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Abraham (a) is considered a leader among the followers of monotheistic religions, the forerunner of monotheists, and the father of monotheistic nations. In Islamic literature and the Quran, Abraham is recognized as the builder or rebuilder of the [[Ka'ba]]. The Quran and Islamic narrations mention his migration to [[Mecca]], the construction of the Kaaba with the assistance of [[Ishma'il(a)]], and Abraham's performance of the [[hajj]].
==Abraham (s) among nations and peoples==


The word "Abraham" is of Babylonian origin, and according to some linguists, it is composed of "Ib" meaning father and "rahim" meaning merciful.<ref>Jawharī, ''Al-Ṣiḥāḥ fī al-lugha'', vol. 5, p.1871; Ibn Manẓūr,  ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', vol. 12, p.48; Abū Ḥayyān Andulusī, ''Al-Baḥr al-muḥīṭ fī al-tafsīr'', vol. 1, p. 542.</ref>
'''Al_Mustajār''' (Arabic: المستجار) is a part of the western wall of the Ka'ba, approximately 2 meters in length, located between [[the Rukn al-Yamani]] and the second door of the [[Ka'ba]], which was sealed during the time of [[Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi]]. This section is at the back of the Ka'ba, directly opposite the current door of the Ka'ba.
His two covenants and the Quran consider him a model of submission to God and the possessor of the highest moral virtues.<ref>Book of Genesis: 12:1-3; Jazāʾirī, ''Al-Nūr al-mubīn fī qiṣaṣ al-anbīyāʾ wa l-mursalīn'' p. 110.</ref>
The Quran describes him as a patient and compassionate man who seeks forgiveness for himself and others.<ref>Quran: 11:75; 9: 114.</ref>And he was always obedient to God's command and also advised his children to submit to the decree and will of the Lord.<ref>Quran: 2:131-132.</ref> God describes him as "Hanif," meaning inclined towards turning away from falsehood towards truth.<ref>Quran: 16:120; Quran: 3:17; Quran: 4:125.</ref> And He considers him the first Muslim.<ref>Quran: 6:163.</ref>
===The Arabs' recognition of Abraham===
Even before Islam, the Arabs had a complete awareness of Abraham. They had placed his image or statue along with Ishmael inside the Ka'ba. According to a narration, when the Prophet Muhammad(a) conquered Mecca, he pulled out and broke these two statues from inside the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>Bukhārī, ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'', vol. 5, p. 93; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, ''Fatḥ al-bārī bi sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'', vol. 8, p. 14.</ref>
In addition to this, numerous traces of Abraham, including sites, shrines, beliefs, and monotheistic practices attributed to him, are found throughout the Semitic region from Mesopotamia to the Sinai Peninsula. These serve as evidence of his extensive and profound influence among the nations, communities, and peoples of this region.<ref>Sūsa, ''Al-ʿarab wa al-yahūd fī al-tārīkh'', p. 251-256.</ref>


