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'''Abū Bakr b. Abī Quḥāfa''' was one of the early Muslims, a migrant, a famous companion, the father-in-law, and the first caliph of the [[Prophet Muhammad (s)|Prophet Muhammad(s)]]. He accompanied the Prophet during his migration from [[Mecca]] to [[Medina]] and participated in all the expeditions alongside him. In the ninth year of the Hijra, during the first [[Hajj]] pilgrimage of the Muslims from Medina, Abu Bakr was appointed as the leader of the pilgrimage. According to reports, in the 11th year after Hijra/632-3, during his caliphate, Abu Bakr also supervised the Hajj pilgrims.


==The name and lineage==
'''Al_Mustajār''' (Arabic: المستجار) is a part of the western wall of the Ka'ba, approximately 2 meters in length, located between [[the Rukn al-Yamani]] and the second door of the [[Ka'ba]], which was sealed during the time of [[Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi]]. This section is at the back of the Ka'ba, directly opposite the current door of the Ka'ba.


Abu Bakr Abdullah b. Abi Quhafa belonged to the Banu Taym clan of the [[Quraysh tribe]].<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 5, p. 142; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 10, p. 51.</ref>
The meaning of the word Mustajār is 'refuge' or 'sanctuary.' This place is known for the acceptance of repentance and is recommended for supplication and prayer.
And his mother was Umm al-Khair Salma bint Sakhr, the cousin of Abu Quhafa.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 10, p. 100.</ref> According to reports, he was born three years before [[the Year of the Elephant]].<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 3, p. 151.</ref> It is said that Abu Bakr, at the time of his death, in 13AH/ 634, was 63 years old.
==Al- Mustajar and Al-Multazam==
His name before Islam was Abdul Ka'ba, which the Prophet changed to Abdullah.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''Al-Istīʿāb fī maʿrifat al-aṣḥāb'', vol. 3, p. 963.</ref> He was famously known as Abu Bakr and It has been called with nicknames such as Sadiq<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''Al-Istīʿāb fī maʿrifat al-aṣḥāb'', vol. 3, p. 963; Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 3, p. 207.</ref> and Atiq.<ref>Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, ''Al-Iṣāba fī tamyīz al-ṣaḥāba'', vol. 4, p. 146-147; Ibn Saʿd, ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 3, p. 126-128; Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''Al-Istīʿāb fī maʿrifat al-aṣḥāb'', vol. 3, p. 963.</ref>
Two places on the wall of the Ka'ba are introduced as places for the acceptance of supplications and repentance, and there are narrations about them:Al_Mustajar and [[Al_Multazam]].
===Wives and Children===
His wives were Qutaylah, the daughter of Abdul-Uzza, and Umm Ruman, the daughter of Amir ibn Umair.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 10, p. 101.</ref> His daughters were [[Asma]], the daughter of Umais Khathami, and Habiba, the daughter of Kharija ibn Zaid Khazraji.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 3, p. 126.</ref> Abu Bakr's wives were Qutaylah, the daughter of Abdul-Uzza, and Umm Ruman, the daughter of Amir ibn Umair. His sons were Abdullah, Abdul-Rahman, and Muhammad, and his daughters were Asma, Aisha, and Umm Kulthum. [[Aisha]] became the wife of the Prophet Muhammad(s), while Asma married Zubayr ibn al-Awwam and became the mother of [[Abdullah b. Zubayr]].<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 167; Mufīd, ''Kitāb al-amālī'', p. 79.</ref>


