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Abraham (peace be upon him)
{{Building
Abraham (peace be upon him) is considered a leader among the followers of monotheistic religions, the forerunner of monotheists, and the father of monotheistic nations. In Islamic literature and the Quran, Abraham is recognized as the builder or rebuilder of the Kaaba. The Quran and Islamic narrations mention his migration to Mecca, the construction of the Kaaba with the assistance of Ishmael (peace be upon him), and Abraham's performance of the pilgrimage.
| title = Salman al-Farsi Mosque
Abraham (peace be upon him) among nations and peoples.
| image =سلمان.jpg
| image size =
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| place = [[Saudi Arabia]] * [[Medina]] * Near the [[Fath Mosque]] and at the edge of Mount Sela' 
| usage = Mosque
| religious affiliation = Islam
| beliefs =
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| pilgrims =
| visitors =
| time of construction = 1st century AH
| founder =
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| reconstructions =
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| missing parts =
| historical features = The place where the Prophet(s) prayed
| trustee =
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| status = Existing
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| affiliated entity =
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| imam of prayer =
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| latitude =  24.477443
| longitude = 39.595562
| map description =
}} 
'''Salman al-Farsi Mosque''' is one of the historical mosques in Medina, located south of the [[Fath Mosque (Medina)|Fath Mosque]] and northwest of [[Mount Sela']]. The Prophet (PBUH) prayed at this site during the [[Battle of the Trench]]. The mosque is named after [[Salman al-Farsi]], one of the companions of [[Prophet Muhammad(s)], who suggested digging the trench to defend against the Quraysh army. The mosque features a courtyard and a rectangular prayer hall.


The word "Abraham" is of Babylonian origin, and according to some linguists, it is composed of "Ab" meaning father and "raham" meaning merciful.(1)( Jawharī, Abū Naṣr Ismāʿīl b. Ḥammād al-. Al-Ṣiḥāḥ fī al-lugha.vol5.p1871,,, Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukarram. ''Lisān al-ʿArab''..vol12.p48,,, Abū Ḥayyān Andulusī, Muḥammad b. Yusuf. ''Al-Baḥr al-muḥīṭ fī al-tafsīr'.vol1.p542)
==Name and Location== 
His two covenants and the Quran consider him a model of submission to God and the possessor of the highest moral virtues.(2)(***,,, Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Qiṣaṣ al-anbīyāʾ''.p110)
Salman al-Farsi Mosque is located south of the [[Fath Mosque]] and northwest of the slopes of [[Mount Sela']].<ref name=":0">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Masajid_al-Athariya.pdf&page=143 Masājid al-Athariya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 143.]</ref> It is said that the mosque was named after [[Salman al-Farsi]], a companion of the Prophet (PBUH), who played a key role in the [[Battle of the Trench]] by proposing the idea of digging the trench.<ref name=":0" /> 
The Quran describes him as a patient and compassionate man who seeks forgiveness for himself and others.(3)(***) And he was always obedient to God's command and also advised his children to submit to the decree and will of the Lord.(4)*** God describes him as "Hanif," meaning inclined towards turning away from falsehood towards truth.(5)*** And He considers him the first Muslim.(6)***
The Arabs' recognition of Abraham
Even before Islam, the Arabs had a complete awareness of Abraham. They had placed his image or statue along with Ishmael (peace be upon him) inside the Kaaba. According to a narration, when the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) conquered Mecca, he pulled out and broke these two statues from inside the Kaaba.(7)( Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-. ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī.vol5.p93,,, Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. ''Fatḥ al-bārī bi sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhār.vol8.p14)
In addition to this, numerous traces of Abraham, including sites, shrines, beliefs, and monotheistic practices attributed to him, are found throughout the Semitic region from Mesopotamia to the Sinai Peninsula. These serve as evidence of his extensive and profound influence among the nations, communities, and peoples of this region.(8)( Sūsa, Aḥmad. Al-ʿarab wa al-yahūd fī al-tārīkh.p251/256)


