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Pourghorbani

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{{Building
Fakh is an area in the north of [[Mecca]], near [[Tan'im Mosque]], about four kilometers from [[Masjid al-Haram]].
| title = Imam Ali Mosque
According to Shia jurists, this place is the location where children enter into ihram. The cemetery of the martyrs of Fakh is also located here.
| image =مسجد امام علی.jpg
This cemetery is the burial site of Husayn ibn Ali (known as Sahib al-Fakh) and a number of Hasanid nobles who were martyred in the battle against the Abbasids in the year 169 AH at Fakh.
| image size =
According to historians, the graves of some companions of the Prophet — including Abdullah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab — were also located in this area but were demolished during the Saudi period.
| image link =
According to some narrations, the Prophet prayed in this place, foretold the martyrdom of one of his descendants, and wept in mourning for him.
| image description =
==Location==
| other names =
Fakh, or Wādī Zāhir (Zahir Valley),<ref>Fāsī, '' Shifāʾ al-Gharām '', vol. 1, p. 472.
| place =Manakha district, west of the Prophet's Mosque in Medina
</ref>
| usage = mosque
It is the name of an area in the north of [[Mecca]], near [[Tan'im Mosque]].
| religious affiliation = Islam
This place is located 4 kilometers from al-Masjid al-Ḥarām (the Sacred Mosque).
| beliefs =
Today, this place is referred to as “Ḥayyu al-Shuhadā’” (the Neighborhood of the Martyrs).
| rituals =
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| reconstructions =
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| missing parts =
| historical features = The place of Eid prayers by the Prophet and Imam Ali
| trustee =
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| latitude =  24.467055583164395
| longitude = 39.606326617068355
| map description =  
}}
 
'''Imam Ali Mosque(a)''' is one of the historical mosques in [[Medina]], built on the site of the [[Musalla of the Prophet(s)]]. The prayer ground was an open area where the Prophet and the people of Medina performed Eid al-Adha and Eid al-Fitr prayers. This mosque is located in the [[Manakha]] district, west of the [[Prophet's Mosque]]. According to reports, Imam Ali (a) led Eid prayers at this site when [[Uthman ibn Affan|Uthman]] was under siege by his opponents.


==Location== 
The Cemetery of the Martyrs of Fakh
The Mosque of Ali ibn Abi Talib (AS), the [[Musalla Mosque]], and the [[Abu Bakr Mosque (Medina)|Abu Bakr Mosque]] are three mosques known as the Prophet's Prayer Ground Mosques in the Manakha district. These mosques are located close to each other, west of the Prophet's Mosque.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Masajid_al-Athariya.pdf&page=223 Masājid al-Athariya, p. 223]</ref> The Imam Ali Mosque is located north of the Musalla Mosque and the Abu Bakr Mosque, with a distance of 122 meters from the Musalla Mosque, 80 meters from the Abu Bakr Mosque, and 290 meters from the Prophet's Mosque.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Masajid_al-Athariya.pdf&page=242 Masājid al-Athariya, p. 242]; Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-ʿImāra wa al-Tārīkh, vol. 1, p. 486.</ref> 
In the Fakh area, there is a mountain at the foot of which lies a cemetery known as the Cemetery of the Martyrs of Fakh.(2) Jaʿfarīān, ''Āthār Islāmiyya Makkah wa Madīnah'' , p. 199-200.
The martyrs of Fakh were a group of Sādāt Ḥasanī (descendants of Imam Hasan) who were martyred in the battle against the Abbasids in the year 169 AH at this pl According to the latest contemporary sources, this cemetery is relatively spacious but has been divided into three sections due to the road. ace.(3) Ibn Khaldūn, ''Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn'' vol. 5,p. 148.
According to the latest contemporary sources, this cemetery is relatively spacious but has been divided into three sections due to the road. Part of it is about two meters above street level, and the main section is enclosed by a courtyard wall with a gate that is always closed. It is said that the grave of Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī (the martyr of Fakh) is located within this walled enclosure.(2) Jaʿfarīān, ''Āthār Islāmiyya Makkah wa Madīnah'' , p. 199-200.


