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| Abraham (a) is considered a leader among the followers of monotheistic religions, the forerunner of monotheists, and the father of monotheistic nations. In Islamic literature and the Quran, Abraham is recognized as the builder or rebuilder of the [[Ka'ba]]. The Quran and Islamic narrations mention his migration to [[Mecca]], the construction of the Kaaba with the assistance of [[Ishmael(a)]], and Abraham's performance of the [[hajj]].
| | {{Building |
| ==Abraham (s) among nations and peoples==
| | | title = Salman al-Farsi Mosque |
| | | image =سلمان.jpg |
| | | image size = |
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| | | other names = |
| | | place = [[Saudi Arabia]] * [[Medina]] * Near the [[Fath Mosque]] and at the edge of Mount Sela' |
| | | usage = Mosque |
| | | religious affiliation = Islam |
| | | beliefs = |
| | | rituals = |
| | | rulings = |
| | | pilgrims = |
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| | | time of construction = 1st century AH |
| | | founder = |
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| | | reconstructions = |
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| | | missing parts = |
| | | historical features = The place where the Prophet(s) prayed |
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| | | status = Existing |
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| | | latitude = 24.477443 |
| | | longitude = 39.595562 |
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| | }} |
| | '''Salman al-Farsi Mosque''' is one of the historical mosques in Medina, located south of the [[Fath Mosque (Medina)|Fath Mosque]] and northwest of [[Mount Sela']]. The Prophet (PBUH) prayed at this site during the [[Battle of the Trench]]. The mosque is named after [[Salman al-Farsi]], one of the companions of [[Prophet Muhammad(s)], who suggested digging the trench to defend against the Quraysh army. The mosque features a courtyard and a rectangular prayer hall. |
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| The word "Abraham" is of Babylonian origin, and according to some linguists, it is composed of "Ib" meaning father and "rahim" meaning merciful.<ref>Jawharī, ''Al-Ṣiḥāḥ fī al-lugha'', vol. 5, p.1871; Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', vol. 12, p.48; Abū Ḥayyān Andulusī, ''Al-Baḥr al-muḥīṭ fī al-tafsīr'', vol. 1, p. 542.</ref>
| | ==Name and Location== |
| His two covenants and the Quran consider him a model of submission to God and the possessor of the highest moral virtues.<ref>Book of Genesis: 12:1-3; Jazāʾirī, ''Al-Nūr al-mubīn fī qiṣaṣ al-anbīyāʾ wa l-mursalīn'' p. 110.</ref>
| | Salman al-Farsi Mosque is located south of the [[Fath Mosque]] and northwest of the slopes of [[Mount Sela']].<ref name=":0">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Masajid_al-Athariya.pdf&page=143 Masājid al-Athariya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 143.]</ref> It is said that the mosque was named after [[Salman al-Farsi]], a companion of the Prophet (PBUH), who played a key role in the [[Battle of the Trench]] by proposing the idea of digging the trench.<ref name=":0" /> |
| The Quran describes him as a patient and compassionate man who seeks forgiveness for himself and others.<ref>Quran: 11:75; 9: 114.</ref>And he was always obedient to God's command and also advised his children to submit to the decree and will of the Lord.<ref>Quran: 2:131-132.</ref> God describes him as "Hanif," meaning inclined towards turning away from falsehood towards truth.<ref>Quran: 16:120; Quran: 3:17; Quran: 4:125.</ref> And He considers him the first Muslim.<ref>Quran: 6:163.</ref>
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| ===The Arabs' recognition of Abraham===
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| Even before Islam, the Arabs had a complete awareness of Abraham. They had placed his image or statue along with Ishmael inside the Ka'ba. According to a narration, when the Prophet Muhammad(a) conquered Mecca, he pulled out and broke these two statues from inside the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>Bukhārī, ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'', vol. 5, p. 93; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, ''Fatḥ al-bārī bi sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'', vol. 8, p. 14.</ref>
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| In addition to this, numerous traces of Abraham, including sites, shrines, beliefs, and monotheistic practices attributed to him, are found throughout the Semitic region from Mesopotamia to the Sinai Peninsula. These serve as evidence of his extensive and profound influence among the nations, communities, and peoples of this region.<ref>Sūsa, ''Al-ʿarab wa al-yahūd fī al-tārīkh'', p. 251-256.</ref>
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| ==Birth and migration from Babylon== | | ==The Prophet's Prayer== |
| In Islamic narrations, we come across extensive information about the personal life of Abraham. All narrations agree that Abraham was born in the land of Babylon, in present-day southern Iraq.<ref> Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī. ''Muʿjam al-buldān''و vol. 1و p. 383.</ref>
