Dahw al-Ard: Difference between revisions

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'''Daḥw al-Arḍ''' (Arabic: {{ia|دحو الأرض}}), means the expansion or spreading out of the earth. Interpretations vary, with some suggesting the emergence of land from water and others proposing the earth's physical movement.

Surah An-Nazi'at (79), verses 27-33, reference the earth's expansion following the creation of the heavens ({{ia|وَ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ دَحَاهَا}}). Some Islamic narrations pinpoint the starting point of this expansion to Mecca or specifically beneath the Ka'ba.

Surah An-Nazi'at (79), verses 27-33, reference the earth's expansion following the creation of the heavens {{inline verse|وَ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ دَحَاهَا}}. Some Islamic narrations pinpoint the starting point of this expansion to Mecca or specifically beneath the Ka'ba.

Some narrations associate Dahw al-Ard with the [[25th of Dhu l-Qa'da]], a day recommended for ablution and fasting due to its reported spiritual rewards.

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Contemporary Shia scholar, Shahristani offers an alternative interpretation of "Dahw al-Ard." Unlike traditional views of expansion or spreading, he posits that the term refers to the earth's positional and translational movement. Shahristani considers the notion of physical expansion derived from "dahw" to be a misinterpretation.<ref>Shahristānī, ''Islām wa hayʾat'', p. 141-161; Ashraf Ḥasanī, ''Zamīn wa āsimān dar Qurʾān wa nahj al-balāgha'', p. 55.</ref>

A further interpretation of Dahw al-Ard suggests the earth's preparation for life. This process, according to these scholars, entailed the emergence of subterranean waters, enabling plant growth and establishing stable mountain ranges to overcome environmental challenges.<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al-Tafsīr al-~~Kabīr~~'', vol. 31, P. 48; Ibn Kathīr, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm'', vol. 1, p. 123.</ref>

A further interpretation of Dahw al-Ard suggests the earth's preparation for life. This process, according to these scholars, entailed the emergence of subterranean waters, enabling plant growth and establishing stable mountain ranges to overcome environmental challenges.<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al-Tafsīr al-kabīr'', vol. 31, P. 48; Ibn Kathīr, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm'', vol. 1, p. 123.</ref>

Given the earth's spherical shape, the concept of material expansion related to Dahw al-Ard is often rejected.<ref>Nasafī, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-jalīl'', vol. 4, p. 315; Marāghī, ''Tafsīr al-Marāghī'', vol. 30, p. 31-32.</ref> Some scholars instead interpret this term as the enlargement of habitable land areas, as perceived by humans, rather than a global expansion.<ref>Shaʿrānī, ''Nathr-i ṭūba'', vol. 1, p. 253.</ref>

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In the Torah, there is a reference to Dahw al-Ard: '9 And God said, “Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear.” And it was so. 10 God called the dry ground “land,” and the gathered waters he called “seas.” And God saw that it was good. 11 Then God said, “Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds.” And it was so.'<ref>Genesis: 1: 9-11</ref>

===In the Quran===

In the Quran, there is a reference to the expansion of the earth (Dahw al-Ard دحو الأرض). <ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʿ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 30, p. 29; Ṭūsī, ''al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 260; Thaʿlabī, ''al-Kashf wa l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 127.</ref>

In the Quran, there is a reference to the expansion of the earth (Dahw al-Ard {{ia|دحو الأرض}}).<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʿ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 30, p. 29; Ṭūsī, ''al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 260; Thaʿlabī, ''al-Kashf wa l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 127.</ref>

The Quranic verses 27-33 in Sura al-Nazi'at (79) describe the expansion of the earth following the creation of the heavens. Verse 30 specifically employs the phrase "{{Ia|والارض بعد ذلک دحاها

The Quranic verses 27-33 in Sura al-Nazi'at (79) describe the expansion of the earth following the creation of the heavens. Verse 30 specifically employs the phrase "{{inline verse|والارض بعد ذلک دحاها}}" (and thereafter He spread the earth) to illustrate this concept.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 660; Samarqandī, ''Tafsīr al-Samarqandī'', vol. 3, p. 522; Baghawī, ''Tafsir al-Baghawī'', vol. 4, p. 444.</ref>

}}" (and thereafter He spread the earth) to illustrate this concept.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 660; Samarqandī, ''Tafsīr al-Samarqandī'', vol. 3, p. 522; Baghawī, ''Tafsir al-Baghawī'', vol. 4, p. 444.</ref>

~~Surah Al~~-Shams (91), verse 6, includes an oath by "the earth and its expander," using the phrase "{{Ia|وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا طَحَاهَا}}." Some scholars propose that the root of "taha" is "daha," with a linguistic transformation from "dal" to "ta." They interpret "taha" in this context as meaning "expanding," "spreading," or "extending."<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 358; Fakhr al-Rāzī,''al-Tafsīr al-~~Kabīr~~'', vol. 31, p. 192; Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', vol. 15, p. 4; word «طحا».</ref>

