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'''Al-'Usba Mosque''' (Arabic: {{ia|مسجد العُصْبَة}}), is an ancient mosque located in [[Medina]], also known as the al-Tawba Mosque. It is situated to the west of [[Quba' Mosque]], in an area abundant with farms and water wells. The mosque structure is an open, roofless square, measuring approximately eleven meters in length and width, with stone walls that stand at a height of one meter. It has been reported that the Prophet (s) prayed within the boundaries of this mosque.
'''Al-'Usba Mosque''' (Arabic: {{ia|مسجد العُصْبَة}}), is an ancient mosque located in [[Medina]], also known as the al-Tawba Mosque. It is situated to the west of [[Quba' Mosque]], in an area abundant with farms and water wells. The mosque structure is an open, roofless square, measuring approximately eleven meters in length and width, with stone walls that stand at a height of one meter. It has been reported that the Prophet (s) prayed within the boundaries of this mosque.
==The Prophet's Prayer==
[[Prophet Muhammad (S)]] offered prayers in the vicinity of this mosque, in the region of al-'Usba, near the [[al-Hujaym well]].<ref>''Al-Taʿrīf bi-mā ansat al-hijra'', p. 217.</ref>


==Location and Name==
==Location and Name==
The al-'Usba Mosque takes its name from its location in the village of al-'Usba. Al-'Usba village is situated to the west of Quba Mosque,<ref>''Al-Masājid al-atharīyya'', p. 123.</ref> in a region characterized by its lush fields and abundant water wells.<ref>''Al-Taʿrīf bi-mā ansat al-hijra'', p. 217.</ref> This area is also referred to as al-'Usba Castle and Fence.<ref>''Al-Maghānim al-muṭāba fī maʿālīm Ṭāba'', p. 265.</ref> This is the place where a group of the Emigrants (Muhajirin) stopped before the arrival of the Prophet (s) to Medina.<ref>''Al-Masājid al-atharīyya'', p. 124; ''Al-Maʿālim al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn al-ʿimāra wa l-tārīkh'', Part Four, Volume Three, p. 229-230.</ref>
The name of the al-'Usba Mosque is not mentioned in the geographical sources of Medina, but the al-Tawba Mosque in al-'Usba, near the Hujaym Well, is mentioned.<ref>''Al-Taʿrīf bi-mā ansat al-hijra'', p. 217; ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ'', Samhūdī, vol. 3, p. 248.</ref> 'Ali b. 'Abd Allah al-Samhudi, a historian of Medina in the eighth/fourteenth century, explicitly stated that he did not know the reason for the name of the al-Tawba Mosque.<ref>''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ'', Samhūdī, vol. 3, p. 248.</ref> This area was the residence of Banu Jahjaba, and therefore some have also named this mosque the Banu Jahjaba Mosque.<ref>Al-Maʿālim al-Madīnah al-Munawwara</ref>


The al-Usba Mosque takes its name from its location in the village of al-Usba. Al-Usba village is situated to the west of Quba Mosque,<ref>Masājid al-Āthariyya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 123.</ref> in a region characterized by its lush fields and abundant water wells.<ref>Al-Taʿrīf bimā Anasat al-Hijrah, Maṭarī, p. 217.</ref> This area is also referred to as Al-Usba Castle and Fence.<ref>Al-Maghānim al-Muṭāba fī Maʿālim Ṭābah, Fīrūzābādī, p. 265.</ref> This is the place where a group of the Emigrants (Muhajirin) stopped before the arrival of the Prophet (s) to Medina.<ref>Masājid al-Āthariyya, ʿAbdu al-Ghanī, p. 124; Maʿālim al-Madīnah al-Munawwara Bayna al-Miʿmāra wa al-Tārīkh, Part Four, Volume Three, p. 229-230.</ref>
Some researchers of Medina's history have identified this mosque with al-Nur Mosque (which was one of the mosques near Quba').<ref>''Al-Madīna bayn al-Māḍī wa al-Ḥāẓir'', p. 302</ref> However, in old sources, these mosques have not been considered the same.<ref>''Al-Masājid al-atharīyya'', p. 124</ref>