| | Salman al-Farsi Mosque is one of the [[Fath Mosques]]. According to narrations, the Prophet (PBUH) prayed at the Fath Mosque and its surrounding mosques.<ref name=":4">Al-Durra al-Thamina fi Tarikh al-Madina, Ibn Najjar, p. 189.</ref> Ibn Shabba reports that during the [[Battle of the Trench]], the Prophet prayed at the base of Mount Sela' and then ascended the mountain to supplicate.<ref name=":2">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Tarikh_al-Madina_al-Munawwara_Ibn_Shabba.pdf&page=59 Tarikh al-Madina al-Munawwara, Ibn Shabba, pp. 58–59.]</ref> Researchers believe this site to be the same as Salman al-Farsi Mosque.<ref name=":1">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Masajid_al-Athariya.pdf&page=144 Masājid al-Athariya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 144.]</ref> |
| The subject of Abraham's migration from his original land is reported several times in the Quran.<ref>Quran: 19:48; 37:99; 29:26; 21:71.</ref>
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| According to interpretative narratives, the destination of this migration was the sacred land.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 20,p.174; Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 8, p. 371; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 12, p. 45.</ref>
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| In a less known narrative, it is reported to be [[Egypt]].<ref>Ibn Athīr al-Jazarī, ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 1, p. 100.</ref> In a narration by Ibn Abbas, the destination of Abraham's migration is understood to be Mecca.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 17, p. 62; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 7, p. 100.</ref> This migration occurred after Abraham's deliverance from the fire.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 17, p. 60; Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 8, p. 370-371.</ref>
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| According to several narratives, this migration followed Abraham's exile at the hands of Nimrod.<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 8, p. 371; Majlisī,''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 12, p.39-154.</ref>
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| ===The Torah's narrative=== | |
| According to the Torah's account, Abraham, along with his father Terah, his wife Sarah, and his nephew Lot, left Ur of the Chaldeans and migrated to Haran.<ref>Book of Genesis: 11:31.</ref> Then, by God's command, he left Haran towards the land of Canaan.<ref>Book of Genesis: 12:4-5</ref>The holy land is mentioned as his ultimate destination for migration.<ref>Book of Genesis: 12:1.</ref>
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| Some Islamic narratives confirm the accounts of the Torah, according to which Abraham initially went to Haran, resided there for a while, and then departed from Haran to journey towards Palestine.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 17, p. 61; Qurṭubī, ''Tafsīr al-Qurtubī(Al-Jamiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān'', vol. 15, p. 98; vol. 23, p. 65; Shabistarī, ''Aʿlām al-Qurʾān'', p. 23.</ref>
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| ==The journey to Mecca==
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| In the Quran, unlike the Torah, Abraham's journey to Mecca is mentioned, which likely occurred at least twice. During the first journey, Hagar and Ishmael were also with him, and he settled them in Mecca. At that time, Mecca was a barren land devoid of water and vegetation.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 755; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 6, p. 84.</ref>
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| ﴿رَبَّنا إِنِّی أَسکنتُ مِن ذُرِّیتِی بِواد غَیرِ ذِی زَرع عِندَ بَیتِک المُحَرَّم"Our Lord, indeed I have settled some of my descendants in an uncultivated valley near Your sacred House.<ref>Quran: 14:37.</ref> Based on numerous narrations, Ishmael was an infant during this journey, and at the command of God and with the assistance of Gabriel, Abraham placed Ishmael in the current location of the [[Hijr Isma'il]].<ref>Bukhārī, ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'', vol. 4, p. 116; Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 201.</ref>
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| According to another narration, after arriving in Mecca and Abraham's departure, Ishma'il fell into a state of near-death due to extreme thirst. Then, by the grace of God, water was found in that land, and it became the destination for caravans from Yemen.<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 20.</ref> According to the narrations of interpreters, the settlement of Ishma'il and Hagar in this location, along with Abraham's supplication for the prosperity of this city, laid the foundation for the establishment or flourishing of the city of Mecca.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 12, p. 68; Al-shirwanī wa Al-ʿIbādī, ''Ḥawāshī al-shirwanī wa al-ʿIbādī'', vol. 4, p. 66.</ref>
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| ===Abraham's second journey to Mecca===
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| According to the verses of the Quran, Abraham traveled to Mecca more than once. During his first journey, he settled his infant son Ishma'i and Hagar there.<ref>Quran: 14:37.</ref>
