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'''Abū Bakr b. Abī Quḥāfa''' was one of the early Muslims, a migrant, a famous companion, the father-in-law, and the first caliph of the [[Prophet Muhammad (s)|Prophet Muhammad(s)]]. He accompanied the Prophet during his migration from [[Mecca]] to [[Medina]] and participated in all the expeditions alongside him. In the ninth year of the Hijra, during the first [[Hajj]] pilgrimage of the Muslims from Medina, Abu Bakr was appointed as the leader of the pilgrimage. According to reports, in the 11th year after Hijra/632-3, during his caliphate, Abu Bakr also supervised the Hajj pilgrims.
{{Building
| title = Salman al-Farsi Mosque
| image =سلمان.jpg
| image size =
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| place = [[Saudi Arabia]] * [[Medina]] * Near the [[Fath Mosque]] and at the edge of Mount Sela'
| usage = Mosque
| religious affiliation = Islam
| beliefs =
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| time of construction = 1st century AH
| founder =
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| historical features = The place where the Prophet(s) prayed
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| status = Existing
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| latitude =  24.477443
| longitude = 39.595562
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}} 
'''Salman al-Farsi Mosque''' is one of the historical mosques in Medina, located south of the [[Fath Mosque (Medina)|Fath Mosque]] and northwest of [[Mount Sela']]. The Prophet (PBUH) prayed at this site during the [[Battle of the Trench]]. The mosque is named after [[Salman al-Farsi]], one of the companions of [[Prophet Muhammad(s)], who suggested digging the trench to defend against the Quraysh army. The mosque features a courtyard and a rectangular prayer hall.


==The name and lineage==
==Name and Location== 
Salman al-Farsi Mosque is located south of the [[Fath Mosque]] and northwest of the slopes of [[Mount Sela']].<ref name=":0">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Masajid_al-Athariya.pdf&page=143 Masājid al-Athariya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 143.]</ref> It is said that the mosque was named after [[Salman al-Farsi]], a companion of the Prophet (PBUH), who played a key role in the [[Battle of the Trench]] by proposing the idea of digging the trench.<ref name=":0" /> 


Abu Bakr Abdullah b. Abi Quhafa belonged to the Banu Taym clan of the [[Quraysh tribe]].<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 5, p. 142; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 10, p. 51.</ref>
==The Prophet's Prayer== 
And his mother was Umm al-Khair Salma bint Sakhr, the cousin of Abu Quhafa.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 10, p. 100.</ref> According to reports, he was born three years before [[the Year of the Elephant]].<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 3, p. 151.</ref> It is said that Abu Bakr, at the time of his death, in 13AH/ 634, was 63 years old.
Salman al-Farsi Mosque is one of the [[Fath Mosques]]. According to narrations, the Prophet (PBUH) prayed at the Fath Mosque and its surrounding mosques.<ref name=":4">Al-Durra al-Thamina fi Tarikh al-Madina, Ibn Najjar, p. 189.</ref> Ibn Shabba reports that during the [[Battle of the Trench]], the Prophet prayed at the base of Mount Sela' and then ascended the mountain to supplicate.<ref name=":2">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Tarikh_al-Madina_al-Munawwara_Ibn_Shabba.pdf&page=59 Tarikh al-Madina al-Munawwara, Ibn Shabba, pp. 58–59.]</ref> Researchers believe this site to be the same as Salman al-Farsi Mosque.<ref name=":1">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Masajid_al-Athariya.pdf&page=144 Masājid al-Athariya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 144.]</ref>
His name before Islam was Abdul Ka'ba, which the Prophet changed to Abdullah.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''Al-Istīʿāb fī maʿrifat al-aṣḥāb'', vol. 3, p. 963.</ref> He was famously known as Abu Bakr and It has been called with nicknames such as Sadiq<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''Al-Istīʿāb fī maʿrifat al-aṣḥāb'', vol. 3, p. 963; Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 3, p. 207.</ref> and Atiq.<ref>Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, ''Al-Iṣāba fī tamyīz al-ṣaḥāba'', vol. 4, p. 146-147; Ibn Saʿd, ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 3, p. 126-128; Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''Al-Istīʿāb fī maʿrifat al-aṣḥāb'', vol. 3, p. 963.</ref>
===Wives and Children===
His wives were Qutaylah, the daughter of Abdul-Uzza, and Umm Ruman, the daughter of Amir ibn Umair.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 10, p. 101.</ref> His daughters were [[Asma]], the daughter of Umais Khathami, and Habiba, the daughter of Kharija ibn Zaid Khazraji.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 3, p. 126.</ref> Abu Bakr's wives were Qutaylah, the daughter of Abdul-Uzza, and Umm Ruman, the daughter of Amir ibn Umair. His sons were Abdullah, Abdul-Rahman, and Muhammad, and his daughters were Asma, Aisha, and Umm Kulthum. [[Aisha]] became the wife of the Prophet Muhammad(s), while Asma married Zubayr ibn al-Awwam and became the mother of [[Abdullah b. Zubayr]].<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 167; Mufīd, ''Kitāb al-amālī'', p. 79.</ref>


