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'''Shajara mosque'''(Arabic: مسجد الشجره) in [[Medina]] is one of the [[five Miqats]]. This place is the Miqat for the people of Medina and those who travel from Medina to [[Mecca]]. It is said that the Prophet of Islam, peace be upon him, would don the [[ihram]] from this location when he set out for [[Hajj]]. [[Dhul-Halayfa]], [[Miqat Mosque]], and [[Abar 'Ali|Abar Ali]] are other names for this mosque.
According to historians, the Masjid Shajara was built during the caliphate of Umar ibn Khattab and has been reconstructed several times since then. Today, the Shajara mosque is located about three kilometers from Medina, near the Medina-Mecca highway.
==location==
Shajara mosque is one of the historical mosques of [[Medina]].<ref>Ṣabrī Pāshā, ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn'', vol. 4, p. 811.</ref> And it is located about eight kilometers south of this city.<ref>Ibn Najīm, ''Al-Baḥr al-rāʾiq'', vol. 2, p. 341.</ref> The Prophet of Islam would don the [[ihram]] from this mosque for performing [[Hajj]] and [[Umra]]. <ref>Ṣabrī Pāshā, ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn'', vol. 4, p. 811.</ref>
[[Imam Ali(S)]] took the verses of dissociation from [[Abu Bakr]], the first caliph, at this place and proclaimed them to the polytheists in [[Mecca]].<ref>A group of authors. ''dānishnāma-yi kalām islāmī'', vol. 1, p. 77.</ref>
According to a report, there is another mosque with the same name in Mecca that is among the oldest mosques in that city.<ref> Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', vol. 1, p. 118.</ref>
==Names==
This mosque is called Shajara mosque because there was a tree there under whose shade [[Prophet Muhammad (s)|the Prophet]] would sit.<ref>Samhūdī, '' Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā '', vol. 3, p. 421.</ref>
The mosque has been built in an area called [[Dhul-Hulayfa]]. This area is also known as [[Abar 'Ali|Abar]] or Abiar Ali and is attributed to [[Ali b. Abi Talib]]. Consequently, this mosque is also known by the names Masjid Dhul-Hulayfa and Masjid Abar Ali or Bi’r Ali. Additionally, it is popularly referred to by the locals as Masjid Ihram and Masjid Miqat. It is also called Masjid al-Husa.<ref>Kaʿakī, '' Ma ʿālim al-madina al-munawwara bayn al-ʿMārat wa al-Tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 485-487.</ref>
==The construction date==
The original construction of this mosque is very ancient. Some historians, based on documents, have also mentioned that the mosque was built in the early decades of Islamic history.<ref>Najafī, ''Madīna shināsī'', vol. 1, p. 183.</ref> Historians speculate that this mosque was first built during the governorship of [[Umar b. Abdul-aziz]] over Medina, between the years 87-93 AH/706- 711-12.<ref>Kaʿakī, '' Ma ʿālim al-madina al-munawwara bayn al-ʿMārat wa al-Tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 496.</ref>
===Ninth century reconstruction===
According to Matari (d. 741 AH/1340-1), the old structure of this mosque, which was a large building, had become partially ruined by his time (the first half of the 8th century).<ref>Maṭarī,''Al-Taʿrīf bimā ʾānasat al-hijra min maʿālim dār al-hijra'', p. 190.</ref>
However, according to Samhudi (a historian of Medina who died in 911 AH/1505-6), the mosque was reconstructed in the year 861 AH/1456-7 based on its original structure.<ref>Samhūdī, '' Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā '', vol. 3, p. 424.</ref>
===fourteenth centuryReconstruction===


It is said that this mosque was built in the late 11th century.<ref>Najafī, ''Madīna shināsī'', vol. 1, p. 184.</ref>  It was destroyed, and a Muslim from India, in the year 1090 AH/1679-80, with the permission of the Ottoman government, reconstructed it.<ref>ʿAbd al-Ghanī, ''Al-masajid al-atharīyya fī al-madīna al-nabawīyya'', p. 258.</ref>
'''Al_Mustajār''' (Arabic: المستجار) is a part of the western wall of the Ka'ba, approximately 2 meters in length, located between [[the Rukn al-Yamani]] and the second door of the [[Ka'ba]], which was sealed during the time of [[Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi]]. This section is at the back of the Ka'ba, directly opposite the current door of the Ka'ba.
Hisam al-Saltana, who saw this mosque in the year 1298 AH/1880-1, described it as follows: 'The mentioned mosque is square and fifty-two cubits in length. It is made of stone and plaster. On the south side, there is a porch over which an arch is placed, and its dome has been whitened from the outside, and there is a mihrab in the middle of it.<ref>Sulṭān Murād Mīrzā Ḥisām al-salṭana,''Safarnāma makka'', p. 139.</ref>
Ayyashi, in a report about his first trip in the year 1353 AH/1934-5, writes about this mosque: 'A rectangular building made of mudbrick and mud, with a roof made of date palm wood and leaves, which caught the attention of the officials of the time and was expanded.<ref> ʿAbd al-Ghanī, ''Al-masajid al-atharīyya fī al-madīna al-nabawīyya'', p. 258.</ref>