Birth and migration from Babylon
==The Prophet's Prayer== 
Salman al-Farsi Mosque is one of the [[Fath Mosques]]. According to narrations, the Prophet (PBUH) prayed at the Fath Mosque and its surrounding mosques.<ref name=":4">Al-Durra al-Thamina fi Tarikh al-Madina, Ibn Najjar, p. 189.</ref> Ibn Shabba reports that during the [[Battle of the Trench]], the Prophet prayed at the base of Mount Sela' and then ascended the mountain to supplicate.<ref name=":2">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Tarikh_al-Madina_al-Munawwara_Ibn_Shabba.pdf&page=59 Tarikh al-Madina al-Munawwara, Ibn Shabba, pp. 58–59.]</ref> Researchers believe this site to be the same as Salman al-Farsi Mosque.<ref name=":1">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Masajid_al-Athariya.pdf&page=144 Masājid al-Athariya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 144.]</ref> 


In Islamic narrations, we come across extensive information about the personal life of Abraham. All narrations agree that Abraham was born in the land of Babylon, in present-day southern Iraq.(9)( Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī. ''Muʿjam al-buldān.vol1.p383)
==History== 
The subject of Abraham's migration (peace be upon him) from his original land is reported several times in the Quran.(10)***
Salman al-Farsi Mosque is one of the oldest mosques in [[Medina]]. Some scholars suggest that it was likely built during the governorship of [[Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz]] over Medina (87–101 AH).<ref name=":6">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Al-Madina_al-Munawwara_Tatawwuruhā_al-ʿUmrānī.pdf&page=188 Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Tatawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī, p. 188.]</ref> The mention of the mosque in the works of Ibn Shabba<ref name=":2" /> (who lived between 173–262 AH) indicates that the mosque existed in the 2nd century AH.
According to interpretative narratives, the destination of this migration was the sacred land(11)( Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol20.p174,,, Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''.vol8.p371,,, Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār.vol12.p45)
In a less known narrative, it is reported to be Egypt(12)( Ibn Athīr al-Jazarī, ʿAlī b. Abī l-Karam. ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh.vol1.p100) In a narration by Ibn Abbas, the destination of Abraham's migration is understood to be Mecca.(13) Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol17.p62,,, Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol7.p100) This migration occurred after Abraham's deliverance from the fire.(14)( Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol17.p60,,, Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī.vol8.p370-371)
According to several narratives, this migration followed Abraham's exile at the hands of Nimrod(15)( Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī.vol8.p371,,, Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār.vol12.p39-154)
The Torah's narrative
According to the Torah's account, Abraham, along with his father Terah, his wife Sarah, and his nephew Lot, left Ur of the Chaldeans and migrated to Haran.(16)*** Then, by God's command, he left Haran towards the land of Canaan.(17)*** The holy land is mentioned as his ultimate destination for migration.(18)***
Some Islamic narratives confirm the accounts of the Torah, according to which Abraham initially went to Haran, resided there for a while, and then departed from Haran to journey towards Palestine.(19)( Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān'.vol17.p61,,, Qurṭubī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qurtubī(Al-Jamiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān.vol15.p98 ; vol23.p755,,, Shabistarī, ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn. ''Aʿlām al-Qurʾān.p23)
The journey to Mecca
In the Quran, unlike the Torah, Abraham's journey to Mecca is mentioned, which likely occurred at least twice. During the first journey, Hagar and Ishmael were also with him, and he settled them in Mecca. At that time, Mecca was a barren land devoid of water and vegetation.(20)( ) Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol1.p755,,, Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol6.p84)
﴿رَبَّنا إِنِّی أَسکنتُ مِن ذُرِّیتِی بِواد غَیرِ ذِی زَرع عِندَ بَیتِک المُحَرَّم"Our Lord, indeed I have settled some of my descendants in an uncultivated valley near Your sacred House(21)***
Based on numerous narrations, Ishmael was an infant during this journey, and at the command of God and with the assistance of Gabriel, Abraham placed Ishmael in the current location of the Hijr Isma'il.(22)( Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-. ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī''.vol4.p116,,, Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī.vol4.p201)
According to another narration, after arriving in Mecca and Abraham's departure, Ishmael fell into a state of near-death due to extreme thirst. Then, by the grace of God, water was found in that land, and it became the destination for caravans from Yemen.(23)( Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī.vol4.p20) According to the narrations of interpreters, the settlement of Ishmael and Hagar in this location, along with Abraham's supplication for the prosperity of this city, laid the foundation for the establishment or flourishing of the city of Mecca.(24)( Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn al-. ''Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol12.p68)(25)( Al-shirwanī wa Al-ʿIbādī. Ḥawāshī al-shirwanī wa al-ʿIbād.vol4.p66)
Abraham's second journey to Mecca
According to the verses of the Quran, Abraham traveled to Mecca more than once. During his first journey, he settled his infant son Ishmael and Hagar there.(26)***
And during his second journey, he, with the help of his son Ishmael, built the Kaaba and established the rituals of Hajj.(27)***
The construction of the Kaaba
From the apparent meaning of some verses, such as "Indeed, the first House [of worship] established for mankind..."(28)*** And explicit narratives indicate that the Kaaba existed before Abraham and was built by Prophet Adam.(29)( Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''.vol1.p386,,, Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. ''Fatḥ al-bārī bi sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'.vol6.p290-291,,, Qummi Mashhadi, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad Riḍa. ''Tafsīr kanz al-daqāʾiq wa bahr al-gharāʾib.vol1.p338-339)
On the other hand, some scholars consider Abraham as the founder of the Kaaba and regard the accounts of Adam building the Kaaba as weak. [Reference: Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Vol. 1, p. 391]
Numerous narrations suggest that initially, the location of the Kaaba was not known to Abraham, and it was Gabriel who taught him the place to build it.(30) Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qummī.vol1.p62,,, Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol1.p389,,,, Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār.vol96.p38)
In the Quranic verses, there is no explicit mention of God commanding Abraham to build the Kaaba. However, some narrations, which commentators have adhered to, state that God instructed him to build the Kaaba.(31)( Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qummī''.vol1.p61,,, Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, Mullā Muḥsin. ''Tafsīr al-Ṣāfī'.vol1.p189,,, Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār.vol12.p99)
Abraham was not alone in building the Kaaba; Ishmael assisted him by fetching bricks or stones, and Abraham constructed it.(32)( Thaʿlabī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Kashf wa l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol1.p274,,, Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn al-. ''Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol1.p292,,, Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol1p389)