==The conversion to Islam==
==History== 
Salman al-Farsi Mosque is one of the oldest mosques in [[Medina]]. Some scholars suggest that it was likely built during the governorship of [[Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz]] over Medina (87–101 AH).<ref name=":6">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Al-Madina_al-Munawwara_Tatawwuruhā_al-ʿUmrānī.pdf&page=188 Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Tatawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī, p. 188.]</ref> The mention of the mosque in the works of Ibn Shabba<ref name=":2" /> (who lived between 173–262 AH) indicates that the mosque existed in the 2nd century AH. 


The conversion of Abu Bakr to Islam is remembered to have occurred after [[Imam Ali(a)]].<ref> Ibn Hishām, ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 266; Ibn Saʿd, ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 3, p. 128; Kūfī, ''Al-Muṣannaf'', vol. 7, p. 498; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 2, p. 316; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 10, p. 100.</ref>
Ibn al-Barraj (d. 481 AH) also mentioned this mosque.<ref>Al-Muhadhdhab, Ibn al-Barraj, vol. 1, p. 283.</ref> The mosque was reconstructed in 577 AH.<ref name=":5">Bahjat al-Nufus wa al-Asrar fi Tarikh Dar Hijrat al-Nabi al-Mukhtar, Marjani, vol. 1, p. 570.</ref><ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Al-Madina_al-Munawwara_Tatawwuruhā_al-ʿUmrānī.pdf&page=189 Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Tatawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī, p. 189.]</ref> After this reconstruction, [[Ibn Najjar]] described the mosque as being surrounded by numerous palm trees and constructed with stone and plaster.<ref name=":4" /> Some Shia sources from the 7th century AH mention prayers and visits to this mosque.<ref>Al-Mazar, Muhammad ibn Jaʿfar al-Mashhadi, p. 102.</ref><ref>Misbah al-Zaʾir, Sayyid Ibn Tawus, p. 64.</ref>
After embracing Islam, Abu Bakr bought and freed a number of tortured Muslim slaves from the [[Quraysh]].<ref>Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, ''Al-Maʿārif'', p. 177.</ref>
During the Prophet's invitations to the tribes during the [[Hajj]] and in the final years of his presence in [[Mecca]], Abu Bakr, due to his familiarity with Arab genealogies, accompanied the Prophet.<ref>Ṭabarānī, ''Al-Muʿjam al-kabīr'', vol. 6, p. 62; Maghribī, ''Sharḥ al-akhbār'', vol. 2, p. 382-386.</ref> With the Prophet's migration to [[Medina]], Abu Bakr also accompanied him.<ref> Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 2, p. 100</ref>
==After the migration to Medina==
[[Prophet Muhammad (s)|Prophet Muhammad(s)]]stood between Abu Bakr and Salim, the freed slave of Hudhaifah.<ref>Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, ''Al-Maʿārif'', p. 273.</ref> Or Harithah ibn Zaid.<ref>Ibn Ḥabīb Baghdādī, ''Kitāb al-muḥabbar'', p. 73.</ref> A brotherhood pact was established. Earlier in [[Mecca]], a brotherhood pact had been made between him and [[Umar]].<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 4, p. 206.</ref> Abu Bakr participated in all the expeditions and some crucial events during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (s).<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 3, p. 318.</ref> Abu Bakr participated in all the expeditions and some crucial events during the time of the Prophet Muhammad(s). Based on a report, in [[the Battle of Bani Mustaliq]] in 5 AH/626-7, the flagbearer was from the Emigrants.<ref>Wāqidī, ''Al-Maghāzī'', vol. 1, p. 407.</ref>


