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'''Al-Haramayn''' refers to the two sanctuaries of [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]]. The [[Al-Haram Al-Makki]] encompasses an area of the city of Mecca, and the [[Al-Haram Al- Madani|Al-Haram Al- Madani]] encompasses an area of the city of Medina. They are called "Haramayn" due to their sanctity and respect, as well as the prohibition of certain acts within them. They also share virtues and rulings in Islam; for example, the reward for performing prayer in the two Harams is a thousand times greater than in other places, and cutting trees there is forbidden. | '''Al-Haramayn''' refers to the two sanctuaries of [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]]. The [[Al-Haram Al-Makki]] encompasses an area of the city of Mecca, and the [[Al-Haram Al- Madani|Al-Haram Al- Madani]] encompasses an area of the city of [[Medina]]. They are called "Haramayn" due to their sanctity and respect, as well as the prohibition of certain acts within them. They also share virtues and rulings in Islam; for example, the reward for performing prayer in the two Harams is a thousand times greater than in other places, and cutting trees there is forbidden. | ||
The Meccan and Medinan Harams also differ in certain rulings; for instance, entering the Prophet’s Haram does not require donning the [[Ihram]]. Considering the characteristics of each Haram, there is disagreement regarding which one is superior to the other. | The Meccan and Medinan Harams also differ in certain rulings; for instance, entering the Prophet’s Haram does not require donning the [[Ihram]]. Considering the characteristics of each Haram, there is disagreement regarding which one is superior to the other. | ||
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==Al-Haram Al-Makki== | ==Al-Haram Al-Makki== | ||
[[file:نقشه محدوده حرم.jpg| | [[file:نقشه محدوده حرم.jpg|thumbnail|The area of Meccan Haram]] The Meccan Haram is an area of the city of [[Mecca]], which in Islam has special rulings, such as the prohibition of cutting trees,<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 230-231; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 5, p. 379-380; al-Nasāʾī ," Sunan al-Nasāʾī " ,vol. 5, p. 211.</ref> The prohibition of a non-Muslim entering<ref>al-Ṭūsī , "Al-Mabsūṭ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya" ,vol. 2, p. 47; al-Miqdād , " Kanz al-ʿIrfān fī Fiqh al-Qurʾān " ,vol. 1, p. 46; al-Shāfiʿī , " Al-Um " ,vol. 1, p. 71./ vol. 4, p. 187; b. Ḥazm , " Al-Muḥallā bi al-Āthār" ,vol. 4, p. 243.</ref> and the increase of the blood money for murder.<ref>al-Ṭūsī , "Al-Mabsūṭ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya" ,vol. 7, p. 116-117; Muḥaqqiq Ḥillī ," Al-Mukhtaṣar al-Nāfiʿ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya (al-Nāfiʿ fī Mukhtaṣar al-Sharāʾiʿ)" ,vol. 2, p. 302.</ref> | ||
The Al-Haram Al-Makki is considered a place of Haram; therefore, a person seeking refuge in the Haram, even if they are a criminal, is safe as long as they remain within the sanctuary, except if they commit a crime inside the Haram.<ref>al-Ṭūsī , " Al-Tibyān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān " ,vol. 2, p. 537; al-Mashhadī , "Kanz al-Daqāʾiq " ,vol. 3, p. 171.</ref> | The Al-Haram Al-Makki is considered a place of Haram; therefore, a person seeking refuge in the Haram, even if they are a criminal, is safe as long as they remain within the sanctuary, except if they commit a crime inside the Haram.<ref>al-Ṭūsī , " Al-Tibyān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān " ,vol. 2, p. 537; al-Mashhadī , "Kanz al-Daqāʾiq " ,vol. 3, p. 171.</ref> | ||