In some narratives, assistance from angels to them is also mentioned. (33)( ʿAynī, Maḥmūd b. Aḥmad. ''ʿUmdat al-qarī; Sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī''.vol9.p213) The building materials were a type of red brick or stone brought from five different mountains surrounding the Kaaba, and according to one narrative, they were brought from the Mount Tuwa. (34) Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qummī''.vol1.p62,,, ʿAynī, Maḥmūd b. Aḥmad. ''ʿUmdat al-qarī; Sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī.vol9.p213,,, Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, Mullā Muḥsin. ''Tafsīr al-Ṣāfī.vol1.p189)
Ibn al-Barraj (d. 481 AH) also mentioned this mosque.<ref>Al-Muhadhdhab, Ibn al-Barraj, vol. 1, p. 283.</ref> The mosque was reconstructed in 577 AH.<ref name=":5">Bahjat al-Nufus wa al-Asrar fi Tarikh Dar Hijrat al-Nabi al-Mukhtar, Marjani, vol. 1, p. 570.</ref><ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Al-Madina_al-Munawwara_Tatawwuruhā_al-ʿUmrānī.pdf&page=189 Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Tatawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī, p. 189.]</ref> After this reconstruction, [[Ibn Najjar]] described the mosque as being surrounded by numerous palm trees and constructed with stone and plaster.<ref name=":4" /> Some Shia sources from the 7th century AH mention prayers and visits to this mosque.<ref>Al-Mazar, Muhammad ibn Jaʿfar al-Mashhadi, p. 102.</ref><ref>Misbah al-Zaʾir, Sayyid Ibn Tawus, p. 64.</ref> 
The Station of Abraham
The Station of Abraham next to the Kaaba is another trace of Abraham (peace be upon him): "And [mention] when We made the House a place of return for the people and [a place of] security. And take, [O believers], from the standing place of Abraham a place of prayer(35)***
It is said that this is the same stone that he placed under his feet when building the Kaaba. Some have also considered the Kaaba itself as the Station of Abraham. (36)( Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol1.p746-747,,, Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. al-ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr.vol4.p54)
According to narratives, after the construction of the Kaaba, Ibrahim was commanded by God to call upon the people for Hajj: "And proclaim to the people the Hajj [pilgrimage]..."(37)***
He stood on Mount Abu Qubais, placing his hand on his ear and cried out: "O people! Answer the call of your Lord." The tribe of Jurhum, a Yemeni tribe, were the first to respond to his call.(38)( Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī'.vol4.p205,,, ʿAynī, Maḥmūd b. Aḥmad. ''ʿUmdat al-qarī.vol9.p128,,, Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa''.vol11.p15)