==The conversion to Islam==
It is usually said that Mustajār is at the back of the [[Ka'ba]] on the western side, encompassing the distance from the [[the Rukn al-Yamani]] to the sealed door of the Kaaba, and Multazam is on the eastern side, encompassing the distance from [[the Hajar al-Aswad]] to the current door of the Ka'ba.<ref>Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, " Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh", p. 99_101.</ref>
However, the narrations related to Multazam and Mustajar have been mixed together, and sometimes Mustajar and Multazam are considered two names for the same place. It is sometimes said that Shia Muslims consider [[al-Multazam]] and al-Mustajar to be the same, whereas Sunni Muslims consider them to be different, with Multazam being the area between [[the Hajar al-Aswad]] and the door of the Ka'ba.<ref>Qāʾidān, " Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna", p. 71.</ref>
Some Shia scholars, based on the collections of narrations from [[the Ahl al-Bayt]] regarding the acts performed at Multazam and Mustajār, have concluded that these two are names for the same place, which is Mustajār.<ref>majlisī, ''Mirāʾat al-ʿUqūl'', vol. 9, p. 106.</ref>
In Sunni sources, there are also numerous narrations and reports that consider Multazam to be at the back of the Ka'ba (the same place as Mustajar).<ref>Naʿmatī, "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam" p. 84.</ref>
Despite all this, in most geographical sources on Mecca, Multazam and Mustajar are distinguished from each other.<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām'',vol. 1, p. 196; Mālikī, " Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 200_203; Sanjārī, "Manāʾih al-Karam", vol. 1, p. 307; Ibn Zahīra,''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf'', p. 47. </ref>
==Al_Mustajār and the Crack of the Ka'ba==


The conversion of Abu Bakr to Islam is remembered to have occurred after [[Imam Ali(a)]].<ref> Ibn Hishām, ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 266; Ibn Saʿd, ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 3, p. 128; Kūfī, ''Al-Muṣannaf'', vol. 7, p. 498; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 2, p. 316; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 10, p. 100.</ref>
Some consider Al_Mustajār to be the part of the wall of the [[Ka'ba]] that was split open to allow [[Fatimah bint Asad]], the mother of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), to enter the Kaaba for the birth of her son.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, "Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah", p. 178; Jaʿfariyān,''Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 97.</ref>
After embracing Islam, Abu Bakr bought and freed a number of tortured Muslim slaves from the [[Quraysh]].<ref>Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, ''Al-Maʿārif'', p. 177.</ref>
During the Prophet's invitations to the tribes during the [[Hajj]] and in the final years of his presence in [[Mecca]], Abu Bakr, due to his familiarity with Arab genealogies, accompanied the Prophet.<ref>Ṭabarānī, ''Al-Muʿjam al-kabīr'', vol. 6, p. 62; Maghribī, ''Sharḥ al-akhbār'', vol. 2, p. 382-386.</ref> With the Prophet's migration to [[Medina]], Abu Bakr also accompanied him.<ref> Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 2, p. 100</ref>
==After the migration to Medina==
[[Prophet Muhammad (s)|Prophet Muhammad(s)]]stood between Abu Bakr and Salim, the freed slave of Hudhaifah.<ref>Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, ''Al-Maʿārif'', p. 273.</ref> Or Harithah ibn Zaid.<ref>Ibn Ḥabīb Baghdādī, ''Kitāb al-muḥabbar'', p. 73.</ref> A brotherhood pact was established. Earlier in [[Mecca]], a brotherhood pact had been made between him and [[Umar]].<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 4, p. 206.</ref> Abu Bakr participated in all the expeditions and some crucial events during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (s).<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 3, p. 318.</ref> Abu Bakr participated in all the expeditions and some crucial events during the time of the Prophet Muhammad(s). Based on a report, in [[the Battle of Bani Mustaliq]] in 5 AH/626-7, the flagbearer was from the Emigrants.<ref>Wāqidī, ''Al-Maghāzī'', vol. 1, p. 407.</ref>