Additionally, it is recognized by several other names, including Al-Tawba Mosque, Al-Noor Mosque, and Al-Mu'assab Mosque.<ref>Masājid al-Āthariyya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 123.</ref> However, the reasons behind these alternative names are not well documented. [[Al-Samhudi]], a renowned historian of Medina from the 8th century AH, noted that the origin of the name "Al-Tawba Mosque" remains unknown, leaving the historical significance of the title somewhat unclear.<ref>Wafā’ al-Wafā’, Samhūdī, vol. 3, p. 248.</ref>
Reports available from the 15th/20th century place the location of this mosque in the garden of Ibrahim al-Turki, which was called Bustan al-'Usba.<ref>''Al-Madīna bayn al-Māḍī wa al-Ḥāẓir'', p. 302</ref>


The Structure of the Mosque
==History==
The mosque is designed as an open square, measuring approximately 11 meters in both length and width. Its stone walls rise to a height of one meter, with visible traces of whitewashing.<ref>Al-Madīnah Bayna al-Māḍhī wa al-Ḥāḍhir, p. 302; Masājid al-Āthariyya, ʿAbdu al-Ghanī, p. 124; Maʿālim al-Madīnah al-Munawwara Bayna al-Miʿmāra wa al-Tārīkh, Part Four, Volume Three, p. 229-230.</ref>
There is no precise information available about the time of the mosque's construction. Some speculate that this mosque may have been among the mosques built during the reign of [['Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz]] over Medina.<ref>''Maʿālim al-Madīna al-munawwara'', part 4, vol. 3, p. 228</ref> There was no trace of this mosque in the eighth/fourteenth and ninth/fifteenth centuries, as Muhammad b. Ahmad al-Matari (d. 741 AH) and al-Samhudi (d. 911 AH) mentioned it in the section of mosques that are not known.<ref>''Al-Taʿrīf bi-mā ansat al-hijra'', p. 217; ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ'', vol. 3, p. 248</ref> Muhammad Kibrit al-Madani (1012-1070 AH) also states in the eleventh/seventeenth century that there is no trace of this mosque.<ref>''Al-Jawāhir al-thamīna'', p. 157</ref> Ahmad al-Abbasi (d. eleventh century AH) spoke of the existence of the mosque's remains near the Hujaym Well.<ref>''ʿUmdat al-akhbār'', p. 175</ref>


==The Prophet's Prayer==
==Structure==
[[Prophet Muhammad (S)]] offered prayers in the vicinity of this mosque, in the region of al-Usba, near the [[al-Hujaym well]].<ref>''Al-Ta'rif bi-Ma Anista al-Hijrah'', p. 217.</ref>  
Today, the mosque's structure consists of a roofless square with a length and width of approximately 11 meters, and with stone walls one meter high that show traces of whitewashing.<ref>''Al-Masājid al-atharīyya'', p. 124; ''Al-Maʿālim al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn al-ʿimāra wa l-tārīkh'', Part Four, Volume Three, p. 229-230.</ref>