According to Samhudi (d. 911 AH), a historian of Medina, these mosques were built on the sites where the Prophet performed Eid prayers. These locations were initially not mosques but open spaces or deserts that were later converted into mosques.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Wafa_al-Wafa_Samhudi_Vol3.pdf&page=122 Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ, vol. 3, p. 122]</ref> 
According to some reports from the year 1391 SH (2012-2013 CE), the Cemetery of the Martyrs of Fakh was destroyed and turned into a garbage dump.(4) ISNA, news code: 91090602351.


==Naming== 
The Martyr of Fakh
According to narrations, when Uthman was under siege in his house by his opponents, [[Imam Ali (AS)]] performed Eid prayers at this site. Some historians of Medina believe this event is the reason for the mosque's name.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Wafa_al-Wafa_Samhudi_Vol3.pdf&page=121 Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ, vol. 3, p. 121]</ref> They emphasize that Imam Ali (AS) and the caliphs only performed Eid prayers at the Prophet's prayer grounds; thus, the Mosque of Ali ibn Abi Talib is one of the Prophet's prayer grounds.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Al-Taʿrīf bi-mā Anasat al-Hijra.pdf&page=147 Al-Taʿrīf bi-mā Anasat al-Hijra, p. 147]</ref> 
Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī ibn Ḥasan al-Muthallath ibn Ḥasan al-Muthannā, son of Imam Hasan al-Mujtaba (peace be upon him), known as Ṣāḥib al-Fakh(5) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 364.
He was the leader of a revolt against the Abbasid government, which is referred to as the Incident of Fakh or the Uprising of Fakh(6) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 366-367.


==History of the Mosque's Construction== 
Ṣāḥib al-Fakh was martyred on the 8th of Dhul-Hijjah in the year 169 AH (Yawm al-Tarwiyah) in the Fakh region during the battle against the army of Hādī al-‘Abbāsī (reigned 169–170 AH), along with most of his soldiers, including about 100 of the Hasanid descendants(7) ʿ Amīn Āmīlī,, '' A‘yān al-Shīʿa'',vol. 6, p. 97.
According to Samhudi, the mosque was first built during the time of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (r. 87–93 AH). However, it was later abandoned, and the site became a burial ground for pilgrims who passed away during the [[Hajj season]]. In 881 AH, Zayn al-Din Digham al-Mansuri, the governor of Medina, reconstructed it.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Wafa_al-Wafa_Samhudi_Vol3.pdf&page=123 Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ, vol. 3, p. 123]</ref> 
According to al-Ḥamawī, a 7th-century AH historian, the bodies of the martyrs, after remaining on the ground for three days and being preyed upon by wild animals, were buried in the place now known as the Cemetery of the Martyrs of Fakh.(8) Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, '' Muʿjam al-Buldān'',vol. 4, p. 238.
The Martyr of Fakh, or Ṣāḥib al-Fakh, began his uprising from Medina.(9) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 372.
After taking control of the city, due to the approaching Hajj season, he moved toward Mecca with 300 of his companions and close followers.
But upon reaching the Fakh region, he confronted the Abbasid army, commanded by ʿAbbās ibn Muḥammad (a descendant of ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAbbās), and in this battle all of his army were martyred, with only a few captured. Some of his relatives, including his uncle Idrīs ibn ʿAbdullāh, managed to escape Idrīs fled to the Maghreb and established the Idrisid dynasty there.(10) Various Authors, ''Tārīkh al-Tashayyūʿ''. Vol. 1, p. 263.
Other Graves
It is said that ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb(11) Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-Kubrā'',vol. 4, p. 142.
And a number of the ṣaḥābah (companions of the Prophet) are also buried in the Fakh region(12) Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, '' Muʿjam al-Buldān'',vol. 4, p. 238.
There is also a report of the burial of ʿAbdullāh ibn Zubayr in Fakh(13) Jaʿfarīān, '',Āthār Islāmiyya Makkah wa Madīnah '', p. 200.
Virtue / Merit


Ali ibn Musa, in 1303 AH (1885 CE), described the mosque as having a single minaret.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Wasf_al-Madina_al-Munawwara.pdf&page=1 Wasf al-Madīna al-Munawwara, p. 17]</ref> Ibrahim Rif'at Pasha also mentioned the mosque during his travels in 1318 AH.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/images/9/9e/Mirʾāt_al-Haramayn_Ibrahim_Rifʿat_Pasha_Vol1.pdf Mirʾāt al-Haramayn, vol. 1, p. 422]</ref> 
According to a narration, the Messenger of God (peace be upon him), while traveling from Medina to Mecca, performed ghusl (ritual purification) at Fakh, which was six miles from Mecca [and is now part of the city of Mecca], before entering Mecca.(14) Ḥumayrī, '' al-Rawḍ al-Miʿṭār fī Khabar al-Aqṭār'', p. 436.