===Emirate of Hajj in the 9AH===
==The Supplication of Mustajār==
Abu Bakr, in the ninth year, as the Emir of Hajj, led the first pilgrimage of the Muslims.<ref>Wāqidī, ''Al-Maghāzī'', vol. 3, p. 1077; Ibn Saʿd, ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 3, p. 132.</ref>
In the rituals of [[Tawaf]], it is mentioned that: It is recommended for the pilgrim, in the last round of their [[Tawaf]], to place their face and hands on the wall, press their stomach and front against the wall of the [[Ka'ba]], and say:
And according to a report, for the proclamation of Sura Bara'at (Al-Tawbah) by the prophet(s), he set out from Medina to Mecca with 300 people.<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 4, p. 188.</ref> In this journey, he had five sacrificial camels with him and was instructed to perform the standing ([[Wuquf at 'Arafat|wuquf]]) on [[the Day of Arafa]] in Arafat, not in Muzdalifa, contrary to the polytheists. He would leave [['Arafat|Arafat]] after sunset and depart from [[Muzdalifa]] after sunrise.<ref>Wāqidī, ''Al-Maghāzī'', vol. 3, p. 1077.</ref> After becoming [[muhrim]] in [[Dhul-Hulayfa]], he met Ali (a) at [[Arj]]. At first, he thought that he had been relieved of the [[emirate of Hajj]].<ref>Wāqidī, ''Al-Maghāzī'', vol. 3, p. 1077.</ref>
*أللَّهُمَّ الْبَيْتُ بَيْتُكَ وَالْعَبْدُ عَبْدُكَ وَهذا مَكانُ الْعائِذِ بِكَ مِنَ النَّار. "O Allah, this house is Your house, and this servant is Your servant, and this is the place of one who seeks refuge with You from the Fire."
But with the words of Ali, he realized that [[Ali(a)]] had been solely tasked with conveying the initial verses of [[Sura Al-Tawba]] (Bara'at).<ref>Wāqidī, ''Al-Maghāzī'', vol. 3, p. 1077; Ibn Hishām, ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 4, p. 190.</ref> Based on this, Abu Bakr went to [[Mecca]] alongside Ali and during the pilgrimage, he delivered sermons in [[Mina]] on the afternoon of the seventh day, the Day of Arafa, and the afternoon of [[Eid al-Adha]].<ref>Wāqidī, ''Al-Maghāzī'', vol. 3, p. 1078.</ref>
Then, they should confess their sins and seek forgiveness, and afterwards say:
According to reports, including a narration from [[Ibn Abbas]], Abu Bakr was relieved of the emirate of Hajj and returned to [[Medina]].<ref>Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal. ''Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal'', vol. 1, p. 3; Mufīd, ''Al-Irshād'', vol. 1, p. 65.</ref>
*أللَّهُمَّ مِنْ قِبَلِكَ الرَّوْحُ وَالْفَرَجُ وَالْعافِيَةُ. أللَّهُمَّ إنَّ عَمَلِي ضَعيْفٌ فَضاعِفْهُ لِي وَاغْفِرْ لي مَا اطَّلَعْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنِّي وَخَفِيَ عَلى‏ خَلْقِكَ أسْتَجِيرُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ النَّار."O Allah, from You comes the spirit, relief, and well-being. O Allah, my deeds are weak, so multiply them for me and forgive me for what You have seen of me that is hidden from Your creation. I seek refuge with Allah from the Fire.
==Caliphate==
After the passing of the Prophet (a) and before his burial, a group of [[Ansar]] gathered at the [[Saqifa of Bani Sa'ida]] and pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr as the successor to the Prophet (a).<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 2, p. 459; Mufīd, ''Al-Jumal wa al-nuṣra li sayyid al-ʿitra fī ḥarb al-Baṣra'', p. 119.</ref>
Although before that on 18 Dhul Hijja of year 10 Hijri/ 16 March 632, the Prophet had raised the hand of Ali bin Abi Talib (a.s.) in the farewell Hajj (Ghadir incident) and introduced him to the people as the master and guardian after him.<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 8, p. 27; Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 3, p. 136.</ref>