==Birth and migration from Babylon==
The meaning of the word Mustajār is 'refuge' or 'sanctuary.' This place is known for the acceptance of repentance and is recommended for supplication and prayer.
In Islamic narrations, we come across extensive information about the personal life of Abraham. All narrations agree that Abraham was born in the land of Babylon, in present-day southern Iraq.<ref> Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī. ''Muʿjam al-buldān''و vol. 1و p. 383.</ref>
==Al- Mustajar and Al-Multazam==
The subject of Abraham's migration from his original land is reported several times in the Quran.<ref>Quran: 19:48; 37:99; 29:26; 21:71.</ref>
Two places on the wall of the Ka'ba are introduced as places for the acceptance of supplications and repentance, and there are narrations about them:Al_Mustajar and [[Al_Multazam]].
According to interpretative narratives, the destination of this migration was the sacred land.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 20,p.174; Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 8, p. 371; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 12, p. 45.</ref>
In a less known narrative, it is reported to be [[Egypt]].<ref>Ibn Athīr al-Jazarī, ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 1, p. 100.</ref> In a narration by Ibn Abbas, the destination of Abraham's migration is understood to be Mecca.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 17, p. 62; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 7, p. 100.</ref> This migration occurred after Abraham's deliverance from the fire.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 17, p. 60; Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 8, p. 370-371.</ref>
According to several narratives, this migration followed Abraham's exile at the hands of Nimrod.<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 8, p. 371; Majlisī,''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 12, p.39-154.</ref>
===The Torah's narrative===
According to the Torah's account, Abraham, along with his father Terah, his wife Sarah, and his nephew Lot, left Ur of the Chaldeans and migrated to Haran.<ref>Book of Genesis: 11:31.</ref> Then, by God's command, he left Haran towards the land of Canaan.<ref>Book of Genesis: 12:4-5</ref>The holy land is mentioned as his ultimate destination for migration.<ref>Book of Genesis: 12:1.</ref>
Some Islamic narratives confirm the accounts of the Torah, according to which Abraham initially went to Haran, resided there for a while, and then departed from Haran to journey towards Palestine.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 17, p. 61; Qurṭubī, ''Tafsīr al-Qurtubī(Al-Jamiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān'', vol. 15, p. 98; vol. 23, p. 65; Shabistarī, ''Aʿlām al-Qurʾān'', p. 23.</ref>
==The journey to Mecca==
In the Quran, unlike the Torah, Abraham's journey to Mecca is mentioned, which likely occurred at least twice. During the first journey, Hagar and Ishmael were also with him, and he settled them in Mecca. At that time, Mecca was a barren land devoid of water and vegetation.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 755; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 6, p. 84.</ref>
﴿رَبَّنا إِنِّی أَسکنتُ مِن ذُرِّیتِی بِواد غَیرِ ذِی زَرع عِندَ بَیتِک المُحَرَّم"Our Lord, indeed I have settled some of my descendants in an uncultivated valley near Your sacred House.<ref>Quran: 14:37.</ref> Based on numerous narrations, Ishmael was an infant during this journey, and at the command of God and with the assistance of Gabriel, Abraham placed Ishmael in the current location of the [[Hijr Isma'il]].<ref>Bukhārī, ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'', vol. 4, p. 116; Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 201.</ref>
According to another narration, after arriving in Mecca and Abraham's departure, Ishma'il fell into a state of near-death due to extreme thirst. Then, by the grace of God, water was found in that land, and it became the destination for caravans from Yemen.<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 20.</ref> According to the narrations of interpreters, the settlement of Ishma'il and Hagar in this location, along with Abraham's supplication for the prosperity of this city, laid the foundation for the establishment or flourishing of the city of Mecca.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 12, p. 68; Al-shirwanī wa Al-ʿIbādī, ''Ḥawāshī al-shirwanī wa al-ʿIbādī'', vol. 4, p. 66.</ref>
===Abraham's second journey to Mecca===
According to the verses of the Quran, Abraham traveled to Mecca more than once. During his first journey, he settled his infant son Ishma'i and Hagar there.<ref>Quran: 14:37.</ref>
And during his second journey, he, with the help of his son Ishma'il, built the Ka'ba and established the [[Rites of Hajj al-Tamattu'|rituals of Hajj]].<ref>Quran: 2:127.</ref>
==The construction of the Ka'ba==
From the apparent meaning of some verses, such as (إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَیت وُضِعَ لِلنّاس...) "Indeed, the first House [of worship] established for mankind..."<ref>Quran: 3:96.</ref> And explicit narratives indicate that the Ka'ba existed before Abraham and was built by [[Adam (Prophet)|Prophet Adam]].<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 386; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī,''Fatḥ al-bārī bi sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'', vol. 6, p. 290-291; Qummi Mashhadi, ''Tafsīr kanz al-daqāʾiq wa bahr al-gharāʾib'', vol. 1, p. 338-339.</ref> On the other hand, some scholars consider Abraham as the founder of the Kaaba and regard the accounts of Adam building the Ka'ba as weak.<ref>Ibn Kathīr,''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm'', Vol. 1, p. 391.</ref>
Numerous narrations suggest that initially, the location of the Ka'ba was not known to Abraham, and it was Gabriel who taught him the place to build it.<ref>Qummī, ''Tafsīr al-Qummī'', vol. 1, p. 62; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 389; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 96, p. 38.</ref>
In the Quranic verses, there is no explicit mention of God commanding Abraham to build the [[Ka'ba]]. However, some narrations, which commentators have adhered to, state that God instructed him to build the Ka'ba.<ref>Qummī,  ''Tafsīr al-Qummī'', vol. 1, p. 61; Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, ''Tafsīr al-Ṣāfī'', vol. 1, p. 189; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 12, p. 99.</ref>
Abraham was not alone in building the Ka'ba; Ishma'il assisted him by fetching bricks or stones, and Abraham constructed it.<ref>Thaʿlabī, ''Al-Kashf wa l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 274; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 292; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 389.</ref>
In some narratives, assistance from angels to them is also mentioned.<ref>ʿAynī, ''ʿUmdat al-qarī; Sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'', vol. 9, p. 213.</ref>The building materials were a type of red brick or stone brought from five different mountains surrounding the Kaaba, and according to one narrative, they were brought from the [[Mount Tuwa]].<ref>Qummī,  ''Tafsīr al-Qummī'', vol. 1, p. 62; ʿAynī, ''ʿUmdat al-qarī; Sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'', vol. 9, p. 213; Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, ''Tafsīr al-Ṣāfī'', vol. 1, p. 189.</ref>
==Maqam Ibrahim==
The [[Maqam Ibrahim]](Station of Abraham) next to the Ka'ba is another trace of Abraham: "وَإِذ جَعَلنَا البَیتَ مَثَابَةً لِّلنَّاسِ وَأَمْنًا وَاتَّخِذُوا مِن مَّقَامِ إِبرَاهِیمَ مُصَلًّی Thus we set up the House as a resort for mankind and a sanctuary, and [said]: "Adopt Abraham's station as a place for prayer.<ref>Quran: 2:125.</ref>
It is said that this is the same stone that he placed under his feet when building the Ka'ba. Some have also considered the Ka'ba itself as the Station of Abraham.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 746-747; Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr'', vol. 4, p. 54.</ref>
==Calling people to Hajj==
According to narratives, after the construction of the Ka'ba, Abraham was commanded by God to call upon the people for [[Hajj]]: (و‌أَذِّن فی النّاسِ بِالحَجّ... "and proclaim among men the Pilgrimage, ...")<ref>Quran: 22:27.</ref>
He stood on [[Mount Abu Qubays]], placing his hand on his ear and cried out: "O people! Answer the call of your Lord." [[The tribe of Jurhum]], a Yemeni tribe, were the first to respond to his call.<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 205; ʿAynī, ''ʿUmdat al-qarī'', vol. 9, p. 128; Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 11, p. 15.</ref>