Sura al-Shams (91), verse 6, includes an oath by "the earth and its expander," using the phrase "{{inline verse|وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا طَحَاهَا}}." Some scholars propose that the root of "taha" is "daha," with a linguistic transformation from "dal" to "ta." They interpret "taha" in this context as meaning "expanding," "spreading," or "extending."<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 358; Fakhr al-Rāzī,''al-Tafsīr al-kabīr'', vol. 31, p. 192; Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', vol. 15, p. 4; word «طحا».</ref>

==Expansion of the Earth from Beneath the Ka'ba==

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*Baḥrānī, Yūsuf al-. ''Al-Ḥadāʾiq al-nāḍira fī aḥkām al-ʿitrat al-ṭāhira''. Edited by Muḥammad Taqī Īrawānī and Sayyid ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Muqarram. Qom: Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1405 AH.

*Dihkhudā, ʿAlī Akbar. ''Lughatnāma''. Tehran: Dānishgāh-i Tehrān, 1377 Sh.

*Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. al-ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Tafsīr al-~~Kabīr~~''. Qom: Intishārāt-i Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī, 1413 AH.

*Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. al-ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Tafsīr al-kabīr''. Qom: Intishārāt-i Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī, 1413 AH.

* Ashraf Ḥasanī, Amīr ʿAlī. ''Zamīn wa āsimān dar Qurʾān wa nahj al-balāgha''. Tehran: Amīrī, 1380 Sh.

*Ḥasanzāda Āmulī, Ḥasan. ''Durūs hayʾat wa dīgar rishtihā-yi rīyāḍī''. Qom: Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī, 1375 Sh.

*Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa''. Qom: ~~Muʾassisat~~ Āl al-Bayt, 1414 AH.

*Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa''. Qom: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt, 1414 AH.

*Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm''. 1st edition. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1419 AH.

*Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukarram. ''Lisān al-ʿArab''. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1414 AH

*Ibn Ṭāwūs, ʿAlī b. Mūsā. ''Iqbāl al-aʿmāl''. Edited by Jawād Qayyūmī. Qom: Markaz al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1415 AH.

*Kafʿamī, Ibrāhīm b. ʿAlī al-. ''Al-Miṣbāḥ''. Beirut: Aʿlamī, 1403 AH.

*Khwānsārī, Ḥusayn b. Jamāl al-Dīn al-. ''Mashāriq al-shumūs''. Qom: ~~Muʾassisat~~ Āl al-Bayt, [n.d].

*Khwānsārī, Ḥusayn b. Jamāl al-Dīn al-. ''Mashāriq al-shumūs''. Qom: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt, [n.d].

*Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī & Muḥammad Ākhūndī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH.

*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.

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*Muʾmin al-Sabziwārī, Muḥammad Bāqir b. Muḥammad al-. ''Dhakhīrat al-maʿād fī sharḥ al-Irshād''. Tehran: Lithography, 1273-1274 Sh.

*Marāghī, Aḥmad Muṣtafā al-. ''Tafsīr al-Marāghī''. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, [n.d].

*Mūsawī al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Madārik al-aḥkām fī sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām''. Qom: ~~Muʾassisat~~ Āl al-Bayt 1410 AH.

*Mūsawī al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Madārik al-aḥkām fī sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām''. Qom: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt 1410 AH.

*Mūsawī al-Iṣfahānī, Muḥammad Taqī al-. ''Mikyāl al-makārim''. Edited by Sayyid ʿAlī ʿĀshūr. Beirut: Aʿlamī, 1421 AH.

*Nasafī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad. ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-jalīl, al-musammā bi madārik al-tanzīl wa ḥaqāʾiq al-taʾwīl''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿArabī, [n.d].

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*Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad al-. ''Mufradāt alfāẓ al-Qurʾān''. Damascus: Dār al-Qalam, 1412 AH.

*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Qom: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1404 AH.

*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Al-Amālī''. Qom: ~~Muʾassisat~~ al-Biʿtha, 1417 AH.

*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Al-Amālī''. Qom: Muʾassasat al-Biʿtha, 1417 AH.

*Samarqandī, Naṣr b. Muḥammad al-. ''Tafsīr al-Samarqandī al-musammā baḥr al-ʿulūm''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1416 AH.

*Shaʿrānī, Abu l-Ḥasan, Muḥammad. ''Nathr-i ṭūba''. Tehran: Islāmīyya, 1386 Sh.

*Shahristānī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Karīm. ''Tafsīr al-Shahristānī, al-musammā mafātīḥ al-asrār wa maṣābīḥ al-abrār''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAlī Āzarshab, Tehran: 1376 Sh.

