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"Badr Martyrs Cemetery." "The graveyard of the martyrs of Badr is located in the vicinity of the city of Medina in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. According to historical accounts, the martyrs of the Battle of Badr are buried there. Badr is situated near the city of Medina. The cemetery of the Badr martyrs, according to historical travelogues, was an area adjacent to the Arish Mosque. Today, there is still a cemetery with a wall in the city of Badr, recognized as the burial place of the martyrs of Badr."

"The Battle of Badr" "The Battle of Badr was the first military expedition led by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in a region of the same name, occurring in the year 2 AH (After Hijra). At that time, Badr was a gathering place for the Arabs, hosting an annual market for eight days starting from the beginning of the month of Dhu al-Qa'dah."(1)( Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. Al-Maghāzī'.vol1.p384,,, • Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī.vol2.p28). "The Battle of Badr, which lasted half a day, concluded with the killing of seventy and the capture of the same number of polytheists. Only fourteen Muslims, consisting of six migrants and eight supporters, achieved martyrdom in this battle."(2)(' Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā.vol2.p12,,, Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. Al-Maghāzī'.vol1.p145-152).

"Martyrs of Badr Most historians have identified the martyrs of Badr as fourteen individuals. These fourteen include the following individuals:"(3) • Zāhidī Muqaddam, Muḥammad. Qazwi-yi badr, shuhadā wa mazārāt-i ān .p91). "Martyrs of Badr from the Migrants:

1. Ubaidah bin Harith 2. Umayr bin Abi Waqqas 3. Umayr bin Abd Amr bin Nudlah Khazai 4. Aqil bin Bukayr 5. Mihja' Ghulam of Umar bin Khattab 6. Safwan bin Bayda

Martyrs of Badr from the Ansar:

1. Sa'd bin Khuthaimah 2. Mubashir bin Abdul-Mundhir bin Zunbur 3. Yazid bin Harith bin Fushum 4. Umayr bin Humam 5. Rafi bin Mu'awi 6. Harithah bin Suraqah bin Harith 7. Awf bin Harith bin Rufa'ah 8. Mu'adh bin Harith bin Rufa'ah."

"The city of Badr" "Today, the region of Badr, also known as Badr Hunayn, has transformed into a city located 153 kilometers from Medina and 310 kilometers from Mecca. Its population in the year 1425 AH was over 33,000 people, and considering the population of its suburbs, it exceeded 58,000 people."(4)( • Zāhidī Muqaddam, Muḥammad. Qazwi-yi badr, shuhadā wa mazārāt-i ān.p17).

"Historical reports about the Badr Cemetery One of the oldest known reports about the Badr Cemetery dates back to Waqidi (d. 207 AH)."(5)( • Zāhidī Muqaddam, Muḥammad. Qazwi-yi badr, shuhadā wa mazārāt-i ān.p110). "According to Waqidi's report, the burial places of the martyrs were at some distance from each other."(6) Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. Al-Maghāzī'.vol1.p147). "In the fifth century, Bihiqi (d. 458 AH) visited this cemetery as a place of pilgrimage."(7) Bayhaqī, Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn al-. Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa wa maʿrifat aḥwāl ṣāḥib al-sharīʿa.vol3.p125). "In the sixth century, Ibn Jubayr observed the burial place of the martyrs of Badr in the year 578 AH. According to him, on that day, the battlefield of Badr had been transformed into a date palm grove, and the cemetery of the martyrs of Badr was located behind that date palm grove."(8)( • Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Riḥla Ibn Jubayr.p148). "Approximately a century later, in the year 688 AH, Abdari visited Badr and reported a large cemetery where the graves of the martyrs of Badr were located, west of the Arish Mosque."(9)( • ʿAbdarī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad. Riḥla al- ʿAbdarī.p346/347). "Several centuries later, in the year 1110 (AH 1170), Muhammad Taqi Sharifi Fasi reported about the location of the graves of the martyrs of Badr, surrounded by a short wall. He also mentioned a sanctuary attached to the cemetery. (Sharifi Fasi's travelogue, p. 354). In 1179, Wirthlani reported on the cemetery and the surrounding wall."(10)( • Warthīlānī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad. Al-Riḥla al- Warthīlānīyya..vol1.p419). "Other reports do not provide significantly different information."(11)( • Burckhardt, John Lewis. Tarḥāl fī al-jazīra al-ʿarabīyya.vol2.p193-195,,, • Hājib al-Dawla, ʿAlī b. Ḥusayn. Safarnāma Hāj ʿAlīkhān Iʿtimād al-salṭana..p97).

"The current status of the graves of the martyrs of Uhud." "Mohammad Ali Najafi, who visited the city of Badr between 1354-1357 SH (1975-1978), writes about the graves of the martyrs of Badr: 'During a period of pilgrimage and research in this area, I observed that the graves of the martyrs are situated among the general cemetery of Badr. Similar to all cemeteries in Saudi Arabia, they are flat, nameless, and unmarked. Only a short wall covered with white cement, fenced with iron rods, separates these graves from other tombs, giving them distinction.'"(12)( • Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī.vol2.p172). "The images available today of the cemetery of the martyrs of Badr depict a large graveyard surrounded by a white wall, with the graves marked by specific stones."(13)( "The images of the cemetery of Baqi.") منابع Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭā. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya,1410AH-1990. • Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Riḥla Ibn Jubayr. Beirut: Dār al-Maktaba al-Hilāl, 1986. • Warthīlānī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad. Al-Riḥla al- Warthīlānīyya. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa, 1429 AH. Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. Al-Maghāzī. Edited by Marsden Jones. Beirut: Muʾassisa al-Aʿlām, 1409 AH.

Bayhaqī, Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn al-. Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa wa maʿrifat aḥwāl ṣāḥib al-sharīʿa. Edited by ʿAbd al-Muʿṭī al-Qalʿajī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1405 AH. • Burckhardt, John Lewis. Tarḥāl fī al-jazīra al-ʿarabīyya (Travels in Arabia). Cairo: Al-Markaz al-Raqūmī li-l-Tarjuma, 2007. • ʿAbdarī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad. Riḥla al- ʿAbdarī. Damascus: Dār al- Saʿd al-Din, 1426 AH. • Zāhidī Muqaddam, Muḥammad. Qazwi-yi badr, shuhadā wa mazārāt-i ān. Tehran: Hajj and Pilgrimage Research Institute, 1401 sh.

• Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1387 sh. • Hājib al-Dawla, ʿAlī b. Ḥusayn. Safarnāma Hāj ʿAlīkhān Iʿtimād al-salṭana. . Tehran: Mashʿar, 1379 sh.