==Abraham's Hajj==
It is usually said that Mustajār is at the back of the [[Ka'ba]] on the western side, encompassing the distance from the [[the Rukn al-Yamani]] to the sealed door of the Kaaba, and Multazam is on the eastern side, encompassing the distance from [[the Hajar al-Aswad]] to the current door of the Ka'ba.<ref>Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, " Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh", p. 99_101.</ref>
From the apparent meaning of the Quranic verses, it is understood that Abraham was not familiar with the [[Rites of Hajj al-Tamattu'|rituals of Hajj]]. Therefore, he asked God to teach him: (... وأَرِنا مَناسِکنا..."...Show us our ceremonies...")<ref>Quran: 2:128.</ref>
However, the narrations related to Multazam and Mustajar have been mixed together, and sometimes Mustajar and Multazam are considered two names for the same place. It is sometimes said that Shia Muslims consider [[al-Multazam]] and al-Mustajar to be the same, whereas Sunni Muslims consider them to be different, with Multazam being the area between [[the Hajar al-Aswad]] and the door of the Ka'ba.<ref>Qāʾidān, " Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna", p. 71.</ref>
Scholars of narrations have mentioned that Gabriel taught the rituals of Hajj to Abraham.<ref>Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, ''Qiṣaṣ al-anbīyā'', vol. 1, p. 189; Suyūṭī, ''Al-Durr al-manthūr fī tafsīr al-maʾthūr'', vol. 1, p. 137; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 12, p. 100.</ref>
Some Shia scholars, based on the collections of narrations from [[the Ahl al-Bayt]] regarding the acts performed at Multazam and Mustajār, have concluded that these two are names for the same place, which is Mustajār.<ref>majlisī, ''Mirāʾat al-ʿUqūl'', vol. 9, p. 106.</ref>
There is no specific report regarding the number of pilgrimages performed by Abraham; it is said that Abraham's first pilgrimage was after the construction of the [[Ka'ba|House of God]].<ref>Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, ''Qiṣaṣ al-anbīyā'', vol. 1, p. 189; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 12, p. 100.</ref>
In Sunni sources, there are also numerous narrations and reports that consider Multazam to be at the back of the Ka'ba (the same place as Mustajar).<ref>Naʿmatī, "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam" p. 84.</ref>
This view is also supported by those who consider him as the founder of the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 462.</ref>
Despite all this, in most geographical sources on Mecca, Multazam and Mustajar are distinguished from each other.<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām'',vol. 1, p. 196; Mālikī, " Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 200_203; Sanjārī, "Manāʾih al-Karam", vol. 1, p. 307; Ibn Zahīra,''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf'', p. 47. </ref>
However, there are narrations indicating that Abraham's  first pilgrimage was before the construction of the Ka'ba.<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 202-203.</ref>
==Al_Mustajār and the Crack of the Ka'ba==
 