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| And during his second journey, he, with the help of his son Ishma'il, built the Ka'ba and established the [[Rites of Hajj al-Tamattu'|rituals of Hajj]].<ref>Quran: 2:127.</ref>
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| ==The construction of the Ka'ba==
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| From the apparent meaning of some verses, such as (إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَیت وُضِعَ لِلنّاس...) "Indeed, the first House [of worship] established for mankind..."<ref>Quran: 3:96.</ref> And explicit narratives indicate that the Ka'ba existed before Abraham and was built by [[Adam (Prophet)|Prophet Adam]].<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 386; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī,''Fatḥ al-bārī bi sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'', vol. 6, p. 290-291; Qummi Mashhadi, ''Tafsīr kanz al-daqāʾiq wa bahr al-gharāʾib'', vol. 1, p. 338-339.</ref> On the other hand, some scholars consider Abraham as the founder of the Kaaba and regard the accounts of Adam building the Ka'ba as weak.<ref>Ibn Kathīr,''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm'', Vol. 1, p. 391.</ref>
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| Numerous narrations suggest that initially, the location of the Ka'ba was not known to Abraham, and it was Gabriel who taught him the place to build it.<ref>Qummī, ''Tafsīr al-Qummī'', vol. 1, p. 62; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 389; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 96, p. 38.</ref>
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| In the Quranic verses, there is no explicit mention of God commanding Abraham to build the [[Ka'ba]]. However, some narrations, which commentators have adhered to, state that God instructed him to build the Kaaba.(31)( Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qummī''.vol1.p61,,, Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, Mullā Muḥsin. ''Tafsīr al-Ṣāfī'.vol1.p189,,, Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār.vol12.p99)
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| Abraham was not alone in building the Kaaba; Ishmael assisted him by fetching bricks or stones, and Abraham constructed it.(32)( Thaʿlabī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Kashf wa l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol1.p274,,, Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn al-. ''Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol1.p292,,, Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol1p389)
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| In some narratives, assistance from angels to them is also mentioned. (33)( ʿAynī, Maḥmūd b. Aḥmad. ''ʿUmdat al-qarī; Sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī''.vol9.p213) The building materials were a type of red brick or stone brought from five different mountains surrounding the Kaaba, and according to one narrative, they were brought from the Mount Tuwa. (34) Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qummī''.vol1.p62,,, ʿAynī, Maḥmūd b. Aḥmad. ''ʿUmdat al-qarī; Sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī.vol9.p213,,, Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, Mullā Muḥsin. ''Tafsīr al-Ṣāfī.vol1.p189)
| | ==History== |
| The Station of Abraham
| | Salman al-Farsi Mosque is one of the oldest mosques in [[Medina]]. Some scholars suggest that it was likely built during the governorship of [[Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz]] over Medina (87–101 AH).<ref name=":6">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Al-Madina_al-Munawwara_Tatawwuruhā_al-ʿUmrānī.pdf&page=188 Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Tatawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī, p. 188.]</ref> The mention of the mosque in the works of Ibn Shabba<ref name=":2" /> (who lived between 173–262 AH) indicates that the mosque existed in the 2nd century AH. |
| The Station of Abraham next to the Kaaba is another trace of Abraham (peace be upon him): "And [mention] when We made the House a place of return for the people and [a place of] security. And take, [O believers], from the standing place of Abraham a place of prayer(35)***
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| It is said that this is the same stone that he placed under his feet when building the Kaaba. Some have also considered the Kaaba itself as the Station of Abraham. (36)( Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol1.p746-747,,, Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. al-ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr.vol4.p54)
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| According to narratives, after the construction of the Kaaba, Ibrahim was commanded by God to call upon the people for Hajj: "And proclaim to the people the Hajj [pilgrimage]..."(37)***
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| He stood on Mount Abu Qubais, placing his hand on his ear and cried out: "O people! Answer the call of your Lord." The tribe of Jurhum, a Yemeni tribe, were the first to respond to his call.(38)( Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī'.vol4.p205,,, ʿAynī, Maḥmūd b. Aḥmad. ''ʿUmdat al-qarī.vol9.p128,,, Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa''.vol11.p15)