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In the narrations, regarding the history of [[Mecca]] becoming a Haram, there are three categories of narrations, tracing back to the period of the “creation of the heavens and the earth.<ref>al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol. 2, p. 214; al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 225; b. Bābawayh , "Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh " ,vol. 2, p. 245-246</ref> “After the descent of [[Adam (Prophet)|Prophet Adam(a)]].<ref>b. Bābawayh , "Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh " ,vol. 2, p. 192; al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 195; al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī , "Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa (Tafṣīl Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa ilā Taḥṣīl Masāʾil al-Sharīʿa" ,vol. 13, p. 221; al-Azraqī , " Akhbār Makkah wa Mā Jāʾa Fīhā min al-Āthār" ,vol. 1, p. 37-38; al-Fāsī , " Al-Zuhūr al-Muqṭaṭafa min Tārīkh Makkah al-Musharrafah", p. 33; al-Fāsī , " Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi Akhbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 105.</ref> And "The Era of [[Abraham (a)|Prophet Ibrahim(a)]]<ref>al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol.3, p. 224-225; al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 112-118.</ref> Some have combined these three together.<ref>al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 4, p. 189.</ref> The narrations have stated that the reason for Mecca becoming sacred is the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>b. Bābawayh (Shaykh Ṣaduq) ,ʿ"Ilal al-Sharāʾiʿ wa al-Aḥkām",vol. 2, p. 415; b. Khālid al-Barqī ," Al-Maḥāsin " , vol. 2, p. 330; al-Majlisī , " Biḥār al-Anwār al-Jāmiʿa li Durar Akhbār al-Aʾimma al-Aṭhār. " ,vol. 96, p. 43-44.</ref> | In the narrations, regarding the history of [[Mecca]] becoming a Haram, there are three categories of narrations, tracing back to the period of the “creation of the heavens and the earth.<ref>al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol. 2, p. 214; al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 225; b. Bābawayh , "Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh " ,vol. 2, p. 245-246</ref> “After the descent of [[Adam (Prophet)|Prophet Adam(a)]].<ref>b. Bābawayh , "Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh " ,vol. 2, p. 192; al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 195; al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī , "Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa (Tafṣīl Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa ilā Taḥṣīl Masāʾil al-Sharīʿa" ,vol. 13, p. 221; al-Azraqī , " Akhbār Makkah wa Mā Jāʾa Fīhā min al-Āthār" ,vol. 1, p. 37-38; al-Fāsī , " Al-Zuhūr al-Muqṭaṭafa min Tārīkh Makkah al-Musharrafah", p. 33; al-Fāsī , " Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi Akhbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 105.</ref> And "The Era of [[Abraham (a)|Prophet Ibrahim(a)]]<ref>al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol.3, p. 224-225; al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 112-118.</ref> Some have combined these three together.<ref>al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 4, p. 189.</ref> The narrations have stated that the reason for Mecca becoming sacred is the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>b. Bābawayh (Shaykh Ṣaduq) ,ʿ"Ilal al-Sharāʾiʿ wa al-Aḥkām",vol. 2, p. 415; b. Khālid al-Barqī ," Al-Maḥāsin " , vol. 2, p. 330; al-Majlisī , " Biḥār al-Anwār al-Jāmiʿa li Durar Akhbār al-Aʾimma al-Aṭhār. " ,vol. 96, p. 43-44.</ref> | ||
There is disagreement regarding the exact boundaries of the sacred area of [[Mecca]].<ref>al-Māwardī , "Al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭāniyya wa al-Wilāyāt al-Dīniyya" , vol. 2, p.164-165; al-Ṭūsī, "Al-Nihāya fī Mujarrad al-Fiqh wa al-Fatāwā ", p. 234.</ref> | There is disagreement regarding the exact boundaries of the sacred area of [[Mecca]].<ref>al-Māwardī , "Al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭāniyya wa al-Wilāyāt al-Dīniyya" , vol. 2, p.164-165; al-Ṭūsī, "Al-Nihāya fī Mujarrad al-Fiqh wa al-Fatāwā ", p. 234.</ref> Throughout Islamic history and even today, markers have been placed around the city of Mecca called "[[Ansab al-Haram]]" which define the boundaries of the sacred area based on the narrations left by the Prophet (s).<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 128-129. </ref> | ||
Throughout Islamic history and even today, markers have been placed around the city of Mecca called "[[Ansab al-Haram]]" which define the boundaries of the sacred area based on the narrations left by the Prophet (s).<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 128-129. </ref> | |||