Some consider Al_Mustajār to be the part of the wall of the [[Ka'ba]] that was split open to allow [[Fatimah bint Asad]], the mother of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), to enter the Kaaba for the birth of her son.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, "Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah", p. 178; Jaʿfariyān,''Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 97.</ref>
 
==The Supplication of Mustajār==
In the rituals of [[Tawaf]], it is mentioned that: It is recommended for the pilgrim, in the last round of their [[Tawaf]], to place their face and hands on the wall, press their stomach and front against the wall of the [[Ka'ba]], and say:
*أللَّهُمَّ الْبَيْتُ بَيْتُكَ وَالْعَبْدُ عَبْدُكَ وَهذا مَكانُ الْعائِذِ بِكَ مِنَ النَّار. "O Allah, this house is Your house, and this servant is Your servant, and this is the place of one who seeks refuge with You from the Fire."
Then, they should confess their sins and seek forgiveness, and afterwards say:
*أللَّهُمَّ مِنْ قِبَلِكَ الرَّوْحُ وَالْفَرَجُ وَالْعافِيَةُ. أللَّهُمَّ إنَّ عَمَلِي ضَعيْفٌ فَضاعِفْهُ لِي وَاغْفِرْ لي مَا اطَّلَعْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنِّي وَخَفِيَ عَلى‏ خَلْقِكَ أسْتَجِيرُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ النَّار."O Allah, from You comes the spirit, relief, and well-being. O Allah, my deeds are weak, so multiply them for me and forgive me for what You have seen of me that is hidden from Your creation. I seek refuge with Allah from the Fire.
 