*Shahīd al-Thānī, Zayn al-Dīn b. ʿAlī al-. ''Masālik al-afhām ilā tanqīh sharāyiʿ al-Islām''. 1st edition. Qom: ~~Muʾassisat~~ al-Maʿārif al-Islāmīyya, 1413 AH.

*Shahīd al-Thānī, Zayn al-Dīn b. ʿAlī al-. ''Masālik al-afhām ilā tanqīh sharāyiʿ al-Islām''. 1st edition. Qom: Muʾassasat al-Maʿārif al-Islāmīyya, 1413 AH.

*Suyūṭī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Bakr al-. ''Al-Durr al-manthūr fī tafsīr al-maʾthūr''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1421AH.

*Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. ''Jāmiʿ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1412 AH.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''Daḥw al-Arḍ''' (Arabic: {{ia|دحو الأرض}}), means the expansion or spreading out of the earth. Interpretations vary, with some suggesting the emergence of land from water and others proposing the earth's physical movement.
-Surah An-Nazi'at (79), verses 27-33, reference the earth's expansion following the creation of the heavens ({{ia|وَ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ دَحَاهَا}}). Some Islamic narrations pinpoint the starting point of this expansion to Mecca or specifically beneath the Ka'ba.
+Surah An-Nazi'at (79), verses 27-33, reference the earth's expansion following the creation of the heavens {{inline verse|وَ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ دَحَاهَا}}. Some Islamic narrations pinpoint the starting point of this expansion to Mecca or specifically beneath the Ka'ba.
 Some narrations associate Dahw al-Ard with the [[25th of Dhu l-Qa'da]], a day recommended for ablution and fasting due to its reported spiritual rewards.
@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 Contemporary Shia scholar, Shahristani offers an alternative interpretation of "Dahw al-Ard." Unlike traditional views of expansion or spreading, he posits that the term refers to the earth's positional and translational movement. Shahristani considers the notion of physical expansion derived from "dahw" to be a misinterpretation.<ref>Shahristānī, ''Islām wa hayʾat'', p. 141-161;   Ashraf Ḥasanī, ''Zamīn wa āsimān dar Qurʾān wa nahj al-balāgha'', p. 55.</ref>
-A further interpretation of Dahw al-Ard suggests the earth's preparation for life. This process, according to these scholars, entailed the emergence of subterranean waters, enabling plant growth and establishing stable mountain ranges to overcome environmental challenges.<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr'', vol. 31, P. 48;  Ibn Kathīr, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm'', vol. 1, p. 123.</ref>
+A further interpretation of Dahw al-Ard suggests the earth's preparation for life. This process, according to these scholars, entailed the emergence of subterranean waters, enabling plant growth and establishing stable mountain ranges to overcome environmental challenges.<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al-Tafsīr al-kabīr'', vol. 31, P. 48;  Ibn Kathīr, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm'', vol. 1, p. 123.</ref>
 Given the earth's spherical shape, the concept of material expansion related to Dahw al-Ard is often rejected.<ref>Nasafī, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-jalīl'', vol. 4, p. 315; Marāghī, ''Tafsīr al-Marāghī'', vol. 30, p. 31-32.</ref> Some scholars instead interpret this term as the enlargement of habitable land areas, as perceived by humans, rather than a global expansion.<ref>Shaʿrānī, ''Nathr-i ṭūba'', vol. 1, p. 253.</ref>
@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 In the Torah, there is a reference to Dahw al-Ard: '<sup>9</sup> And God said, “Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear.” And it was so. <sup>10</sup> God called the dry ground “land,” and the gathered waters he called “seas.” And God saw that it was good. <sup>11</sup> Then God said, “Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds.” And it was so.'<ref>Genesis: 1: 9-11</ref>
 ===In the Quran===
-In the Quran, there is a reference to the expansion of the earth (Dahw al-Ard دحو الأرض). <ref>Ṭabarī,  ''Jāmiʿ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 30, p. 29; Ṭūsī, ''al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 260; Thaʿlabī, ''al-Kashf wa l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 127.</ref>
+In the Quran, there is a reference to the expansion of the earth (Dahw al-Ard {{ia|دحو الأرض}}).<ref>Ṭabarī,  ''Jāmiʿ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 30, p. 29; Ṭūsī, ''al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 260; Thaʿlabī, ''al-Kashf wa l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 127.</ref>
-The Quranic verses 27-33 in Sura al-Nazi'at (79) describe the expansion of the earth following the creation of the heavens. Verse 30 specifically employs the phrase "{{Ia|والارض بعد ذلک دحاها
+The Quranic verses 27-33 in Sura al-Nazi'at (79) describe the expansion of the earth following the creation of the heavens. Verse 30 specifically employs the phrase "{{inline verse|والارض بعد ذلک دحاها}}" (and thereafter He spread the earth) to illustrate this concept.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 660; Samarqandī, ''Tafsīr al-Samarqandī'', vol. 3, p. 522;  Baghawī, ''Tafsir al-Baghawī'', vol. 4, p. 444.</ref>