===The current state===
The meaning of the word Mustajār is 'refuge' or 'sanctuary.' This place is known for the acceptance of repentance and is recommended for supplication and prayer.
This mosque was reconstructed once during the era of the [[Al Saud]] in the year 1375 AH / 1955 AD.<ref>Najafī, ''Madīna shināsī'', vol. 1, p. 184.</ref> And a minaret was built for it<ref>ʿAbd al-Ghanī, ''Al-masajid al-atharīyya fī al-madīna al-nabawīyya'', p. 258. , Kaʿakī, '' Ma ʿālim al-madina al-munawwara bayn al-ʿMārat wa al-Tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 498.</ref> The mosque was reconstructed and expanded again in the year 1408 AH / 1988 AD.<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', vol. 1, p. 277.  , ʿAbd al-Ghanī, ''Al-masajid al-atharīyya fī al-madīna al-nabawīyya'', p. 259.</ref>
==Al- Mustajar and Al-Multazam==
Facilities such as baths, toilets, parking, a market, and a restaurant were built around it. The total area of the mosque along with its surroundings reaches 290,000 square meters, of which the mosque building and its associated buildings comprise 226,000 square meters.<ref>ʿAbd al-Ghanī, ''Al-masajid al-atharīyya fī al-madīna al-nabawīyya'', p. 260.</ref>
Two places on the wall of the Ka'ba are introduced as places for the acceptance of supplications and repentance, and there are narrations about them:Al_Mustajar and [[Al_Multazam]].
==Miqaat for Hajj==
 
Shajara mosque is one of the Miqats for [[Hajj]].<ref> Kulaynī,''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 319.</ref>
It is usually said that Mustajār is at the back of the [[Ka'ba]] on the western side, encompassing the distance from the [[the Rukn al-Yamani]] to the sealed door of the Kaaba, and Multazam is on the eastern side, encompassing the distance from [[the Hajar al-Aswad]] to the current door of the Ka'ba.<ref>Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, " Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh", p. 99_101.</ref>  
According to some historians, when [[Prophet Muhammad (s)|the Prophet(s)]] was setting out for [[Mecca]] to perform the Hajj, he would enter into the state of [[Ihram]] at this place.<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', vol. 1, p. 275.</ref>
However, the narrations related to Multazam and Mustajar have been mixed together, and sometimes Mustajar and Multazam are considered two names for the same place. It is sometimes said that Shia Muslims consider [[al-Multazam]] and al-Mustajar to be the same, whereas Sunni Muslims consider them to be different, with Multazam being the area between [[the Hajar al-Aswad]] and the door of the Ka'ba.<ref>Qāʾidān, " Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna", p. 71.</ref>
Jurists consider Masjid al-Shajarah as one of the [[five Miqats]] for Hajj and believe that it is the Miqat for the people of Medina and those who travel from this city to Mecca.<ref>Shāhrūdī, ''Farhang-i fiqh muṭābiq bā madhhab-i Ahl al-Bayt'', vol. 3, p. 712.</ref>
Some Shia scholars, based on the collections of narrations from [[the Ahl al-Bayt]] regarding the acts performed at Multazam and Mustajār, have concluded that these two are names for the same place, which is Mustajār.<ref>majlisī, ''Mirāʾat al-ʿUqūl'', vol. 9, p. 106.</ref>
===The necessity of the people of Medina to enter Ihram at Shajara mosque===
In Sunni sources, there are also numerous narrations and reports that consider Multazam to be at the back of the Ka'ba (the same place as Mustajar).<ref>Naʿmatī, "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam" p. 84.</ref>
According to the prevalent opinion among Shia jurists, residents of Medina must enter Ihram at Shajara mosque, and it is not permissible for them to leave the Miqat of Shajara mosque without entering Ihram and go to another Miqat like [[Juhfa]] to enter [[Ihram]] there.<ref>https://miqat.hajj.ir/article_43464.html</ref>
Despite all this, in most geographical sources on Mecca, Multazam and Mustajar are distinguished from each other.<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām'',vol. 1, p. 196; Mālikī, " Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 200_203; Sanjārī, "Manāʾih al-Karam", vol. 1, p. 307; Ibn Zahīra,''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf'', p. 47. </ref>
Only for those who are excused (incapacitated or ill), is it permissible to enter Ihram from Juhfah.(23)* It has also been stated that this ruling applies to those who go from Medina to Dhul-Hulayfah and pass through without entering Ihram and reach Juhfah; however, if they do not pass through Dhul-Hulayfah and exit via another route to another Miqat, there is no issue, because passing through the Miqat in this manner is not conventionally considered crossing the Miqat.(24)*
===The exact location of the Miqat===
==Al_Mustajār and the Crack of the Ka'ba==
Dhul-Hulayfah was the name of a large area where Masjid al-Shajarah was located.(25)*
 