===Reconstruction in the 13th Century AH===
According to another narration, the Prophet (peace be upon him) stood in ṣalāh (prayer) at this place and wept during the prayer The Prophet explained that he wept because one of his descendants would be martyred at this place.(15) ) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 366-367.
An inscription, reportedly present on the mosque's wall until the early 20th century, contained verses indicating that the mosque was reconstructed in 1269 AH (1852 CE) during the reign of Sultan Abdulmejid I of the Ottoman Empire.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Al-Madina_al-Munawwara_Tatawwuruhā_al-ʿUmrānī.pdf&page=158 Al-Madīna al-Munawwara, p. 158]; [https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Maʿālim_al-Madīna_al-Munawwara_bayn_al-ʿImāra_wa_al-Tārīkh_Juzʾ4_Mujallad1.pdf&page=489 Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara, Juzʾ 4, Mujallad 1, p. 489]</ref> The building, before its reconstruction in 1411 AH (1991 CE), looked like this: 


[[File:نمای مسجد امام علی پیش از بازسازی 1991.png|وسط|بی‌قاب|593x593px|جایگزین=The building as it stood in 1269 AH]] 


===Reconstruction in 1991 CE=== 
Also, Imam Ja‘far al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him), while passing through this place, foretold the martyrdom of one of his Ahl al-Bayt at this location.(16) ) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 367. , Muḥaddith Qumī, ''Muntahā al-Āmāl'', vol. 1, p. 261.
The Imam Ali Mosque in Manakha was completely demolished and reconstructed in 1411 AH (1991 CE) due to its deterioration. It was rebuilt in its original architectural style,<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Masajid_al-Athariya.pdf&page=243 Masājid al-Athariya, p. 243]; [https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Maʿālim_al-Madīna_al-Munawwara_bayn_al-ʿImāra_wa_al-Tārīkh_Juzʾ4_Mujallad1.pdf&page=490 Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara, Juzʾ 4, Mujallad 1, p. 490]</ref> with the addition of a women's prayer area and restrooms.<ref name=":0">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Maʿālim_al-Madīna_al-Munawwara_bayn_al-ʿImāra_wa_al-Tārīkh_Juzʾ4_Mujallad1.pdf&page=490 Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara, Juzʾ 4, Mujallad 1, p. 490]</ref> Further renovations were carried out in 1429 AH (2009 CE).<ref name=":0" /> 
[[File:نمای مسجد علی بن ابیطالب بعد از بازسازی 1991.tif|وسط|بی‌قاب|500px|Imam Ali Mosque after the 1991 reconstruction.]] 


==Architectural Features== 
The Imam Ali Mosque (AS) has a rectangular structure. To the north is an open courtyard, and to the south is a covered arcade with seven domes, the largest of which is above the mihrab. The arcade is 30 meters long and 6 meters wide, with doors opening to the mosque's courtyard. The mosque also has a minaret located in the southeastern corner.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Maʿālim_al-Madīna_al-Munawwara_bayn_al-ʿImāra_wa_al-Tārīkh_Juzʾ4_Mujallad1.pdf&page=490 Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-ʿImāra wa al-Tārīkh, vol. 1, p. 490]</ref> 


==Gallery== 
Sheikh Tusi, in his book Rijāl, considered Ṣāḥib al-Fakh to be among the companions of Imam Ja‘far al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him(17) Ṭūsī, '' Rijāl al-Ṭūsī'', p. 489.
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px"> 
File:مسجد امام علی (ع).jpg 
File:مسجد امام علی (ع)2.jpg 
File:کتیبه مسجد امام علی.webp 
File:مسجد امام علی در ورودی.webp 
</gallery> 
The image below shows the distance between the Prayer Ground Mosques and one of the corners of the current Prophet's Mosque building.
[[File:نقشه_مسجدهای_مصلا.png|جایگزین=مسجدهای مصلا در مناخه|وسط|بی‌قاب|593x593پیکسل]] 