==Notes==
==Notes==
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==References==
==References==
{{References}}
{{References}}
* Al-Maghānīm al-Muṭāba fī Maʿālīm Ṭāba, by Muhammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Fīrūzābādī and Ḥamad al-Jāsir. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Dār al-Yamāmah for Research, Translation, and Publishing, 1389–1969.
* ''Al-Jawāhir al-thamīna fi maʿālim al-Madīna'', Muḥammad Kibrīt al-Ḥusaynī al-Madanī, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1997.
* Masājid al-Atharīyah, by Muhammad Ilyas Abd al-Ghani. Al-Rashid Press, Medina, 2nd edition, 1419 AH.
* ''Al-Maʿālim al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn al-ʿimāra wa l-tārīkh'', ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Kaʿakī, vol. 4, Beirut, 2011.
* Al-Ta'rif bi-Ma Anista al-Hijrah min Ma'alim Dar al-Hijrah, by Jamal al-Din Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Mu'tari. Edited by Sulayman al-Ruhayli. Riyadh, King Abdulaziz Foundation, 1426 AH.
* ''Al-Madīna bayn al-Māḍī wa al-Ḥāẓir'', Ibrāhīm b. ʿAlī al-ʿAyyāshī, 1972.
* Al-Madīnah Bayna al-Māḍhī wa al-Ḥāḍhir, by Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAlī al-ʿAyyāshī, 1972 Q.
* ''Al-Maghānim al-muṭāba fī maʿālim Ṭāba'', Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-Fīrūzābādī, Riyadh: Dār al-Yamāma li-l-Bahth wa l-Tarjima wa l-Nashr, 1389–1969.
* Al-Maʿālim al-Madīnah al-Munawwara Baina al-ʿImāra wa al-Tārīkh, by ʿAbdu al-ʿAzīz ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Kākī, vol. 4, Bayrūt, 2011.
* ''Al-Masājid al-atharīyya'', Muḥammad Ilyās ʿAbd al-Ghanī. Medina: Maṭābiʿ al-Rashīd, 2nd edition, 1419 AH.
* Wafā’ al-Wafā bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafāby Ali bin Abdullah al-Samhudi, edited by Qasim al-Samarai, London, Al-Furqan Islamic Heritage Foundation, 2001 CE.
* ''Al-Taʿrīf bi-mā ansat al-hijra min maʿālim dār al-hijra'', Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Maṭarī. Riyadh, Dārat al-Malik ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, 1426 AH.
 
* ''ʿUmdat al-akhbār fī Madīna al-mukhtār'', Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-ʿAbbāsī, Cairo: Asʿad Ṭarābazunī.
* ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ bi-akhbār dār al-Muṣṭafā'', ʿAli b. ʿAbd Allah al-Samhudi, London, Mūʾassisat al-Furqān li-l-Turāth al-Islāmī, 2001 CE.
{{end}}
{{end}}

Revision as of 18:38, 27 February 2025

Al-'Usba Mosque (Arabic: مسجد العُصْبَة), is an ancient mosque located in Medina, also known as the al-Tawba Mosque. It is situated to the west of Quba' Mosque, in an area abundant with farms and water wells. The mosque structure is an open, roofless square, measuring approximately eleven meters in length and width, with stone walls that stand at a height of one meter. It has been reported that the Prophet (s) prayed within the boundaries of this mosque.


The Prophet's Prayer

Prophet Muhammad (S) offered prayers in the vicinity of this mosque, in the region of al-'Usba, near the al-Hujaym well.[1]

Location and Name

The al-'Usba Mosque takes its name from its location in the village of al-'Usba. Al-'Usba village is situated to the west of Quba Mosque,[2] in a region characterized by its lush fields and abundant water wells.[3] This area is also referred to as al-'Usba Castle and Fence.[4] This is the place where a group of the Emigrants (Muhajirin) stopped before the arrival of the Prophet (s) to Medina.[5]

The name of the al-'Usba Mosque is not mentioned in the geographical sources of Medina, but the al-Tawba Mosque in al-'Usba, near the Hujaym Well, is mentioned.[6] 'Ali b. 'Abd Allah al-Samhudi, a historian of Medina in the eighth/fourteenth century, explicitly stated that he did not know the reason for the name of the al-Tawba Mosque.[7] This area was the residence of Banu Jahjaba, and therefore some have also named this mosque the Banu Jahjaba Mosque.[8]

Some researchers of Medina's history have identified this mosque with al-Nur Mosque (which was one of the mosques near Quba').[9] However, in old sources, these mosques have not been considered the same.[10]

Reports available from the 15th/20th century place the location of this mosque in the garden of Ibrahim al-Turki, which was called Bustan al-'Usba.[11]