In narratives, sometimes 'Masjid al-Shajarah' is referred to as the Miqat for the Hajj of the people of Medina, and sometimes only the terms 'Shajarah' or 'Dhul-Hulayfah' are used.(26) Fāḍil Lankarāni, ''Tafṣīl al-sharīʿa fī sharḥ Taḥrīr al-waṣīla'', vol. 3, p. 20-24.  
Some consider Al_Mustajār to be the part of the wall of the [[Ka'ba]] that was split open to allow [[Fatimah bint Asad]], the mother of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), to enter the Kaaba for the birth of her son.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, "Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah", p. 178; Jaʿfariyān,''Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 97.</ref>
Some believe that entering into Ihram is only valid inside Masjid al-Shajarah, while others consider it valid to enter Ihram outside the mosque but still in its vicinity.(27)*
 
==The Supplication of Mustajār==
In the rituals of [[Tawaf]], it is mentioned that: It is recommended for the pilgrim, in the last round of their [[Tawaf]], to place their face and hands on the wall, press their stomach and front against the wall of the [[Ka'ba]], and say:
*أللَّهُمَّ الْبَيْتُ بَيْتُكَ وَالْعَبْدُ عَبْدُكَ وَهذا مَكانُ الْعائِذِ بِكَ مِنَ النَّار. "O Allah, this house is Your house, and this servant is Your servant, and this is the place of one who seeks refuge with You from the Fire."
Then, they should confess their sins and seek forgiveness, and afterwards say:
*أللَّهُمَّ مِنْ قِبَلِكَ الرَّوْحُ وَالْفَرَجُ وَالْعافِيَةُ. أللَّهُمَّ إنَّ عَمَلِي ضَعيْفٌ فَضاعِفْهُ لِي وَاغْفِرْ لي مَا اطَّلَعْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنِّي وَخَفِيَ عَلى‏ خَلْقِكَ أسْتَجِيرُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ النَّار."O Allah, from You comes the spirit, relief, and well-being. O Allah, my deeds are weak, so multiply them for me and forgive me for what You have seen of me that is hidden from Your creation. I seek refuge with Allah from the Fire.
 
Then, after that, the person should make any supplications they wish, touch the Yemeni Corner (Rukn Yamani), come to [[the Hajar al-Aswad]], complete their Tawaf, and say:
*أللَّهُمَّ قَنِّعْنِي بِما رَزَقْتَني وَبارِكْ لِي فِيما آتَيْتَني‏ "O Allah, make me content with what You have provided me and bless me in what You have granted me.<ref>Khomeinī, "Manāsk Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd", p. 436.</ref>
==Notes==
==Notes==
{{Notes}}
{{Notes}}
==References==
==References==
{{References}}
{{References}}
 
*Fāsī, Taqī al-Dīn Muḥammad. ''Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi-Aḵbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām''. Edited by a committee of prominent scholars and literati. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, n.d.
*Abū Ṣalāḥ Ḥalabī, Taqī al-Dīn b. Najm al-Dīn. ''Al-Kāfī fī al-fiqh''. Isfahan: Maktaba Imam Amīr al-Muʾminīn (a), 1403 AH.
*Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf''. Edited by ʿAlī ʿUmar. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīnīyya, 1423 AH.
*A group of authors. ''dānishnāma-yi kalām islāmī''. Qom: Muʾassisat Imām al-Ṣādiq, 1388 sh.
*Jafarīān, Rasūl. *Āthār Islāmī Makkah wa Madīnah*. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1389 AH.
 
*Khomeinī, Rūḥ Allāh. ''Manāsk-i Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1409 AH.
Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Al-Muqniʿ fī al-fiqh''. Qom: Muʾassisa al-Imām al-Hādī, 1415 AH.
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Mir'āt al-'uqūl''. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.
 
