WikiHaj

Umar b. Khattab Mosque (Medina): Difference between revisions

← Older edit
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
 
(15 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 7: Line 7:
| other names =  
| other names =  
| place = [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Medina]].
| place = [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Medina]].
| usage = Mosque, Performing congregational prayers
| usage = Mosque
| religious affiliation =  
| religious affiliation = Islam
| rituals =  congregational prayers
| venerated =  
| venerated =  
| founded_by =
| founded_by =
| established = 9th century AH
| established = 6th or 9th century AH
| events =  
| events =  
| reconstructions =
| reconstructions =
Line 35: Line 36:


==History==
==History==
Umar Mosque is one of the mosques located in the Musalla of the Prophet (s). The Musalla was an open, building-less area west of [[Masjid al-Nabai]]<ref name=":1">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%B3.pdf&page=122 Wafa' al-Wafa', vol. 3, p. 122]</ref> where [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] performed Eid prayers.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf&page=224 Masajid al-Athariyya, pp. 224-225]</ref>
Umar Mosque is one of the mosques located in the Musalla of the Prophet (s). The Musalla was an open, building-less area west of [[Masjid al-Nabi]]<ref name=":1">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%B3.pdf&page=122 Wafa' al-Wafa', vol. 3, p. 122]</ref> where [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] performed Eid prayers.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf&page=224 Masajid al-Athariyya, pp. 224-225]</ref>


===Name of the Mosque and Historical Accounts===
===Name and Historical Accounts===
Some scholars have identified the location of this mosque within the area of the houses of Al Durra (Dar 'Abd Allah b. Durrat al-Muzani)<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%88_%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AB%D8%A7.pdf&page=138 Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madina al-Munawwara Qadiman wa Hadithan, p. 138]</ref> where [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] performed Eid prayers<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A14_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AF1.pdf&page=444 Ma'alim al-Madina al-Munawwara Bayn al-'Imara wa al-Tarikh, vol. 1, part 4, p. 444]</ref> and it is possible that [[Umar b. al-Khattab]] also prayed in this location during his caliphate; hence, it was attributed to him.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf&page=249 Masajid al-Athariyya, p. 249]</ref> <ref>''Fusul min Tarikh al-Madina al-Munawwara, p. 152.''</ref>There is no historical evidence for this, and some researchers have rejected the possibility of the Prophet and other caliphs praying in this location.<ref name=":2">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%81%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86.pdf&page=230 ''al-Durr al-Thamin fi Ma'alim Dar al-Rasul al-Amin'', p. 230]</ref>
Some scholars have identified the location of this mosque within the area of the houses of Al Durra (Dar 'Abd Allah b. Durrat al-Muzani)<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%88_%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AB%D8%A7.pdf&page=138 Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madina al-Munawwara Qadiman wa Hadithan, p. 138]</ref> where [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] performed Eid prayers<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A14_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AF1.pdf&page=444 Ma'alim al-Madina al-Munawwara Bayn al-'Imara wa al-Tarikh, vol. 1, part 4, p. 444]</ref> and it is possible that [[Umar b. al-Khattab]] also prayed in this location during his caliphate; hence, it was attributed to him.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf&page=249 Masajid al-Athariyya, p. 249]</ref> <ref>''Fusul min Tarikh al-Madina al-Munawwara, p. 152.''</ref>There is no historical evidence for this, and some researchers have rejected the possibility of the Prophet and other caliphs praying in this location.<ref name=":2">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%81%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86.pdf&page=230 ''al-Durr al-Thamin fi Ma'alim Dar al-Rasul al-Amin'', p. 230]</ref>


===Construction Date of the Mosque===
===Date of Construction===
Muhammad Amin Shanqiti considers the establishment of the mosque to be in the sixth century AH,<ref name=":2" /> but other researchers have stated that the mosque building was established in the ninth century<ref name=":3">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf&page=223 Masajid al-Athariyya, p. 223]</ref> and claim: "Shaykh Shams al-Din Muhammad b. Ahmad Salawi built it after the year 850 AH." [[Ali b. 'Abd Allah al-Samhudi]], the historian of Medina (d. 911 AH), reported the construction of two mosques south of the Musalla in the year 850 AH,<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%B3.pdf&page=220 Wafa' al-Wafa', p. 220]</ref> and some researchers have identified one of them as the Umar Mosque.<ref name=":0" />
Muhammad Amin Shanqiti considers the establishment of the mosque to be in the 6th century AH,<ref name=":2" /> but other researchers have stated that the mosque building was established in the 9th century<ref name=":3">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf&page=223 Masajid al-Athariyya, p. 223]</ref> and claim: "Shaykh Shams al-Din Muhammad b. Ahmad Salawi built it after the year 850 AH." [[Ali b. 'Abd Allah al-Samhudi]], the historian of Medina (d. 911 AH), reported the construction of two mosques south of the Musalla in the year 850 AH,<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%B3.pdf&page=220 Wafa' al-Wafa', p. 220]</ref> and some researchers have identified one of them as the Umar Mosque.<ref name=":0" />