===Emirate of Hajj in the 9AH===
[[Ibn Jubayr]] (d. 614 AH) described the mosque in his travelogue as being on the way to [[Mount Uhud]].<ref>Rihlat Ibn Jubayr, p. 156.</ref> The mosque is also mentioned in works from the 8th century,<ref>Rihlat Ibn Battuta, vol. 1, p. 363 / Bahjat al-Nufus wa al-Asrar fi Tarikh Dar Hijrat al-Nabi al-Mukhtar, Marjani, vol. 1, p. 570.</ref> 9th century,<ref>Al-Tuhfa al-Latifa fi Tarikh al-Madina al-Sharifa, Sakhavi, vol. 1, p. 40. / Itharat al-Targhib wa al-Tashwiq (with Ziyarat Bayt al-Maqdis by Ibn Taymiyya), Khwarizmi, vol. 2, p. 74.</ref> 10th century,<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Wafa_al-Wafa_Samhudi_Vol3.pdf&page=189 Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ, Samhudi, vol. 3, p. 189.]</ref> and 11th century.<ref>Al-Jawahir al-Thamina fi Mahasin al-Madina, p. 135 / Al-Rihla al-ʿAyyashiyya, vol. 1, p. 392.</ref>
Abu Bakr, in the ninth year, as the Emir of Hajj, led the first pilgrimage of the Muslims.<ref>Wāqidī, ''Al-Maghāzī'', vol. 3, p. 1077; Ibn Saʿd, ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 3, p. 132.</ref>
And according to a report, for the proclamation of Sura Bara'at (Al-Tawbah) by the prophet(s), he set out from Medina to Mecca with 300 people.<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 4, p. 188.</ref> In this journey, he had five sacrificial camels with him and was instructed to perform the standing ([[Wuquf at 'Arafat|wuquf]]) on [[the Day of Arafa]] in Arafat, not in Muzdalifa, contrary to the polytheists. He would leave [['Arafat|Arafat]] after sunset and depart from [[Muzdalifa]] after sunrise.<ref>Wāqidī, ''Al-Maghāzī'', vol. 3, p. 1077.</ref> After becoming [[muhrim]] in [[Dhul-Hulayfa]], he met Ali (a) at [[Arj]]. At first, he thought that he had been relieved of the [[emirate of Hajj]].<ref>Wāqidī, ''Al-Maghāzī'', vol. 3, p. 1077.</ref>
But with the words of Ali, he realized that [[Ali(a)]] had been solely tasked with conveying the initial verses of [[Sura Al-Tawba]] (Bara'at).<ref>Wāqidī, ''Al-Maghāzī'', vol. 3, p. 1077; Ibn Hishām, ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 4, p. 190.</ref> Based on this, Abu Bakr went to [[Mecca]] alongside Ali and during the pilgrimage, he delivered sermons in [[Mina]] on the afternoon of the seventh day, the Day of Arafa, and the afternoon of [[Eid al-Adha]].<ref>Wāqidī, ''Al-Maghāzī'', vol. 3, p. 1078.</ref>
According to reports, including a narration from [[Ibn Abbas]], Abu Bakr was relieved of the emirate of Hajj and returned to [[Medina]].<ref>Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal. ''Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal'', vol. 1, p. 3; Mufīd, ''Al-Irshād'', vol. 1, p. 65.</ref>
==Caliphate==
After the passing of the Prophet (a) and before his burial, a group of [[Ansar]] gathered at the [[Saqifa of Bani Sa'ida]] and pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr as the successor to the Prophet (a).<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 2, p. 459; Mufīd, ''Al-Jumal wa al-nuṣra li sayyid al-ʿitra fī ḥarb al-Baṣra'', p. 119.</ref>
Although before that on 18 Dhul Hijja of year 10 Hijri/ 16 March 632, the Prophet had raised the hand of Ali bin Abi Talib (a.s.) in the farewell Hajj (Ghadir incident) and introduced him to the people as the master and guardian after him.<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 8, p. 27; Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 3, p. 136.</ref>


