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Al-Thanāyā Mosque or Al-Thanāyā Dome(Arabic: مسجد الثنایا or قبة الثنایا) is one of the old mosques in [[Medina]], which was built at the place where the Prophet’s teeth were broken in the [[Battle of ʾUhud]]. This mosque was located in the north direction of the tomb of the martyrs of ʾUhud, near the mountain of ʾUhud, but today there is no trace of it.
Soleimani Mihrab
Soleimani altar is one of the altars of Al-Nabi Mosque. This mihrab is on the right side of the mihrab of the Prophet (PBUH) and on the left side of the pulpit of the Prophet. This mihrab was built in the mosque from the 9th century and was the place of prayer for the followers of the Hanafi religion. In 938, by order of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, they rebuilt this mihrab, and since then it has been known as Suleimani Mihrab.
The place of the altar
Soleimani Mihrab, which is also called Hanafi Mihrab, is one of the Mihrabs of Al-Nabi Mosque in Madinah, which is within the scope of the mosque during the time of the Prophet (PBUH), outside the Rozah, at the southern limit of the mosque (before the southern limit of Umar and Uthman’s development), front and side. The right side of the mihrab of the Prophet (PBUH) and the left side of the pulpit of the Messenger of God (PBUH) are located in the place of the third column west of this pulpit and the seventh column of Bab al-Salam.[1.  Rafʿat Pāshā ’Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, vol4,p609.  Rāfiʿī sūdānī, Musṭafā b. Muḥammad . Ittiḥāf  al-Muʾminīn p82  ,Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī vol 1,p168]
Create an altar
This mihrab was built in 861 Hijri during the era of Malik al-Ashraf Abu Nasr Inal, one of the kings of Egypt (857-865 AH) by the supervisor of the affairs of the Grand Mosque, Toghan Sheikh Ahmadi Hanafi (881 AH) [2. Sakhāwī, Muḥammad Tuḥfat al-laṭīfa vol1 p474.Rafʿat Pāshā. Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn vol 1 p469    Mʿālim dār al-hijra p250,251 ]. Daily prayers were led by an imam who stood at the Prophet’s altar outside the Hajj season and at the Ottoman altar during the Hajj season. Sheikh Toghan built a new mihrab in the mosque so that a separate congregational prayer can be held under the leadership of a Hanafi imam. After this date, the beginning of prayer was held under the Imamate of Imam Shafi’i, who stood in the Prophet’s Mihrab, and then Imam Hanafi prayed in the new Mihrab (which became known as the Hanafi Mihrab and later the Soleimani Mihrab). Imam Hanafi and Imam Shafi’i performed the Taraweeh prayer together in the nights of Ramadan. [3.Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ‘’Wafāʾ al-wafāvol2 p210, Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ‘’Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn vol 1p469,470  ] This issue spread from Madinah to Mecca as well. [4.Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ‘’Wafāʾ al-wafā. Vol 2p210.  ]
Becoming famous for Soleimani altar
The Hanafi altar was rebuilt in 938 Hijri by the order of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, preserving the appearance of the Prophet’s altar, and was decorated with black and white marble, and from then on, it became known as the Soleimani altar[5. Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ‘’Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn,vol p 470.  Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī. Vol 1.p168,169]. It is not held and the imam of Al-Nabi Mosque prays in the Ottoman altar.
Altar inscriptions
mihrab, there is an inscription in golden script on a shiny red oil background, which refers to the construction of the mihrab by the order of Sultan Suleiman in the year 938. [6. . Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ‘’Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn,vol 1 p 470.  Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī. Vol 1.p168,169]. It is not held and the imam  ]


==The story of Al-Thanāyā Mosque==
Inside and around the altar is also decorated with inscriptions of verses of the Koran. These verses are: Verse 162 of Al-Baqarah; 95 of Al-Imran and verse 112 of repentance. [7.  Ṣabrī Pāshā, Ayyūb. ‘’Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn’’vol 4.p610.. Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ‘’Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn,vol 1p470 Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī vol 1 p169 ]


There is no mention of this mosque in the old history and geography texts of [[Medina]]. But newer sources have indicated the existence of a mosque on Mount ʾUhud, which was built at the place where Prophet’s Incisors teeth was broken in the [[Battle of ʾUhud]]<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 2, p. 80.</ref>
==Notes==
 
{{Notes}}
===Reports from the end of the 13th/18th century/===
==references==
 
{{References}
According to the report of Muḥammad Riḍā Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī in 1296 AH/1878-9 this mosque was located 150 steps away from the grave of the martyrs of Uhud.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, ''Hidāya al-Ḥujjāj'', p. 213.</ref>
 
Ḥisām al-Salṭana, who went to [[Hajj]] in 1297AH/1879-80, reports that he entered the Al-Thanāyā Mosque and prayed there. According to him, this mosque had a small courtyard and a dome, and it was located in the north direction, above the shrine of [[Ḥamza Sayyid al-Shuhadā]]. <ref>Ḥisām al-Salṭana, ''Safarnāma-yi makka'', p. 154.</ref>
 