Then, after that, the person should make any supplications they wish, touch the Yemeni Corner (Rukn Yamani), come to [[the Hajar al-Aswad]], complete their Tawaf, and say:
*أللَّهُمَّ قَنِّعْنِي بِما رَزَقْتَني وَبارِكْ لِي فِيما آتَيْتَني‏ "O Allah, make me content with what You have provided me and bless me in what You have granted me.<ref>Khomeinī, "Manāsk Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd", p. 436.</ref>  
==Notes==
==Notes==
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==References==
==References==
{{References}}
{{References}}
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*Fāsī, Taqī al-Dīn Muḥammad. ''Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi-Aḵbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām''. Edited by a committee of prominent scholars and literati. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, n.d.
*Al-shirwanī wa Al-ʿIbādī. Ḥawāshī al-shirwanī wa al-ʿIbādī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, [n.d].
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*Sanjārī, ʿAlī b. Tāj al-Dīn. ''Manāʾih al-Karam''. Makkah: Jāmiʿah Umm al-Qurā, 1419 AH.
*Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Qiṣaṣ al-anbīyāʾ''. Edited by Muṣtafā ʿAbd al-Waḥidī. Beirut:Dār al-Kutub al-Ḥadītha,  1388 AH.
*Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, Muḥammad Rezā. ''Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah''. Compiled by Rasūl Jafarīān. Qom: Nashr-i Mūrikh, 1386 AH.
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*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
*Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qummī''. Edited by Mūsawī Jazāʾirī. Third edition. Qom: Dār al-Kitab, 1404 AH.
*Qummi Mashhadī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad Riḍa. ''Tafsīr kanz al-daqāʾiq wa bahr al-gharāʾib''. Tehran: Wizārat-i Farhang wa Irshād-i Islāmī, 1411AH.
*Qurṭubī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qurtubī(Al-Jamiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān)''. Fifth edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1405 AH.
*Shabistarī, ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn. ''Aʿlām al-Qurʾān''. 1st edition. Qom: Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī-yi Ḥawza-yi Ilmīya-yi Qom, 1379 Sh.
*Sūsa, Aḥmad. Al-ʿarab wa al-yahūd fī al-tārīkh. Damascus: [n.p], 1972
*Suyūṭī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Bakr al-. ''Al-Durr al-manthūr fī tafsīr al-maʾthūr''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1365 AH.
*Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Edited by Ṣidqī Jamīl and ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd Hindāwī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH
*Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn al-. ''Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1393 AH.
*Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1415 AH.
*Thaʿlabī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Kashf wa l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1422 AH.
*Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Edited by Aḥmad Qaṣīr al-ʿĀmilī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, [n.d].
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Latest revision as of 11:30, 7 August 2024

Al_Mustajār (Arabic: المستجار) is a part of the western wall of the Ka'ba, approximately 2 meters in length, located between the Rukn al-Yamani and the second door of the Ka'ba, which was sealed during the time of Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi. This section is at the back of the Ka'ba, directly opposite the current door of the Ka'ba.

The meaning of the word Mustajār is 'refuge' or 'sanctuary.' This place is known for the acceptance of repentance and is recommended for supplication and prayer.

Al- Mustajar and Al-Multazam

Two places on the wall of the Ka'ba are introduced as places for the acceptance of supplications and repentance, and there are narrations about them:Al_Mustajar and Al_Multazam.

It is usually said that Mustajār is at the back of the Ka'ba on the western side, encompassing the distance from the the Rukn al-Yamani to the sealed door of the Kaaba, and Multazam is on the eastern side, encompassing the distance from the Hajar al-Aswad to the current door of the Ka'ba.[1] However, the narrations related to Multazam and Mustajar have been mixed together, and sometimes Mustajar and Multazam are considered two names for the same place. It is sometimes said that Shia Muslims consider al-Multazam and al-Mustajar to be the same, whereas Sunni Muslims consider them to be different, with Multazam being the area between the Hajar al-Aswad and the door of the Ka'ba.[2] Some Shia scholars, based on the collections of narrations from the Ahl al-Bayt regarding the acts performed at Multazam and Mustajār, have concluded that these two are names for the same place, which is Mustajār.[3] In Sunni sources, there are also numerous narrations and reports that consider Multazam to be at the back of the Ka'ba (the same place as Mustajar).[4] Despite all this, in most geographical sources on Mecca, Multazam and Mustajar are distinguished from each other.[5]