===Supervision of Pilgrims During the Caliphate===
==Current Status==
In the 11th AH/ 632-3, Abu Bakr appointed [[Umar b. Khattab]] as the head of the pilgrims, and he performed[[Umra]] in the month of Rajab of the 12th AH/ 633-4, and in the season of the same year, he became the head of the pilgrims.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 3, p. 139.</ref>
Today, Salman al-Farsi Mosque remains a site of visitation and prayer for pilgrims.<ref name=":3">Athar Islami Makka wa Madina, Jaʿfariyan, p. 300.</ref> The mosque features a covered prayer hall in the southern part (qibla side) and a courtyard in the northern section. The prayer hall is rectangular with an arched roof.<ref name=":1" /> The mosque is 8.5 meters long and 7 meters wide.<ref name=":6" />
Some reports suggest that during his caliphate, Abu Bakr did not perform Hajj, and Umar or Attab b. Usaid, the agent of the Prophet (a) in Mecca, carried out the pilgrimage.<ref>Ibn Ḥabīb Baghdādī, ''Kitāb al-muḥabbar'', p. 12.</ref> Or he appointed [[Abdul-Rahman b. Awf]] to the emirate of Hajj.<ref>Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh-i damishq'', vol. 30, p. 217.</ref>


==Death==
==Historical Images==
Abu Bakr passed away due to illness on the seventh of Jumada al-thani in the year 13 AH/ August 8, 634, after two years, three months, and 26 days of caliphate, at the age of 63.<ref> Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 3, p. 150-151.</ref> And upon his death, he left behind a date palm grove from the spoils of [[Banu Nadir]], as well as lands in [[Bahrain]], [[Ghaba]], and [[Khaybar]].<ref>Ṣanʿānī, ''Al-Muṣannaf'', vol. 9, p. 101-102.</ref>
<gallery>
==Notes==
File:غغب.jpg|alt= 
{{Notes}}
File:1776097.jpg|alt= 
==References==
File:سلمان2.jpg|alt= 
{{References}}
File:Cdn4.premiumread.jpg|alt= 
File:2024-09-03 06 39 50-الفتح، 7149 - حي - 3378، المدينة المنورة 42312، عربستان سعودی - Google Maps.png|alt=|According to the image, the mosque's entrance was blocked for some time.
</gallery>


Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Irshād''. Edited by Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt li-Taḥqīq al-Turāth. Beirut: Dār al-Mufīd li-ṭibaʿat wa al-Nashr wa al-Tawzīʿ, 1414 AH
==Recent Images==
<gallery> 
File:2024-09-03 07 11 04-Google Maps.png|alt= 
File:2024-09-03 07 06 12-Google Maps.png|Mihrab 
File:2024-09-03 06 59 44-Google Maps.png|alt=|Southern side of the mosque from the outside, showing the mihrab. 
File:2024-09-03 07 04 33-Google Maps.png|alt=|Images of the mosque before the installation of glass doors.
File:2024-09-03 07 05 48-Google Maps.png|alt= 
File:2024-09-03 07 00 12-Google Maps.png|alt= 
File:Thumbnail sm MfPou8NzLmWlkOg.webp|alt= 
</gallery> 


Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Yūsuf b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Al-Istīʿāb fī maʿrifat al-aṣḥāb''. Edited by ʿAlī Muḥammad al-Bajāwī. Beirut: Dār al-Jīl, 1412 AH.
==Notes== 
{{Notes}} 


Ibn Athīr, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Usd al-ghāba''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1415 AH
==References==
 
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Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Maghāzī''. Edited by Marsden Jones. Beirut: Muʾassisa al-Aʿlām, 1409 AH.
 
Yaʿqūbī, Aḥmad b. Abī Yaʿqūb al-. ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī''. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, n.p.
Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī & Muḥammad Ākhūndī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH.