===Reconstruction of the Mosque===
===Reconstruction===
The current building of this mosque was constructed in 1266 AH/1849 CE during the reign of Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid I.<ref name=":0" /> It was at this time that the mosque acquired its current form with a dome and a minaret in the northwest corner of the building.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A14_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AF1.pdf&page=449 Ma'alim al-Madina al-Munawwara Bayn al-'Imara wa al-Tarikh, vol. 1, part 4, p. 449]</ref> 'Ali b. Musa observed the mosque in 1303 AH and described it as being next to the Abi Jayda waterway and having one minaret.<ref>''[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87.pdf&page=10 Wasf al-Madina, p. 10]''</ref>
The current building of this mosque was constructed in 1266 AH/1849 CE during the reign of Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid I.<ref name=":0" /> It was at this time that the mosque acquired its current form with a dome and a minaret in the northwest corner of the building.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A14_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AF1.pdf&page=449 Ma'alim al-Madina al-Munawwara Bayn al-'Imara wa al-Tarikh, vol. 1, part 4, p. 449]</ref> 'Ali b. Musa observed the mosque in 1303 AH and described it as being next to the Abi Jayda waterway and having one minaret.<ref>''[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87.pdf&page=10 Wasf al-Madina, p. 10]''</ref>


This mosque was renovated in 1411 AH/1999 CE during the reign of King Fahd b. 'Abd al-'Aziz.<ref name=":0" /> Ka'ki also mentioned other renovations in 1980 and 2008 CE.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A14_%DD9%84%D8%AF1.pdf&page=450 Ma'alim al-Madina al-Munawwara Bayn al-'Imara wa al-Tarikh, vol. 1, part 4, p. 450]</ref>
This mosque was renovated in 1411 AH/1990-1 CE during the reign of King Fahd b. 'Abd al-'Aziz.<ref name=":0" /> Ka'ki also mentioned other renovations in 1980 and 2008 CE.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A14_%DD9%84%D8%AF1.pdf&page=450 Ma'alim al-Madina al-Munawwara Bayn al-'Imara wa al-Tarikh, vol. 1, part 4, p. 450]</ref>
 
==Description of the Building==
The mosque building is square, and the height of its dome from the inside reaches about twelve meters.<ref name=":0">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf&page=248 Masajid al-Athariyya, p. 248]</ref> The architectural structure of the mosque is similar to [[Abu Bakr Mosque (Medina)|Abu Bakr Mosque]], which was built by Ottoman Sultan Mahmud in 1254 AH.<ref>Fusul min Tarikh al-Madina al-Munawwara, p. 152</ref> The exterior wall of the mosque is decorated with simple metal crenellations, and the interior wall, to a height of one and a half meters, has basalt (black) stone. The minaret of the mosque is located in the northwest corner of the wall. The area of the mosque is 335 square meters.<ref name=":0" />
 


==Architecture==
The mosque has a square plan, and the interior height of its dome is approximately 12 meters.<ref name=":0">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf&page=248 Masajid al-Athariyya, p. 248]</ref> The architectural structure of the mosque is similar to [[Abu Bakr Mosque (Medina)|Abu Bakr Mosque]], which was built by Ottoman Sultan Mahmud in 1254 AH.<ref>Fusul min Tarikh al-Madina al-Munawwara, p. 152</ref> The exterior wall of the mosque is decorated with simple metal crenellations, and the interior wall, to a height of one and a half meters, has basalt (black) stone. The minaret of the mosque is located in the northwest corner of the wall. The area of the mosque is 335 square meters.<ref name=":0" />


==Images==
==Images==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
File:نقشه مسجدهای مصلا.png|alt=|The above image shows the distance of the Musalla mosques to one of the corners of the current Masjid al-Nabawi building.
File:نقشه مسجدهای مصلا.png|alt=|The above image shows the distance of the [[Musalla Mosque|Musalla mosques]] to one of the corners of the current [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi|Masjid al-Nabi]] building.
</gallery>
</gallery>


Line 72: Line 71:
*'''al-Durr al-Thamin fi Ma'alim Dar al-Rasul al-Amin''', Ghali Muhammad Amin al-Shanqiti, Jeddah, Dar al-Qibla, 1992.
*'''al-Durr al-Thamin fi Ma'alim Dar al-Rasul al-Amin''', Ghali Muhammad Amin al-Shanqiti, Jeddah, Dar al-Qibla, 1992.
*'''Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madina al-Munawwara Qadiman wa Hadithan''', Khiyari, Ahmad Yasin Ahmad. 1419. 1 vol. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: The General Secretariat for the Celebration of the Centenary of the Establishment of the Kingdom.
*'''Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madina al-Munawwara Qadiman wa Hadithan''', Khiyari, Ahmad Yasin Ahmad. 1419. 1 vol. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: The General Secretariat for the Celebration of the Centenary of the Establishment of the Kingdom.
*'''Fusul min Tarikh al-Madina al-Munawwara''', 'Ali Hafiz, Publisher: Author. Third edition 1417 AH-1996 CE.{{پایان}}{{اماکن مدینه}}{{مساجد}}
*'''Fusul min Tarikh al-Madina al-Munawwara''', 'Ali Hafiz, Publisher: Author. Third edition 1417 AH-1996 CE.{{End}}


[[رده:مسجدهای مدینه]]
[[رده:مسجدهای مدینه]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikihaj.com/view/Umar_b._Khattab_Mosque_(Medina)"