According to some studies, the boundary of the sacred area extends 15,500 meters from the [[Ta’if]] side, 6,150 meters from the [[Tan‘īm]] side (the road to Medina), and 17,000 meters from the Yemen side.<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 157-158.</ref>And its perimeter is 127 kilometers.<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 165.</ref> | According to some studies, the boundary of the sacred area extends 15,500 meters from the [[Ta’if]] side, 6,150 meters from the [[Tan‘īm]] side (the road to Medina), and 17,000 meters from the Yemen side.<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 157-158.</ref>And its perimeter is 127 kilometers.<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 165.</ref> | ||
==Al-Haram Al-Madani== | ==Al-Haram Al-Madani== | ||
[[file:محدوده حرم مدنی.PNG| | [[file:محدوده حرم مدنی.PNG|thumbnail| The area of Al-Haram Al-Madani lies between [[Mount Thawr]] and [[Mount ʻIr.]]]] | ||
[[Al-Haram Al- Madani]] is a part of the city of Medina that holds reverence in Islam.<ref>al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 117-118; al-Bayhaqī , "Al-Sunan al-Kubrā" ,vol. 5, p. 198; al-Ṭabarānī , "Al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr " ,vol. 6, p. 92; Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal , "Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal", vol. 4, p. 55-56; al-Haythamī, "Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid ",vol. 3, p. 306; al-Ṭūsī" Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd ", vol. 10, p. 216; al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 117-118.</ref> And it has etiquettes and rulings, such as the virtue of performing ghusl (ritual ablution).<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 550; al-Ṭūsī, " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 6, p. 5; al-Ḥaṣkafī, "Al-Durr al-Mukhtār" ,vol. 1, p. 184; al-Nawawī , "Al-Majmūʿ Sharḥ al-Muḥaḏhab" , vol. 8, p. 273; Al-Shafiʿī, ''Fatḥ al-vahhāb'', vol. 1, p. 257.</ref> And it requires purification when entering it.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ", vol. 4, p. 550; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 6, p. 5.</ref> | [[Al-Haram Al- Madani]] is a part of the city of Medina that holds reverence in Islam.<ref>al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 117-118; al-Bayhaqī , "Al-Sunan al-Kubrā" ,vol. 5, p. 198; al-Ṭabarānī , "Al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr " ,vol. 6, p. 92; Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal , "Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal", vol. 4, p. 55-56; al-Haythamī, "Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid ",vol. 3, p. 306; al-Ṭūsī" Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd ", vol. 10, p. 216; al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 117-118.</ref> And it has etiquettes and rulings, such as the virtue of performing ghusl (ritual ablution).<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 550; al-Ṭūsī, " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 6, p. 5; al-Ḥaṣkafī, "Al-Durr al-Mukhtār" ,vol. 1, p. 184; al-Nawawī , "Al-Majmūʿ Sharḥ al-Muḥaḏhab" , vol. 8, p. 273; Al-Shafiʿī, ''Fatḥ al-vahhāb'', vol. 1, p. 257.</ref> And it requires purification when entering it.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ", vol. 4, p. 550; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 6, p. 5.</ref> | ||
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==Shared Virtues== | ==Shared Virtues== | ||
According to Shia narrations, the value of prayer in the Two Sacred Mosques is equivalent to a thousand prayers elsewhere.<ref>b. Bābawayh (Shaykh Ṣaduq), " Al-Khaṣāl al-Maḥmūda wa al-Madhmūma", p. 628.</ref> | According to Shia narrations, the value of prayer in the Two Sacred Mosques is equivalent to a thousand prayers elsewhere.<ref>b. Bābawayh (Shaykh Ṣaduq), " Al-Khaṣāl al-Maḥmūda wa al-Madhmūma", p. 628.</ref> And whoever dies in one of the Two Sacred Mosques is considered a "muhajir ila Allah" (one who has migrated for the sake of God).<ref>Ibn Qulawayh al-Qummī, " Kāmil al-Ziyārāt", p. 44; al-Majlisī , " Biḥār al-Anwār al-Jāmiʿa li Durar Akhbār al-Aʾimma al-Aṭhār. " ,vol. 96, p. 387.</ref> And is safe from punishment.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 558; Dārghotnī, ''Sunan dārghotnī'', vol. 2; p. 244; al-Rāwandī, "Al-Daʿawāt", p. 241.</ref> | ||
