīn bar pāya-yi Qurʾān, ḥadīth wa tārīkh'', vol. 1, pp. 126, 185.</ref>
+Ali b. Abi Talib was born in the year 30 of 'Am al-Fil/600<ref>''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 1, p. 452.</ref> (23 years BH) in [[Mecca]], inside the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>''Al-Irshād'', vol. 1, p. 5; ''Sīra-yi Maʿṣūmān'', vol. 3, p. 4.</ref> He grew up in the house of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]]<ref>''Ḥayāt-i fikrī wa sīyāsī-yi Imāmān-i Shīʿa'', p. 48.</ref> and is considered the first male convert to Islam.<ref>''Al-Irshād'', vol. 1, p. 6.</ref> Imam 'Ali was the husband of [[Lady Fatima (s)]]<ref>''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 16; ''Ḥayāt-i fikrī wa sīyāsī-yi Imāmān-i Shīʿa'', p. 49.</ref> and father of  [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]], [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], [[Lady Zaynab]], and [[al-'Abbas b. 'Ali]].<ref>''Dānishnāma-yi Amīr al-Muʾminīn bar pāya-yi Qurʾān, ḥadīth wa tārīkh'', vol. 1, pp. 126, 185.</ref>
-In the 40th year after hijra/661, during morning prayer in the [[Kufa Mosque]], he was fatally struck by [[Ibn Muljam al-Muradi]], one of the Khawarij from Nahrawan, and was martyred three days later.<ref>''Al-Irshād'', vol. 1, p. 9; ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 1, p. 452.</ref>
+In the 40th AH/661, during morning prayer in the [[Kufa Mosque]], he was fatally struck by [[Ibn Muljam al-Muradi]], one of the Khawarij from Nahrawan, and was martyred three days later.<ref>''Al-Irshād'', vol. 1, p. 9; ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 1, p. 452.</ref>
 ===Succession to the Prophet (s)===
@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 Imam 'Ali (a) performed hajj several times during the Prophet's (s) life, though the number of pilgrimages after that is unclear.<ref>"Tadābīr-i Aʾimma (a) dar ḥajj", p. 69.</ref> According to historical sources, he accompanied the Prophet on the [['Umrat al-Qada]], a compensatory 'umra made in 7/629 when the Prophet (s) and a group of Muslims entered [[Mecca]] to perform the rituals.<ref>''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 353; ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 22, p. 107.</ref>
-In the ninth year after hijra/631, the Prophet tasked Imam 'Ali (a) with publicly reciting the [[verses of disassociation]] at hajj.<ref>''Al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'', vol. 4, pp. 970–973; ''ʿIlal al-sharāyiʿ'', vol. 1, p. 190; ''Al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'', vol. 4, pp. 68–69.</ref> This act is considered one of his virtues.<ref>"Tadābīr-i Aʾimma (a) dar ḥajj", p. 70.</ref> Notable practices of Imam 'Ali (a) during hajj included abstaining from hunting, using the [[sacrificial offering]], performing [[ritual washing]] upon entering the sacred precinct, and combining the Maghrib and 'Isha prayers in [[Muzdalifah]].<ref>''Ḥajj al-Anbīyāʾ wa l-Aʾimmah 'alayhim al-salām'', pp. 233–236.</ref>
+In the 9th AH/631, the Prophet tasked Imam 'Ali (a) with publicly reciting the [[verses of disassociation]] at hajj.<ref>''Al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'', vol. 4, pp. 970–973; ''ʿIlal al-sharāyiʿ'', vol. 1, p. 190; ''Al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'', vol. 4, pp. 68–69.</ref> This act is considered one of his virtues.<ref>"Tadābīr-i Aʾimma (a) dar ḥajj", p. 70.</ref> Notable practices of Imam 'Ali (a) during hajj included abstaining from hunting, using the [[sacrificial offering]], performing [[ritual washing]] upon entering the sacred precinct, and combining the Maghrib and 'Isha prayers in [[Muzdalifah]].<ref>''Ḥajj al-Anbīyāʾ wa l-Aʾimmah 'alayhim al-salām'', pp. 233–236.</ref>
 He also participated in the [[Farewell Pilgrimage]] of the Prophet (s)<ref>''Tarīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 109; ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, pp. 247–248; ''Al-Tahdhīb'', vol. 5, p. 227.</ref>, during the return from which the Prophet declared him his successor at [[Ghadir Khumm]].<ref>''Al-Irshād'', vol. 1, pp. 170–176; ''Dānishnāmah-yi Imām Amīr al-Muʾminīn ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib'', p. 43.</ref>