Ibn ʿAsākir, ʿAlī b. Ḥasan. Tārīkh-i damishq. Edited by ʿAmr-i b. Gharāma al-ʿAmrawī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH/ 1995.
{{end}}
{{Places in Medina}} 
[[Category:Mosques in Medina]] 
[[Category:Completed articles]]

Latest revision as of 15:09, 18 March 2025

Salman al-Farsi Mosque
Template:Px
General Information
PlaceSaudi Arabia * Medina * Near the Fath Mosque and at the edge of Mount Sela'
UsageMosque
Religious Aspect
Religious AffiliationIslam
History
Time of Construction1st century AH
Historical FeaturesThe place where the Prophet(s) prayed
Current State
StatusExisting

Directions

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Salman al-Farsi Mosque is one of the historical mosques in Medina, located south of the Fath Mosque and northwest of Mount Sela'. The Prophet (PBUH) prayed at this site during the Battle of the Trench. The mosque is named after Salman al-Farsi, one of the companions of [[Prophet Muhammad(s)], who suggested digging the trench to defend against the Quraysh army. The mosque features a courtyard and a rectangular prayer hall.

Name and Location

Salman al-Farsi Mosque is located south of the Fath Mosque and northwest of the slopes of Mount Sela'.[1] It is said that the mosque was named after Salman al-Farsi, a companion of the Prophet (PBUH), who played a key role in the Battle of the Trench by proposing the idea of digging the trench.[1]

The Prophet's Prayer

Salman al-Farsi Mosque is one of the Fath Mosques. According to narrations, the Prophet (PBUH) prayed at the Fath Mosque and its surrounding mosques.[2] Ibn Shabba reports that during the Battle of the Trench, the Prophet prayed at the base of Mount Sela' and then ascended the mountain to supplicate.[3] Researchers believe this site to be the same as Salman al-Farsi Mosque.[4]

History

Salman al-Farsi Mosque is one of the oldest mosques in Medina. Some scholars suggest that it was likely built during the governorship of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz over Medina (87–101 AH).[5] The mention of the mosque in the works of Ibn Shabba[3] (who lived between 173–262 AH) indicates that the mosque existed in the 2nd century AH.

Ibn al-Barraj (d. 481 AH) also mentioned this mosque.[6] The mosque was reconstructed in 577 AH.[7][8] After this reconstruction, Ibn Najjar described the mosque as being surrounded by numerous palm trees and constructed with stone and plaster.[2] Some Shia sources from the 7th century AH mention prayers and visits to this mosque.[9][10]

Ibn Jubayr (d. 614 AH) described the mosque in his travelogue as being on the way to Mount Uhud.[11] The mosque is also mentioned in works from the 8th century,[12] 9th century,[13] 10th century,[14] and 11th century.[15]

Current Status

Today, Salman al-Farsi Mosque remains a site of visitation and prayer for pilgrims.[16] The mosque features a covered prayer hall in the southern part (qibla side) and a courtyard in the northern section. The prayer hall is rectangular with an arched roof.[4] The mosque is 8.5 meters long and 7 meters wide.[5]

Historical Images

  • According to the image, the mosque's entrance was blocked for some time.

Recent Images

  • Mihrab
    Mihrab
  • Southern side of the mosque from the outside, showing the mihrab.
  • Images of the mosque before the installation of glass doors.