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| The pilgrimage of Ibrahim (peace be upon him)
| | Ibn al-Barraj (d. 481 AH) also mentioned this mosque.<ref>Al-Muhadhdhab, Ibn al-Barraj, vol. 1, p. 283.</ref> The mosque was reconstructed in 577 AH.<ref name=":5">Bahjat al-Nufus wa al-Asrar fi Tarikh Dar Hijrat al-Nabi al-Mukhtar, Marjani, vol. 1, p. 570.</ref><ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Al-Madina_al-Munawwara_Tatawwuruhā_al-ʿUmrānī.pdf&page=189 Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Tatawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī, p. 189.]</ref> After this reconstruction, [[Ibn Najjar]] described the mosque as being surrounded by numerous palm trees and constructed with stone and plaster.<ref name=":4" /> Some Shia sources from the 7th century AH mention prayers and visits to this mosque.<ref>Al-Mazar, Muhammad ibn Jaʿfar al-Mashhadi, p. 102.</ref><ref>Misbah al-Zaʾir, Sayyid Ibn Tawus, p. 64.</ref> |
| From the apparent meaning of the Quranic verses, it is understood that Ibrahim was not familiar with the rituals of Hajj. Therefore, he asked God to teach him: "...and show us our rites [of worship]..."(39)***
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| Scholars of narrations have mentioned that Gabriel taught the rituals of Hajj to Ibrahim.(40)( Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Qiṣaṣ al-anbīyā.vol1.p189,,, Suyūṭī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Bakr al-. ''Al-Durr al-manthūr fī tafsīr al-maʾthūr.vol1.p137)(41)( Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār.vol12.p100)
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| There is no specific report regarding the number of pilgrimages performed by Ibrahim; it is said that Ibrahim's first pilgrimage was after the construction of the House of God.(42)( Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Qiṣaṣ al-anbīyā..vol1.p189,,, Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār.vol12.p100)
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| This view is also supported by those who consider him as the founder of the Kaaba.(43)( Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol1.p462)
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| However, there are narrations indicating that Ibrahim's first pilgrimage was before the construction of the Kaaba.(44)( Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī'.vol4.p202-203)
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| {{Notes}}
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| ==Notes==
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| {{References}}
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| ==References==
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| Shabistarī, ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn. ''Aʿlām al-Qurʾān''. 1st edition. Qom: Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī-yi Ḥawza-yi Ilmīya-yi Qom, 1379 Sh.
| | [[Ibn Jubayr]] (d. 614 AH) described the mosque in his travelogue as being on the way to [[Mount Uhud]].<ref>Rihlat Ibn Jubayr, p. 156.</ref> The mosque is also mentioned in works from the 8th century,<ref>Rihlat Ibn Battuta, vol. 1, p. 363 / Bahjat al-Nufus wa al-Asrar fi Tarikh Dar Hijrat al-Nabi al-Mukhtar, Marjani, vol. 1, p. 570.</ref> 9th century,<ref>Al-Tuhfa al-Latifa fi Tarikh al-Madina al-Sharifa, Sakhavi, vol. 1, p. 40. / Itharat al-Targhib wa al-Tashwiq (with Ziyarat Bayt al-Maqdis by Ibn Taymiyya), Khwarizmi, vol. 2, p. 74.</ref> 10th century,<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Wafa_al-Wafa_Samhudi_Vol3.pdf&page=189 Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ, Samhudi, vol. 3, p. 189.]</ref> and 11th century.<ref>Al-Jawahir al-Thamina fi Mahasin al-Madina, p. 135 / Al-Rihla al-ʿAyyashiyya, vol. 1, p. 392.</ref> |
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| Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
| | ==Current Status== |
| | Today, Salman al-Farsi Mosque remains a site of visitation and prayer for pilgrims.<ref name=":3">Athar Islami Makka wa Madina, Jaʿfariyan, p. 300.</ref> The mosque features a covered prayer hall in the southern part (qibla side) and a courtyard in the northern section. The prayer hall is rectangular with an arched roof.<ref name=":1" /> The mosque is 8.5 meters long and 7 meters wide.<ref name=":6" /> |
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| Abū Ḥayyān Andulusī, Muḥammad b. Yusuf. ''Al-Baḥr al-muḥīṭ fī al-tafsīr''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1422 AH
| | ==Historical Images== |
| | <gallery> |
| | File:غغب.jpg|alt= |
| | File:1776097.jpg|alt= |
| | File:سلمان2.jpg|alt= |
| | File:Cdn4.premiumread.jpg|alt= |
| | File:2024-09-03 06 39 50-الفتح، 7149 - حي - 3378، المدينة المنورة 42312، عربستان سعودی - Google Maps.png|alt=|According to the image, the mosque's entrance was blocked for some time. |
| | </gallery> |
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| Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Edited by Aḥmad Qaṣīr al-ʿĀmilī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, [n.d].