According to another report, this mosque was rebuilt by Haj Rāmz Pāshā, the son-in-law of Salīm Beyg Māynjī, in 1303 AH/ 1885-6. <ref>ʿAlī b. Mūsā, ''Risāʾil fī Tārīkh al-madīna'', p. 14.</ref>


Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā saw this mosque in 1319AH/1901-2 and spoke about it as follows:Near the graves of the martyrs, there is a water spring called ʿAyn Al-Thanāyā which can be reached by a few steps. There is the dome of Thanāyā.<ref>Rafʿat Pāshā, Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, p. 393.</ref> He has published two pictures of this dome in his book.<ref>Rafʿat Pāshā, Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, p. 599.</ref>
*Rāfiʿī sūdānī, Musṭafā b. Muḥammad . Ittiḥāf  al-Muʾminīn bi tārīkh masjid khātam al-nabyyīn. Medina: Maktabat al- Maktabat al-ʿIlmīyya, 1404 AH.


===Destruction of the mosque===
•Sakhāwī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. ‘’Al-Tuḥfat al-laṭīfa fī tārīkh al-Madīna al-sharīfa’’. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1414 AH-1993.


Because this mosque was located in the middle of the [[Shi'b Abi Talib|Shi'b]] and in the path of the flowing water that flowed from Mount ʾUhud in winter and spring, over time, first its dome collapsed and only the walls around the building remained, and after a while, due to its lack of reconstruction, It was completely destroyed.<ref>Kaʿkī,''Maʿālim al-madīna al-munawwara'', part 1: al-Maʿālim al-Ṭabīʿīyya, vol. 1: al-Jibāl, p. 186.</ref>Sayyid Aḥmad Yāsīn Khīyārī (b.1321/1903-4 -d.1380 AH/ 1960-1) confirmed in his book that the dome of Al-Thanāyā Mosque was destroyed and there were only remains of its building.<ref>Khīyārī, Tārīkh maʿālimal-madīna al-munawwara qadīman wa ḥadīthan p. 192.</ref>
•Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1387 sh.
 
*Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ‘’Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, aw, al-raḥlāt al-ḥijāziyya wa al-ḥaj wa mashāʿirihi al-dīniyya’’. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d].
According to the report of Rasūl Jaʿfariyān in 1416 AH/1995-6 There was no trace of this mosque in this place.<ref>Jaʿfariyān, ''Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 433.</ref>
*Yūsuf ,ʿAbd al-razzāq. Mʿālim dār al-hijra. Medina:  Maktabat al-ʿIlmīyya, 1401 AH.
 
*Ṣabrī Pāshā, Ayyūb. ‘’Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn’’. 1st edition. Cairo: Dār al-Āfāq al-ʿArabīyya, 1424 AH.
==Gallery==
*Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ‘’Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā’’. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 2006
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
file:قبه الثنايا 2.jpg
file:قبه الثنايا 3.jpg|The first image published by Ebrahim Rafat Pasha in his book ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn''. This photo was taken in 1319AH/1901-2.
file:قبه الثنايا 4.jpg|The second image published by Ebrahim Rafat Pasha in his book ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn''. This photo was taken in 1319AH/1901-2..
file:مسجد ثنایا تصویر قدیمی.jpg
</gallery>
=Notes==
{{Notes}}
==references==
{{References}}
*ʿAlī b. Mūsā. ''Risāʾil fī Tārīkh al-madīna''. Edited by Ḥamd al-jāsir, Riyadh: Dār al-yamāma, [n.d].
*Ibn Hishām, ʿAbd al-Malik. ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya''. Edited by Muṣṭafā al-Saqā, Ibrāhīm Ābyārī and ʿAbd al-Ḥafīz Shalbī. Cairo: 1355 AH/1936.
*Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl. ''Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1382 Sh.
*Kaʿkī,ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, ''Maʿālim al-madīna al-munawwara bayn al-ʿimāra wa al-tārīkh'', part 1: al-Maʿālim al-Ṭabīʿīyya, vol. 1: al-Jibāl, Beirut: Muʾllif, 1419 AH.  
*Khīyārī, Sayyid Aḥmad Yāsīn.''Tārīkh maʿālim al-madīna al-munawwara qadīman wa ḥadīthan''. Riyadh: al-Amāna alʿāmma li-liḥtifāl miʾat ʿām ʿalā tʾsīs al-mamlika al- ʿarabiyya al-suʿūdiyya, 1419 AH/1999.
*Rafʿat Pāshā, Ibrāhīm . ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn'', aw, al-raḥlāt al-ḥijāziyya wa al-ḥaj wa mashāʿirihi al-dīniyya’’. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n
*Sulṭān Murād Mīrzā Ḥisām al-salṭana .''Safarnāma-yi makka''. Edited by Rasūl Jaʿfarīyān, Tehran: Mashʿar, 1374 sh.
*Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, Muḥammad Riḍā .''Hidāya al-Ḥujjāj''. Qom: Muwarrikh, [n.d].
{{end}}
[[fa: مسجد ثنایا]]
[[ar: مسجد الثَّنایا]]