-}}" (and thereafter He spread the earth) to illustrate this concept.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 660; Samarqandī, ''Tafsīr al-Samarqandī'', vol. 3, p. 522;  Baghawī, ''Tafsir al-Baghawī'', vol. 4, p. 444.</ref>
-Surah Al-Shams (91), verse 6, includes an oath by "the earth and its expander," using the phrase "{{Ia|وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا طَحَاهَا}}." Some scholars propose that the root of "taha" is "daha," with a linguistic transformation from "dal" to "ta." They interpret "taha" in this context as meaning "expanding," "spreading," or "extending."<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 358; Fakhr al-Rāzī,''al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr'', vol. 31, p. 192; Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', vol. 15, p. 4; word «طحا».</ref>
+Sura al-Shams (91), verse 6, includes an oath by "the earth and its expander," using the phrase "{{inline verse|وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا طَحَاهَا}}." Some scholars propose that the root of "taha" is "daha," with a linguistic transformation from "dal" to "ta." They interpret "taha" in this context as meaning "expanding," "spreading," or "extending."<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 358; Fakhr al-Rāzī,''al-Tafsīr al-kabīr'', vol. 31, p. 192; Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', vol. 15, p. 4; word «طحا».</ref>
 ==Expansion of the Earth from Beneath the Ka'ba==
@@ Line 55: / Line 54: @@
 *Baḥrānī, Yūsuf al-. ''Al-Ḥadāʾiq al-nāḍira fī aḥkām al-ʿitrat al-ṭāhira''. Edited by Muḥammad Taqī Īrawānī and Sayyid ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Muqarram. Qom: Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1405 AH.
 *Dihkhudā, ʿAlī Akbar. ''Lughatnāma''. Tehran: Dānishgāh-i Tehrān, 1377 Sh.
-*Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. al-ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr''.  Qom: Intishārāt-i Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī, 1413 AH.
+*Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. al-ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Tafsīr al-kabīr''.  Qom: Intishārāt-i Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī, 1413 AH.
 * Ashraf Ḥasanī, Amīr ʿAlī. ''Zamīn wa āsimān dar Qurʾān wa nahj al-balāgha''. Tehran: Amīrī, 1380 Sh.
 *Ḥasanzāda Āmulī, Ḥasan. ''Durūs hayʾat wa dīgar rishtihā-yi rīyāḍī''. Qom: Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī, 1375 Sh.
-*Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa''. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt, 1414 AH.
+*Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa''. Qom: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt, 1414 AH.
 *Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm''. 1st edition. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1419 AH.
 *Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukarram. ''Lisān al-ʿArab''. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1414 AH
 *Ibn Ṭāwūs, ʿAlī b. Mūsā. ''Iqbāl al-aʿmāl''. Edited by Jawād Qayyūmī. Qom: Markaz al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1415 AH.
 *Kafʿamī, Ibrāhīm b. ʿAlī al-. ''Al-Miṣbāḥ''. Beirut:  Aʿlamī, 1403 AH.
-*Khwānsārī, Ḥusayn b. Jamāl al-Dīn al-. ''Mashāriq al-shumūs''. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt, [n.d].
+*Khwānsārī, Ḥusayn b. Jamāl al-Dīn al-. ''Mashāriq al-shumūs''. Qom: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt, [n.d].
 *Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī & Muḥammad Ākhūndī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH.
 *Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
@@ Line 69: / Line 68: @@
 *Muʾmin al-Sabziwārī, Muḥammad Bāqir b. Muḥammad al-. ''Dhakhīrat al-maʿād fī sharḥ al-Irshād''. Tehran: Lithography, 1273-1274 Sh.
 *Marāghī, Aḥmad Muṣtafā al-. ''Tafsīr al-Marāghī''. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, [n.d].
-*Mūsawī al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Madārik al-aḥkām fī sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām''.  Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt 1410 AH.
+*Mūsawī al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Madārik al-aḥkām fī sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām''.  Qom: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt 1410 AH.
 *Mūsawī al-Iṣfahānī, Muḥammad Taqī al-. ''Mikyāl al-makārim''. Edited by Sayyid ʿAlī ʿĀshūr. Beirut:  Aʿlamī, 1421 AH.
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+*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Al-Amālī''. Qom: Muʾassasat al-Biʿtha, 1417 AH.
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+*Shahīd al-Thānī, Zayn al-Dīn b. ʿAlī al-. ''Masālik al-afhām ilā tanqīh sharāyiʿ al-Islām''. 1st edition. Qom: Muʾassasat al-Maʿārif al-Islāmīyya, 1413 AH.
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