Notes

  1. ↑ Jump up to: 1.0 1.1 Masājid al-Athariya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 143.
  2. ↑ Jump up to: 2.0 2.1 Al-Durra al-Thamina fi Tarikh al-Madina, Ibn Najjar, p. 189.
  3. ↑ Jump up to: 3.0 3.1 Tarikh al-Madina al-Munawwara, Ibn Shabba, pp. 58–59.
  4. ↑ Jump up to: 4.0 4.1 Masājid al-Athariya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 144.
  5. ↑ Jump up to: 5.0 5.1 Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Tatawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī, p. 188.
  6. ↑ Al-Muhadhdhab, Ibn al-Barraj, vol. 1, p. 283.
  7. ↑ Bahjat al-Nufus wa al-Asrar fi Tarikh Dar Hijrat al-Nabi al-Mukhtar, Marjani, vol. 1, p. 570.
  8. ↑ Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Tatawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī, p. 189.
  9. ↑ Al-Mazar, Muhammad ibn Jaʿfar al-Mashhadi, p. 102.
  10. ↑ Misbah al-Zaʾir, Sayyid Ibn Tawus, p. 64.
  11. ↑ Rihlat Ibn Jubayr, p. 156.
  12. ↑ Rihlat Ibn Battuta, vol. 1, p. 363 / Bahjat al-Nufus wa al-Asrar fi Tarikh Dar Hijrat al-Nabi al-Mukhtar, Marjani, vol. 1, p. 570.
  13. ↑ Al-Tuhfa al-Latifa fi Tarikh al-Madina al-Sharifa, Sakhavi, vol. 1, p. 40. / Itharat al-Targhib wa al-Tashwiq (with Ziyarat Bayt al-Maqdis by Ibn Taymiyya), Khwarizmi, vol. 2, p. 74.
  14. ↑ Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ, Samhudi, vol. 3, p. 189.
  15. ↑ Al-Jawahir al-Thamina fi Mahasin al-Madina, p. 135 / Al-Rihla al-ʿAyyashiyya, vol. 1, p. 392.
  16. ↑ Athar Islami Makka wa Madina, Jaʿfariyan, p. 300.

References

  • Ibn al-Barraj, Al-Qāḍī.** *Al-Muhadhdhab*. Qom: Muʾassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1406 AH.
  • Ibn Ṭāwūs, Sayyid.** *Miṣbāḥ al-Zāʾir*. Qom: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt, 1417 AH.
  • Khwārizmī, Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq.** *Ithārat al-Targhīb wa al-Tashwīq (with Ziyārat Bayt al-Maqdis by Ibn Taymiyya)*. Mecca: Maktabat Nizār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1418 AH.
  • Mashhadī, Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar.** *Al-Mazār*. Qom: Nashr al-Qayyūm, 1419 AH.
  • Ibn Jubayr.** *Riḥlat Ibn Jubayr (Tadhkira bi al-Akhbār ʿan Ittifāqāt al-Asfār)*. Beirut: Al-Muʾassasa al-ʿArabiyya li al-Dirāsāt wa al-Nashr, 2008 CE.
  • Ibn Baṭṭūṭa.** *Riḥlat Ibn Baṭṭūṭa (Tuḥfat al-Nuẓẓār fī Gharāʾib al-Amṣār wa ʿAjāʾib al-Asfār)*. Rabat: Akādīmiyyat al-Mamlaka al-Maghribiyya, 1417 AH.
  • Sakhāwī, Shams al-Dīn.** *Al-Tuḥfa al-Laṭīfa fī Tārīkh al-Madīna al-Sharīfa*. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1414 AH/1993 CE.
  • Ḥusaynī, Muḥammad Kabrīt al-Madanī.** *Al-Jawāhir al-Thamīna fī Maḥāsin al-Madīna*. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1417 AH.
  • ʿAyyāshī, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad.** *Al-Riḥla al-ʿAyyāshiyya (1661–1663 CE)*. Abu Dhabi: Dār al-Suwaydī, 2006 CE.
  • ʿAbd al-Ghanī, Muḥammad Ilyās.** *Masājid al-Āthārīya fī al-Madīna al-Munawwara*. Medina: Maṭābiʿ al-Rashīd, 1419 AH.
  • Samhūdī, ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh.** *Wafāʾ al-Wafā bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā*. Edited by Qāsim al-Sāmarrāʾī. London: Muʾassasat al-Furqān, 2001 CE.
  • Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl.** *Āthār Islāmī Makka wa Madīna*. Tehran: Nashr Mashʿar, 1390 SH.
  • Ibn Najjār, Muḥammad ibn Maḥmūd.** *Al-Durra al-Thamīna fī Tārīkh al-Madīna*. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīniyya, n.d.
  • Muṣṭafā, Ṣāliḥ Lamʿī.** *Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Taṭawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī*. Beirut: Dār al-Nahḍa al-ʿArabiyya, 1981 CE.

Template:Places in Medina

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