===Supervision of Pilgrims During the Caliphate===
Then, after that, the person should make any supplications they wish, touch the Yemeni Corner (Rukn Yamani), come to [[the Hajar al-Aswad]], complete their Tawaf, and say:
In the 11th AH/ 632-3, Abu Bakr appointed [[Umar b. Khattab]] as the head of the pilgrims, and he performed[[Umra]] in the month of Rajab of the 12th AH/ 633-4, and in the season of the same year, he became the head of the pilgrims.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 3, p. 139.</ref>
*أللَّهُمَّ قَنِّعْنِي بِما رَزَقْتَني وَبارِكْ لِي فِيما آتَيْتَني‏ "O Allah, make me content with what You have provided me and bless me in what You have granted me.<ref>Khomeinī, "Manāsk Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd", p. 436.</ref>  
Some reports suggest that during his caliphate, Abu Bakr did not perform Hajj, and Umar or Attab b. Usaid, the agent of the Prophet (a) in Mecca, carried out the pilgrimage.<ref>Ibn Ḥabīb Baghdādī, ''Kitāb al-muḥabbar'', p. 12.</ref> Or he appointed [[Abdul-Rahman b. Awf]] to the emirate of Hajj.<ref>Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh-i damishq'', vol. 30, p. 217.</ref>
 
==Death==
Abu Bakr passed away due to illness on the seventh of Jumada al-thani in the year 13 AH/ August 8, 634, after two years, three months, and 26 days of caliphate, at the age of 63.<ref> Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 3, p. 150-151.</ref> And upon his death, he left behind a date palm grove from the spoils of [[Banu Nadir]], as well as lands in [[Bahrain]], [[Ghaba]], and [[Khaybar]].<ref>Ṣanʿānī, ''Al-Muṣannaf'', vol. 9, p. 101-102.</ref>
==Notes==
==Notes==
{{Notes}}
{{Notes}}
==References==
==References==
{{References}}
{{References}}
*Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal. ''Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, [n.d]
*Fāsī, Taqī al-Dīn Muḥammad. ''Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi-Aḵbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām''. Edited by a committee of prominent scholars and literati. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, n.d.
*Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. ''Ansāb al-ashrāf''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1417 AH.
*Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf''. Edited by ʿAlī ʿUmar. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīnīyya, 1423 AH.
*Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Yūsuf b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Al-Istīʿāb fī maʿrifat al-aṣḥāb''. Edited by ʿAlī Muḥammad al-Bajāwī. Beirut: Dār al-Jīl, 1412 AH.
*Jafarīān, Rasūl. *Āthār Islāmī Makkah wa Madīnah*. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1389 AH.
*Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd b. Hibat Allāh. ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha''. Cairo: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Kutub al-ʿArabīyya, 1378 AH.
*Khomeinī, Rūḥ Allāh. ''Manāsk-i Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1409 AH.
*Ibn ʿAsākir, ʿAlī b. Ḥasan. ''Tārīkh-i damishq''. Edited by ʿAmr-i b. Gharāma al-ʿAmrawī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH/ 1995.
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Mir'āt al-'uqūl''. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.
*Ibn Athīr, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Usd al-ghāba''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1415 AH.
*Mālikī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām''. Makkah: Maktabat al-Asadī, 1424 AH.
*Ibn Ḥabīb Baghdādī, Muḥammad b. Ḥabīb. ''Kitāb al-muḥabbar''. Edited by Elza Lichten Stetter. Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda, [n.d].
*Naʿmatī, Muḥammad Rezā. "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam". Majallah Mīqāt-i Ḥajj, no. 43, Farvardīn 1382 SH.
*Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. ''Al-Iṣāba fī tamyīz al-ṣaḥāba''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1415 AH.
*Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''Tārīkh wa Āthār Islāmī Makkah Mukarramah wa Madīnah Munawwarah''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1400 AH.
*Ibn Hishām, ʿAbd al-Malik. ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya''. Edited by Muṣṭafā al-Saqā. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, [n.d]
*Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, Niʿmat Allāh. ''Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh''. Qom: Markaz Jahanī ʿUlūm Islāmī, 1386 AH.
*Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muslim . ''Al-Imāma wa l-sīyāsa al-mʿrūf bi-tārīkh al-khulafāʾ''. Edited by ʿAlī Shīrī. Beirut: Dār al-Awḍāʾ. 1410AH-1990.
*Sanjārī, ʿAlī b. Tāj al-Dīn. ''Manāʾih al-Karam''. Makkah: Jāmiʿah Umm al-Qurā, 1419 AH.
*Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muslim . ''Al-Maʿārif''. Edited by Tharwat ʿAkkāsha. Qom: Sharīf Raḍī, 1373 sh.
*Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, Muḥammad Rezā. ''Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah''. Compiled by Rasūl Jafarīān. Qom: Nashr-i Mūrikh, 1386 AH.
*Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, [n.d].
*Jawharī Baṣrī, Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz. ''Al-Saqīfa wa Fadak''. Edited by Hādī Amīnī. Beirut: Shirkat al-Katbī, 1413 AH.
*Kūfī, Ibn Abī Shayba al-. ''Al-Muṣannaf''. Edited by Saʿīd al-Laḥām. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr li-ṭibaʿat wa al-Nashr wa al-Tawzīʿ, 1409 AH.
*Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī & Muḥammad Ākhūndī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH.
*Maghribī, Qāḍī Nuʿmān al-. ''Sharḥ al-akhbār''. Qom: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1414 AH.
*Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Irshād''. Edited by Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt li-Taḥqīq al-Turāth. Beirut: Dār al-Mufīd li-ṭibaʿat wa al-Nashr wa al-Tawzīʿ, 1414 AH
*Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Kitāb al-amālī''. Edited by Ḥusayn Ustād Walī and ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Beirut:Dār al-Mufīd, 1414 AH.
*Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Jumal wa al-nuṣra li sayyid al-ʿitra fī ḥarb al-Baṣra''. Qom: Maktibat al-Dāwarī, [n.d]
*Ṣanʿānī, ʿAbd al-Razzāq b. Humām. ''Al-Muṣannaf''. Edited by Ḥabīb al-Raḥmān Aʿzamī. Beirut: al-Majlis al-ʿIlmī,1403 AH.
*Ṭabarānī, Sulaymān b. Aḥmad. ''Al-Muʿjam al-kabīr''. Edited by Ḥamdī ʿAbd al-Majīd Salafī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1405 AH.
*Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-.''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Edited by Muḥammad Abu l-faḍl Ibrāhīm. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1387 AH.
*Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Maghāzī''. Edited by Marsden Jones. Beirut: Muʾassisa al-Aʿlām, 1409 AH.
*Yaʿqūbī, Aḥmad b. Abī Yaʿqūb al-. ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī''. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, n.p.
{{end}}
{{end}}