Al_Mustajār and the Crack of the Ka'ba

Some consider Al_Mustajār to be the part of the wall of the Ka'ba that was split open to allow Fatimah bint Asad, the mother of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), to enter the Kaaba for the birth of her son.[6]

The Supplication of Mustajār

In the rituals of Tawaf, it is mentioned that: It is recommended for the pilgrim, in the last round of their Tawaf, to place their face and hands on the wall, press their stomach and front against the wall of the Ka'ba, and say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ الْبَيْتُ بَيْتُكَ وَالْعَبْدُ عَبْدُكَ وَهذا مَكانُ الْعائِذِ بِكَ مِنَ النَّار. "O Allah, this house is Your house, and this servant is Your servant, and this is the place of one who seeks refuge with You from the Fire."

Then, they should confess their sins and seek forgiveness, and afterwards say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ مِنْ قِبَلِكَ الرَّوْحُ وَالْفَرَجُ وَالْعافِيَةُ. أللَّهُمَّ إنَّ عَمَلِي ضَعيْفٌ فَضاعِفْهُ لِي وَاغْفِرْ لي مَا اطَّلَعْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنِّي وَخَفِيَ عَلى‏ خَلْقِكَ أسْتَجِيرُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ النَّار."O Allah, from You comes the spirit, relief, and well-being. O Allah, my deeds are weak, so multiply them for me and forgive me for what You have seen of me that is hidden from Your creation. I seek refuge with Allah from the Fire.

Then, after that, the person should make any supplications they wish, touch the Yemeni Corner (Rukn Yamani), come to the Hajar al-Aswad, complete their Tawaf, and say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ قَنِّعْنِي بِما رَزَقْتَني وَبارِكْ لِي فِيما آتَيْتَني‏ "O Allah, make me content with what You have provided me and bless me in what You have granted me.[7]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, " Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh", p. 99_101.
  2. ↑ Qāʾidān, " Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna", p. 71.
  3. ↑ majlisī, Mirāʾat al-ʿUqūl, vol. 9, p. 106.
  4. ↑ Naʿmatī, "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam" p. 84.
  5. ↑ Fāsī al-Makkī, Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām,vol. 1, p. 196; Mālikī, " Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 200_203; Sanjārī, "Manāʾih al-Karam", vol. 1, p. 307; Ibn Zahīra,Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf, p. 47.
  6. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, "Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah", p. 178; Jaʿfariyān,Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 97.
  7. ↑ Khomeinī, "Manāsk Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd", p. 436.

References

  • Fāsī, Taqī al-Dīn Muḥammad. Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi-Aḵbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām. Edited by a committee of prominent scholars and literati. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, n.d.
  • Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf. Edited by ʿAlī ʿUmar. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīnīyya, 1423 AH.
  • Jafarīān, Rasūl. *Āthār Islāmī Makkah wa Madīnah*. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1389 AH.
  • Khomeinī, Rūḥ Allāh. Manāsk-i Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1409 AH.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Mir'āt al-'uqūl. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.
  • Mālikī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām. Makkah: Maktabat al-Asadī, 1424 AH.
  • Naʿmatī, Muḥammad Rezā. "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam". Majallah Mīqāt-i Ḥajj, no. 43, Farvardīn 1382 SH.
  • Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. Tārīkh wa Āthār Islāmī Makkah Mukarramah wa Madīnah Munawwarah. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1400 AH.
  • Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, Niʿmat Allāh. Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh. Qom: Markaz Jahanī ʿUlūm Islāmī, 1386 AH.
  • Sanjārī, ʿAlī b. Tāj al-Dīn. Manāʾih al-Karam. Makkah: Jāmiʿah Umm al-Qurā, 1419 AH.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, Muḥammad Rezā. Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah. Compiled by Rasūl Jafarīān. Qom: Nashr-i Mūrikh, 1386 AH.
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