And whoever dies in one of the Two Sacred Mosques is considered a "muhajir ila Allah" (one who has migrated for the sake of God).<ref>Ibn Qulawayh al-Qummī, " Kāmil al-Ziyārāt", p. 44; al-Majlisī , " Biḥār al-Anwār al-Jāmiʿa li Durar Akhbār al-Aʾimma al-Aṭhār. " ,vol. 96, p. 387.</ref> And is safe from punishment.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 558; Dārghotnī, ''Sunan dārghotnī'', vol. 2; p. 244; al-Rāwandī, "Al-Daʿawāt", p. 241.</ref> | |||
==Shared Rulings== | ==Shared Rulings== | ||
• According to a group of Shia narrations, performing the full prayer in the Two Sacred Mosques carries virtue.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 524; al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī , "Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa (Tafṣīl Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa ilā Taḥṣīl Masāʾil al-Sharīʿa)" , vol. 8, p. 526/533.</ref> | • According to a group of Shia narrations, performing the full prayer in the Two Sacred Mosques carries virtue.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 524; al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī , "Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa (Tafṣīl Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa ilā Taḥṣīl Masāʾil al-Sharīʿa)" , vol. 8, p. 526/533.</ref> Some Shia jurists have considered performing the full prayer in the Two Sacred Mosques as recommended (mustahabb).<ref>al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 5, p. 425; Ḥillī , "Tadhkirat al-Fuqahāʾ", vol. 8, p. 444; Najafī , " Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām. ", vol. 14, p. 330.</ref> And some have issued a ruling allowing a choice between performing the prayer in shortened form or in full.<ref>ʿAlawī ʿĀmilī , "Manāhij al-Akhyār fī Sharḥ al-Istibsār" , vol. 3, p. 695; Najafī , " Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām. ", vol. 14, p. 329.</ref> Among jurists, there is disagreement regarding the boundaries for performing the full prayer in the two cities of Mecca and Medina.<ref> Imām Khomeinī, " Manāsik Ḥajj (Maḥshī" , p. 486; Ibn Idrīs (d. 598 AH). Al-Sarāʾir al-Ḥāwī li Taḥrīr al-Fatāwā" , vol. 1, p. 342; Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī ,"Al-ʿUrwa al-Wuthqā", vol. 3, p. 516. </ref> | ||
Some Shia jurists have considered performing the full prayer in the Two Sacred Mosques as recommended (mustahabb).<ref>al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 5, p. 425; Ḥillī , "Tadhkirat al-Fuqahāʾ", vol. 8, p. 444; Najafī , " Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām. ", vol. 14, p. 330.</ref> | |||
And some have issued a ruling allowing a choice between performing the prayer in shortened form or in full.<ref>ʿAlawī ʿĀmilī , "Manāhij al-Akhyār fī Sharḥ al-Istibsār" , vol. 3, p. 695; Najafī , " Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām. ", vol. 14, p. 329.</ref> | |||
Among jurists, there is disagreement regarding the boundaries for performing the full prayer in the two cities of Mecca and Medina.<ref> Imām Khomeinī, " Manāsik Ḥajj (Maḥshī" , p. 486; Ibn Idrīs (d. 598 AH). Al-Sarāʾir al-Ḥāwī li Taḥrīr al-Fatāwā" , vol. 1, p. 342; Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī ,"Al-ʿUrwa al-Wuthqā", vol. 3, p. 516. </ref> | |||
• Leaving the Two Sacred Mosques before sunrise and before performing the Dhuhr prayer is disliked.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 17/543; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 5, p. 452; Ḥillī , "Tadhkirat al-Fuqahāʾ", vol. 8, p. 447; Ḥillī , "Taḥrīr al-Aḥkām al-Sharʿiyya ʿalā Madhhab al-Imāmiyya" ,vol. 2, p. 116/882.</ref> | • Leaving the Two Sacred Mosques before sunrise and before performing the Dhuhr prayer is disliked.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 17/543; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 5, p. 452; Ḥillī , "Tadhkirat al-Fuqahāʾ", vol. 8, p. 447; Ḥillī , "Taḥrīr al-Aḥkām al-Sharʿiyya ʿalā Madhhab al-Imāmiyya" ,vol. 2, p. 116/882.</ref> | ||