Revision as of 21:23, 2 September 2023

Soleimani Mihrab Soleimani altar is one of the altars of Al-Nabi Mosque. This mihrab is on the right side of the mihrab of the Prophet (PBUH) and on the left side of the pulpit of the Prophet. This mihrab was built in the mosque from the 9th century and was the place of prayer for the followers of the Hanafi religion. In 938, by order of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, they rebuilt this mihrab, and since then it has been known as Suleimani Mihrab. The place of the altar Soleimani Mihrab, which is also called Hanafi Mihrab, is one of the Mihrabs of Al-Nabi Mosque in Madinah, which is within the scope of the mosque during the time of the Prophet (PBUH), outside the Rozah, at the southern limit of the mosque (before the southern limit of Umar and Uthman’s development), front and side. The right side of the mihrab of the Prophet (PBUH) and the left side of the pulpit of the Messenger of God (PBUH) are located in the place of the third column west of this pulpit and the seventh column of Bab al-Salam.[1. Rafʿat Pāshā ’Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, vol4,p609. Rāfiʿī sūdānī, Musṭafā b. Muḥammad . Ittiḥāf al-Muʾminīn p82 ,Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī vol 1,p168] Create an altar This mihrab was built in 861 Hijri during the era of Malik al-Ashraf Abu Nasr Inal, one of the kings of Egypt (857-865 AH) by the supervisor of the affairs of the Grand Mosque, Toghan Sheikh Ahmadi Hanafi (881 AH) [2. Sakhāwī, Muḥammad Tuḥfat al-laṭīfa vol1 p474.Rafʿat Pāshā. Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn vol 1 p469 Mʿālim dār al-hijra p250,251 ]. Daily prayers were led by an imam who stood at the Prophet’s altar outside the Hajj season and at the Ottoman altar during the Hajj season. Sheikh Toghan built a new mihrab in the mosque so that a separate congregational prayer can be held under the leadership of a Hanafi imam. After this date, the beginning of prayer was held under the Imamate of Imam Shafi’i, who stood in the Prophet’s Mihrab, and then Imam Hanafi prayed in the new Mihrab (which became known as the Hanafi Mihrab and later the Soleimani Mihrab). Imam Hanafi and Imam Shafi’i performed the Taraweeh prayer together in the nights of Ramadan. [3.Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ‘’Wafāʾ al-wafāvol2 p210, Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ‘’Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn vol 1p469,470 ] This issue spread from Madinah to Mecca as well. [4.Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ‘’Wafāʾ al-wafā. Vol 2p210. ] Becoming famous for Soleimani altar The Hanafi altar was rebuilt in 938 Hijri by the order of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, preserving the appearance of the Prophet’s altar, and was decorated with black and white marble, and from then on, it became known as the Soleimani altar[5. Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ‘’Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn,vol p 470. Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī. Vol 1.p168,169]. It is not held and the imam of Al-Nabi Mosque prays in the Ottoman altar. Altar inscriptions mihrab, there is an inscription in golden script on a shiny red oil background, which refers to the construction of the mihrab by the order of Sultan Suleiman in the year 938. [6. . Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ‘’Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn,vol 1 p 470. Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī. Vol 1.p168,169]. It is not held and the imam ]

Inside and around the altar is also decorated with inscriptions of verses of the Koran. These verses are: Verse 162 of Al-Baqarah; 95 of Al-Imran and verse 112 of repentance. [7. Ṣabrī Pāshā, Ayyūb. ‘’Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn’’vol 4.p610.. Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ‘’Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn,vol 1p470 Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī vol 1 p169 ]

Notes

references

{{References}

  • Rāfiʿī sūdānī, Musṭafā b. Muḥammad . Ittiḥāf al-Muʾminīn bi tārīkh masjid khātam al-nabyyīn. Medina: Maktabat al- Maktabat al-ʿIlmīyya, 1404 AH.

•Sakhāwī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. ‘’Al-Tuḥfat al-laṭīfa fī tārīkh al-Madīna al-sharīfa’’. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1414 AH-1993.

•Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1387 sh.

  • Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ‘’Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, aw, al-raḥlāt al-ḥijāziyya wa al-ḥaj wa mashāʿirihi al-dīniyya’’. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d].
  • Yūsuf ,ʿAbd al-razzāq. Mʿālim dār al-hijra. Medina: Maktabat al-ʿIlmīyya, 1401 AH.
  • Ṣabrī Pāshā, Ayyūb. ‘’Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn’’. 1st edition. Cairo: Dār al-Āfāq al-ʿArabīyya, 1424 AH.
  • Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ‘’Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā’’. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 2006
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