*Mālikī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām''. Makkah: Maktabat al-Asadī, 1424 AH.
Ibn Najīm, Zayn al-Dīn al-Ḥanafī. ''Al-Baḥr al-rāʾiq: sharḥ-i kanz al-daqāʾiq''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya,1418 AH.
*Naʿmatī, Muḥammad Rezā. "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam". Majallah Mīqāt-i Ḥajj, no. 43, Farvardīn 1382 SH.
 
*Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''Tārīkh wa Āthār Islāmī Makkah Mukarramah wa Madīnah Munawwarah''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1400 AH.
• Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl. ''Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1382 Sh.
*Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, Niʿmat Allāh. ''Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh''. Qom: Markaz Jahanī ʿUlūm Islāmī, 1386 AH.
 
*Sanjārī, ʿAlī b. Tāj al-Dīn. ''Manāʾih al-Karam''. Makkah: Jāmiʿah Umm al-Qurā, 1419 AH.
Ḥillī, Ibn Idrīs al-. ''Kitāb al-sarāʾir al-ḥāwī li taḥrīr al-fatāwī''. Qom: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1410 AH.
*Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, Muḥammad Rezā. ''Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah''. Compiled by Rasūl Jafarīān. Qom: Nashr-i Mūrikh, 1386 AH.
 
{{end}}
• Sulṭān Murād Mīrzā Ḥisām al-salṭana .''Safarnāma makka''. Edited by Rasūl Jaʿfarīyān, Tehran: Mashʿar, 1374 sh.
*Shāhrūdī, Sayyid Maḥmūd. ''Farhang-i fiqh muṭābiq bā madhhab-i Ahl al-Bayt''. Qom: Muʾassisat Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Fiqh al-Islāmī, 1387 Sh.
 
Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī & Muḥammad Ākhūndī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH.
 
Sayyid Murtaḍā, ʿAlī b. Ḥusayn. ''Al-Masāʾil al-nāṣirīyyāt''. First edition. Tehran: Rābitat al-Thiqāfa wa l-ʿAlāqāt al-Islāmiyya, 1417 AH.
 
 
ʿAbd al-Ghanī, Muḥammad Ilyās.Al-masajid al-atharīyya fī al-madīna al-nabawīyya. Madina: Maṭābiʿ al-Rashīd, 1419 AH.
 
Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Muqniʿa''. Qom: Kungira-yi Shaykh al-Mufīd, 1413 AH
 
Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Al-Nihāya fī mujarrad al-fiqh wa al-fatāwā''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿArabiyya, 1400 AH.
 
Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa al-Masjid al-ḥarām wa al-Madīna al-sharīfa wa al-qabr al-sharīf''. Edited by ʿAla Ibrāhīm Azharī and Īman Naṣr. Beirut: 1424 AH.
 
• Ṣabrī Pāshā, Ayyūb. ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn''. Cairo: Shirkat al-Dawlīyya li-l-Ṭibāʿa, 2004.
 
• Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1387 sh.
 
• Kaʿakī, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. Ma ʿālim al-madina al-munawwara bayn al-ʿMārat wa al-Tārīkh. Beirut: Dār wa maktabat al-hilāl,  2011.
 
• Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna. 4th edition. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381 Sh.
• Samhūdī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā. Edited by Muḥammad Muḥyi al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: 1984.
 
Maṭarī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-. Al-Taʿrīf bimā ʾānasat al-hijra min maʿālim dār al-hijra. Riyadh: Dār al-malik ʿAbdu-l ʿAzīz, 2005.
 
Fāḍil Lankarāni, Muḥammad. ''Tafṣīl al-sharīʿa fī sharḥ Taḥrīr al-waṣīla''.Beirut: Dār al-Taʿāruf li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1418 AH.

Latest revision as of 11:30, 7 August 2024

Al_Mustajār (Arabic: المستجار) is a part of the western wall of the Ka'ba, approximately 2 meters in length, located between the Rukn al-Yamani and the second door of the Ka'ba, which was sealed during the time of Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi. This section is at the back of the Ka'ba, directly opposite the current door of the Ka'ba.

The meaning of the word Mustajār is 'refuge' or 'sanctuary.' This place is known for the acceptance of repentance and is recommended for supplication and prayer.

Al- Mustajar and Al-Multazam

Two places on the wall of the Ka'ba are introduced as places for the acceptance of supplications and repentance, and there are narrations about them:Al_Mustajar and Al_Multazam.