| | ==Recent Images== |
| | <gallery> |
| | File:2024-09-03 07 11 04-Google Maps.png|alt= |
| | File:2024-09-03 07 06 12-Google Maps.png|Mihrab |
| | File:2024-09-03 06 59 44-Google Maps.png|alt=|Southern side of the mosque from the outside, showing the mihrab. |
| | File:2024-09-03 07 04 33-Google Maps.png|alt=|Images of the mosque before the installation of glass doors. |
| | File:2024-09-03 07 05 48-Google Maps.png|alt= |
| | File:2024-09-03 07 00 12-Google Maps.png|alt= |
| | File:Thumbnail sm MfPou8NzLmWlkOg.webp|alt= |
| | </gallery> |
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| Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1409 AH.
| | ==Notes== |
| | {{Notes}} |
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| Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. al-ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr''.Qom: Daftar-i Tablīghāt, 1413 AH.
| | ==References== |
| | | {{References}} |
| Thaʿlabī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Kashf wa l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1422 AH.
| | *Ibn al-Barraj, Al-Qāḍī.** *Al-Muhadhdhab*. Qom: Muʾassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1406 AH. |
| | | *Ibn Ṭāwūs, Sayyid.** *Miṣbāḥ al-Zāʾir*. Qom: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt, 1417 AH. |
| Qurṭubī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qurtubī(Al-Jamiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān)''. Fifth edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1405 AH.
| | *Khwārizmī, Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq.** *Ithārat al-Targhīb wa al-Tashwīq (with Ziyārat Bayt al-Maqdis by Ibn Taymiyya)*. Mecca: Maktabat Nizār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1418 AH. |
| | | *Mashhadī, Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar.** *Al-Mazār*. Qom: Nashr al-Qayyūm, 1419 AH. |
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| Jazāʾirī, Niʿmat Allāh b. Abd Allāh al-. ''Al-Nūr al-mubīn fī qiṣaṣ al-anbīyāʾ wa l-mursalīn''. Qom: Sharīf al-Raḍī, [n.d]
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| Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1375 Sh.
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| Ibn Athīr al-Jazarī, ʿAlī b. Abī l-Karam. ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh''. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1385 AH-1965.
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| Qummi Mashhadi, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad Riḍa. ''Tafsīr kanz al-daqāʾiq wa bahr al-gharāʾib''. Tehran: Wizārat-i Farhang wa Irshād-i Islāmī, 1411AH.
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| Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukarram. ''Lisān al-ʿArab''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1414 AH. | |
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| Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1415 AH.
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| Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī. ''Muʿjam al-buldān''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1995.
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| Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn al-. ''Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1393 AH.
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| Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa''. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt, 1412 AH.
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| Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qummī''. Edited by Mūsawī Jazāʾirī. Third edition. Qom: Dār al-Kitab, 1404 AH.
| | {{end}} |
| Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qummī''. Qom: Dār al-Kitāb, 1404 AH.
| | {{Places in Medina}} |
| Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qummī''. Qom: Dār al-Kitāb, 1367 Sh.
| | [[Category:Mosques in Medina]] |
| Qummī, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-. ''Jāmiʿ al-khilāf wa l-wifāq''. Qom: Zamīnah Sāzān-i Ẓuhūr, 1379 Sh.
| | [[Category:Completed articles]] |
| Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qummī''. Edited by Ṭayyib Mūsawī Jazāʾrī. Qom: Dār al-Kitāb, 1404 AH.
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