==Related Topics== 
It is narrated that Imam Musa al-Kāẓim (peace be upon him) honored the Martyr of Fakh(18) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 380.
[[Musalla of the Prophet]] 


==Notes== 
Miqāt for Children
{{Notes}} 


==References== 
According to Shia jurists, based on narrations, Fakh is considered the miqāt (designated station for entering ihrām) for children.(19) Rūḥānī, '' al-Murtaqā ilā al-Fiqh al-Arqā '', vol. 2, p. 28.
{{References}} 
In a narration, Imam Ja‘far al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him), in response to the question of where the sewn garments of children could be removed [and where they could be made to enter ihrām], said: “My father, Imam Muhammad al-Bāqir (peace be upon him), would remove the children’s garments at Fakh and make them enter ihrām.”(20) Kulaynī, '' al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 303. , Shaykh Ṣadūq, '' Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh''  , vol. 2, p. 433.
*Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-ʿImāra wa al-Tārīkh**, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Kaʿkī, Beirut: Dār Maktabat al-Hilāl, 2007.
Some jurists believe that the guardian of a child can make the child enter ihrām at one of the five designated miqāts on their behalf—by intending on their behalf and reciting the Talbiyah—but the act of removing the child’s garments and putting on the ihrām can be delayed until reaching Fakh.(21) Anṣārī, '' Maʿālim al-Dīn fī Fiqh Āl Yāsīn ''  ,vol. 1, p. 230. , Rūḥānī, '' al-Murtaqā ilā al-Fiqh al-Arqā '', vol. 2, p. 28.
*Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā**, ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Samhūdī, edited by Qāsim al-Sāmarrāʾī, London: Al-Furqān, 2001 CE.   
*Al-Taʿrīf bi-mā Anasat al-Hijra**, Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Muṭarrī, edited by Sulaymān al-Rāḥilī, Riyadh: Idārat al-Malik ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, 1426 AH.
*Masājid al-Athariya fī al-Madīna al-Nabawiyya**, Muḥammad Ilyās ʿAbd al-Ghanī, Medina: Self-published.
*Wasf al-Madīna al-Munawwara** 
*Al-Madīna al-Munawwara Tatawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī wa Turāthuhā al-Miʿmārī**, Ṣāliḥ Lamʿī Muṣṭafā, Beirut: Dār al-Nahḍa al-ʿArabiyya, 1981.
*Mirʾāt al-Haramayn**, Ibrāhīm Rifʿat Pāshā.


{{end}}{{Places in Medina}} 
Most Shia jurists believe that the actual ihrām for children can be performed from Fakh, serving as their designated miqāt.(22) Anṣārī, '' Mawsūʿat Aḥkām al-Aṭfāl wa Adillatuhā'' , vol. 5, p. 282.
{{Mosques}} 
Of course, this applies to cases other than Ḥajj al-Tamattu


[[Category:Mosques in Medina]] 
Some contemporary jurists, such as Muhammad-Taqi Bahjat, hold that the guardian of a child can make the child enter ihrām at one of the well-known miqāts and may delay the removal of the sewn garments and putting on the ihrām until reaching Fakh.(23) Iftikhārī Golpāygānī, ''  Ārāʾ al-Marājiʿ fī al-Ḥajj ʿalā Ḍawʾ Fatāwā al-Imām al-Khomeynī. '', vol. 1, p. 34.
[[Category:Historical sites in Medina]] 
Sunni jurists are either opposed to this or remain silent on the matter. However, some of them say that there is no problem in delaying the ihrām of a child until reaching the Ḥaram (the Sacred Mosque) or near it(24) Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr al-Qurṭubī, '' al-Kāfī fī Fiqh Ahl al-Madīnah '',vol. 1, p. 411.
[[Category:Religious sites in Medina]] 
 
[[Category:Places attributed to Imam Ali in Medina]]
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