It is usually said that Mustajār is at the back of the Ka'ba on the western side, encompassing the distance from the the Rukn al-Yamani to the sealed door of the Kaaba, and Multazam is on the eastern side, encompassing the distance from the Hajar al-Aswad to the current door of the Ka'ba.[1] However, the narrations related to Multazam and Mustajar have been mixed together, and sometimes Mustajar and Multazam are considered two names for the same place. It is sometimes said that Shia Muslims consider al-Multazam and al-Mustajar to be the same, whereas Sunni Muslims consider them to be different, with Multazam being the area between the Hajar al-Aswad and the door of the Ka'ba.[2] Some Shia scholars, based on the collections of narrations from the Ahl al-Bayt regarding the acts performed at Multazam and Mustajār, have concluded that these two are names for the same place, which is Mustajār.[3] In Sunni sources, there are also numerous narrations and reports that consider Multazam to be at the back of the Ka'ba (the same place as Mustajar).[4] Despite all this, in most geographical sources on Mecca, Multazam and Mustajar are distinguished from each other.[5]

Al_Mustajār and the Crack of the Ka'ba

Some consider Al_Mustajār to be the part of the wall of the Ka'ba that was split open to allow Fatimah bint Asad, the mother of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), to enter the Kaaba for the birth of her son.[6]

The Supplication of Mustajār

In the rituals of Tawaf, it is mentioned that: It is recommended for the pilgrim, in the last round of their Tawaf, to place their face and hands on the wall, press their stomach and front against the wall of the Ka'ba, and say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ الْبَيْتُ بَيْتُكَ وَالْعَبْدُ عَبْدُكَ وَهذا مَكانُ الْعائِذِ بِكَ مِنَ النَّار. "O Allah, this house is Your house, and this servant is Your servant, and this is the place of one who seeks refuge with You from the Fire."

Then, they should confess their sins and seek forgiveness, and afterwards say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ مِنْ قِبَلِكَ الرَّوْحُ وَالْفَرَجُ وَالْعافِيَةُ. أللَّهُمَّ إنَّ عَمَلِي ضَعيْفٌ فَضاعِفْهُ لِي وَاغْفِرْ لي مَا اطَّلَعْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنِّي وَخَفِيَ عَلى‏ خَلْقِكَ أسْتَجِيرُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ النَّار."O Allah, from You comes the spirit, relief, and well-being. O Allah, my deeds are weak, so multiply them for me and forgive me for what You have seen of me that is hidden from Your creation. I seek refuge with Allah from the Fire.

Then, after that, the person should make any supplications they wish, touch the Yemeni Corner (Rukn Yamani), come to the Hajar al-Aswad, complete their Tawaf, and say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ قَنِّعْنِي بِما رَزَقْتَني وَبارِكْ لِي فِيما آتَيْتَني‏ "O Allah, make me content with what You have provided me and bless me in what You have granted me.[7]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, " Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh", p. 99_101.
  2. ↑ Qāʾidān, " Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna", p. 71.
  3. ↑ majlisī, Mirāʾat al-ʿUqūl, vol. 9, p. 106.
  4. ↑ Naʿmatī, "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam" p. 84.
  5. ↑ Fāsī al-Makkī, Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām,vol. 1, p. 196; Mālikī, " Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 200_203; Sanjārī, "Manāʾih al-Karam", vol. 1, p. 307; Ibn Zahīra,Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf, p. 47.
  6. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, "Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah", p. 178; Jaʿfariyān,Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 97.
  7. ↑ Khomeinī, "Manāsk Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd", p. 436.

References

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  • Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf. Edited by ʿAlī ʿUmar. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīnīyya, 1423 AH.
  • Jafarīān, Rasūl. *Āthār Islāmī Makkah wa Madīnah*. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1389 AH.
  • Khomeinī, Rūḥ Allāh. Manāsk-i Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1409 AH.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Mir'āt al-'uqūl. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.
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  • Naʿmatī, Muḥammad Rezā. "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam". Majallah Mīqāt-i Ḥajj, no. 43, Farvardīn 1382 SH.
  • Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. Tārīkh wa Āthār Islāmī Makkah Mukarramah wa Madīnah Munawwarah. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1400 AH.
  • Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, Niʿmat Allāh. Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh. Qom: Markaz Jahanī ʿUlūm Islāmī, 1386 AH.
  • Sanjārī, ʿAlī b. Tāj al-Dīn. Manāʾih al-Karam. Makkah: Jāmiʿah Umm al-Qurā, 1419 AH.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, Muḥammad Rezā. Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah. Compiled by Rasūl Jafarīān. Qom: Nashr-i Mūrikh, 1386 AH.
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