Latest revision as of 11:30, 7 August 2024

Al_Mustajār (Arabic: المستجار) is a part of the western wall of the Ka'ba, approximately 2 meters in length, located between the Rukn al-Yamani and the second door of the Ka'ba, which was sealed during the time of Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi. This section is at the back of the Ka'ba, directly opposite the current door of the Ka'ba.

The meaning of the word Mustajār is 'refuge' or 'sanctuary.' This place is known for the acceptance of repentance and is recommended for supplication and prayer.

Al- Mustajar and Al-Multazam

Two places on the wall of the Ka'ba are introduced as places for the acceptance of supplications and repentance, and there are narrations about them:Al_Mustajar and Al_Multazam.

It is usually said that Mustajār is at the back of the Ka'ba on the western side, encompassing the distance from the the Rukn al-Yamani to the sealed door of the Kaaba, and Multazam is on the eastern side, encompassing the distance from the Hajar al-Aswad to the current door of the Ka'ba.[1] However, the narrations related to Multazam and Mustajar have been mixed together, and sometimes Mustajar and Multazam are considered two names for the same place. It is sometimes said that Shia Muslims consider al-Multazam and al-Mustajar to be the same, whereas Sunni Muslims consider them to be different, with Multazam being the area between the Hajar al-Aswad and the door of the Ka'ba.[2] Some Shia scholars, based on the collections of narrations from the Ahl al-Bayt regarding the acts performed at Multazam and Mustajār, have concluded that these two are names for the same place, which is Mustajār.[3] In Sunni sources, there are also numerous narrations and reports that consider Multazam to be at the back of the Ka'ba (the same place as Mustajar).[4] Despite all this, in most geographical sources on Mecca, Multazam and Mustajar are distinguished from each other.[5]