History

There is no precise information available about the time of the mosque's construction. Some speculate that this mosque may have been among the mosques built during the reign of 'Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz over Medina.[12] There was no trace of this mosque in the eighth/fourteenth and ninth/fifteenth centuries, as Muhammad b. Ahmad al-Matari (d. 741 AH) and al-Samhudi (d. 911 AH) mentioned it in the section of mosques that are not known.[13] Muhammad Kibrit al-Madani (1012-1070 AH) also states in the eleventh/seventeenth century that there is no trace of this mosque.[14] Ahmad al-Abbasi (d. eleventh century AH) spoke of the existence of the mosque's remains near the Hujaym Well.[15]

Structure

Today, the mosque's structure consists of a roofless square with a length and width of approximately 11 meters, and with stone walls one meter high that show traces of whitewashing.[16]

Notes

  1. ↑ Al-Taʿrīf bi-mā ansat al-hijra, p. 217.
  2. ↑ Al-Masājid al-atharīyya, p. 123.
  3. ↑ Al-Taʿrīf bi-mā ansat al-hijra, p. 217.
  4. ↑ Al-Maghānim al-muṭāba fī maʿālīm Ṭāba, p. 265.
  5. ↑ Al-Masājid al-atharīyya, p. 124; Al-Maʿālim al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn al-ʿimāra wa l-tārīkh, Part Four, Volume Three, p. 229-230.
  6. ↑ Al-Taʿrīf bi-mā ansat al-hijra, p. 217; Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ, Samhūdī, vol. 3, p. 248.
  7. ↑ Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ, Samhūdī, vol. 3, p. 248.
  8. ↑ Al-Maʿālim al-Madīnah al-Munawwara
  9. ↑ Al-Madīna bayn al-Māḍī wa al-Ḥāẓir, p. 302
  10. ↑ Al-Masājid al-atharīyya, p. 124
  11. ↑ Al-Madīna bayn al-Māḍī wa al-Ḥāẓir, p. 302
  12. ↑ Maʿālim al-Madīna al-munawwara, part 4, vol. 3, p. 228
  13. ↑ Al-Taʿrīf bi-mā ansat al-hijra, p. 217; Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ, vol. 3, p. 248
  14. ↑ Al-Jawāhir al-thamīna, p. 157
  15. ↑ ʿUmdat al-akhbār, p. 175
  16. ↑ Al-Masājid al-atharīyya, p. 124; Al-Maʿālim al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn al-ʿimāra wa l-tārīkh, Part Four, Volume Three, p. 229-230.

References

  • Al-Jawāhir al-thamīna fi maʿālim al-Madīna, Muḥammad Kibrīt al-Ḥusaynī al-Madanī, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1997.
  • Al-Maʿālim al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn al-ʿimāra wa l-tārīkh, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Kaʿakī, vol. 4, Beirut, 2011.
  • Al-Madīna bayn al-Māḍī wa al-Ḥāẓir, Ibrāhīm b. ʿAlī al-ʿAyyāshī, 1972.
  • Al-Maghānim al-muṭāba fī maʿālim Ṭāba, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-Fīrūzābādī, Riyadh: Dār al-Yamāma li-l-Bahth wa l-Tarjima wa l-Nashr, 1389–1969.
  • Al-Masājid al-atharīyya, Muḥammad Ilyās ʿAbd al-Ghanī. Medina: Maṭābiʿ al-Rashīd, 2nd edition, 1419 AH.
  • Al-Taʿrīf bi-mā ansat al-hijra min maʿālim dār al-hijra, Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Maṭarī. Riyadh, Dārat al-Malik ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, 1426 AH.
  • ʿUmdat al-akhbār fī Madīna al-mukhtār, Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-ʿAbbāsī, Cairo: Asʿad Ṭarābazunī.
  • Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ bi-akhbār dār al-Muṣṭafā, ʿAli b. ʿAbd Allah al-Samhudi, London, Mūʾassisat al-Furqān li-l-Turāth al-Islāmī, 2001 CE.
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