Al_Mustajār and the Crack of the Ka'ba

Some consider Al_Mustajār to be the part of the wall of the Ka'ba that was split open to allow Fatimah bint Asad, the mother of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), to enter the Kaaba for the birth of her son.[6]

The Supplication of Mustajār

In the rituals of Tawaf, it is mentioned that: It is recommended for the pilgrim, in the last round of their Tawaf, to place their face and hands on the wall, press their stomach and front against the wall of the Ka'ba, and say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ الْبَيْتُ بَيْتُكَ وَالْعَبْدُ عَبْدُكَ وَهذا مَكانُ الْعائِذِ بِكَ مِنَ النَّار. "O Allah, this house is Your house, and this servant is Your servant, and this is the place of one who seeks refuge with You from the Fire."

Then, they should confess their sins and seek forgiveness, and afterwards say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ مِنْ قِبَلِكَ الرَّوْحُ وَالْفَرَجُ وَالْعافِيَةُ. أللَّهُمَّ إنَّ عَمَلِي ضَعيْفٌ فَضاعِفْهُ لِي وَاغْفِرْ لي مَا اطَّلَعْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنِّي وَخَفِيَ عَلى‏ خَلْقِكَ أسْتَجِيرُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ النَّار."O Allah, from You comes the spirit, relief, and well-being. O Allah, my deeds are weak, so multiply them for me and forgive me for what You have seen of me that is hidden from Your creation. I seek refuge with Allah from the Fire.

Then, after that, the person should make any supplications they wish, touch the Yemeni Corner (Rukn Yamani), come to the Hajar al-Aswad, complete their Tawaf, and say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ قَنِّعْنِي بِما رَزَقْتَني وَبارِكْ لِي فِيما آتَيْتَني‏ "O Allah, make me content with what You have provided me and bless me in what You have granted me.[7]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, " Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh", p. 99_101.
  2. ↑ Qāʾidān, " Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna", p. 71.
  3. ↑ majlisī, Mirāʾat al-ʿUqūl, vol. 9, p. 106.
  4. ↑ Naʿmatī, "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam" p. 84.
  5. ↑ Fāsī al-Makkī, Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām,vol. 1, p. 196; Mālikī, " Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 200_203; Sanjārī, "Manāʾih al-Karam", vol. 1, p. 307; Ibn Zahīra,Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf, p. 47.
  6. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, "Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah", p. 178; Jaʿfariyān,Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 97.
  7. ↑ Khomeinī, "Manāsk Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd", p. 436.

References

  • Fāsī, Taqī al-Dīn Muḥammad. Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi-Aḵbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām. Edited by a committee of prominent scholars and literati. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, n.d.
  • Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf. Edited by ʿAlī ʿUmar. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīnīyya, 1423 AH.
  • Jafarīān, Rasūl. *Āthār Islāmī Makkah wa Madīnah*. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1389 AH.
  • Khomeinī, Rūḥ Allāh. Manāsk-i Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1409 AH.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Mir'āt al-'uqūl. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.
  • Mālikī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām. Makkah: Maktabat al-Asadī, 1424 AH.
  • Naʿmatī, Muḥammad Rezā. "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam". Majallah Mīqāt-i Ḥajj, no. 43, Farvardīn 1382 SH.
  • Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. Tārīkh wa Āthār Islāmī Makkah Mukarramah wa Madīnah Munawwarah. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1400 AH.
  • Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, Niʿmat Allāh. Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh. Qom: Markaz Jahanī ʿUlūm Islāmī, 1386 AH.
  • Sanjārī, ʿAlī b. Tāj al-Dīn. Manāʾih al-Karam. Makkah: Jāmiʿah Umm al-Qurā, 1419 AH.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, Muḥammad Rezā. Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah. Compiled by Rasūl Jafarīān. Qom: Nashr-i Mūrikh, 1386 AH.
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