The pilgrimage of Ibrahim (peace be upon him)
[[Ibn Jubayr]] (d. 614 AH) described the mosque in his travelogue as being on the way to [[Mount Uhud]].<ref>Rihlat Ibn Jubayr, p. 156.</ref> The mosque is also mentioned in works from the 8th century,<ref>Rihlat Ibn Battuta, vol. 1, p. 363 / Bahjat al-Nufus wa al-Asrar fi Tarikh Dar Hijrat al-Nabi al-Mukhtar, Marjani, vol. 1, p. 570.</ref> 9th century,<ref>Al-Tuhfa al-Latifa fi Tarikh al-Madina al-Sharifa, Sakhavi, vol. 1, p. 40. / Itharat al-Targhib wa al-Tashwiq (with Ziyarat Bayt al-Maqdis by Ibn Taymiyya), Khwarizmi, vol. 2, p. 74.</ref> 10th century,<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Wafa_al-Wafa_Samhudi_Vol3.pdf&page=189 Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ, Samhudi, vol. 3, p. 189.]</ref> and 11th century.<ref>Al-Jawahir al-Thamina fi Mahasin al-Madina, p. 135 / Al-Rihla al-ʿAyyashiyya, vol. 1, p. 392.</ref> 
From the apparent meaning of the Quranic verses, it is understood that Ibrahim was not familiar with the rituals of Hajj. Therefore, he asked God to teach him: "...and show us our rites [of worship]..."(39)***
Scholars of narrations have mentioned that Gabriel taught the rituals of Hajj to Ibrahim.(40)( Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Qiṣaṣ al-anbīyā.vol1.p189,,, Suyūṭī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Bakr al-. ''Al-Durr al-manthūr fī tafsīr al-maʾthūr.vol1.p137)(41)( Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār.vol12.p100)
There is no specific report regarding the number of pilgrimages performed by Ibrahim; it is said that Ibrahim's first pilgrimage was after the construction of the House of God.(42)( Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Qiṣaṣ al-anbīyā..vol1.p189,,, Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār.vol12.p100)
This view is also supported by those who consider him as the founder of the Kaaba.(43)( Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol1.p462)
However, there are narrations indicating that Ibrahim's first pilgrimage was before the construction of the Kaaba.(44)( Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī'.vol4.p202-203)


References
==Current Status== 
Today, Salman al-Farsi Mosque remains a site of visitation and prayer for pilgrims.<ref name=":3">Athar Islami Makka wa Madina, Jaʿfariyan, p. 300.</ref> The mosque features a covered prayer hall in the southern part (qibla side) and a courtyard in the northern section. The prayer hall is rectangular with an arched roof.<ref name=":1" /> The mosque is 8.5 meters long and 7 meters wide.<ref name=":6" /> 


Shabistarī, ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn. ''Aʿlām al-Qurʾān''. 1st edition. Qom: Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī-yi Ḥawza-yi Ilmīya-yi Qom, 1379 Sh.
==Historical Images== 
<gallery> 
File:غغب.jpg|alt= 
File:1776097.jpg|alt= 
File:سلمان2.jpg|alt= 
File:Cdn4.premiumread.jpg|alt= 
File:2024-09-03 06 39 50-الفتح، 7149 - حي - 3378، المدينة المنورة 42312، عربستان سعودی - Google Maps.png|alt=|According to the image, the mosque's entrance was blocked for some time.
</gallery>


Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
==Recent Images==
<gallery> 
File:2024-09-03 07 11 04-Google Maps.png|alt= 
File:2024-09-03 07 06 12-Google Maps.png|Mihrab 
File:2024-09-03 06 59 44-Google Maps.png|alt=|Southern side of the mosque from the outside, showing the mihrab. 
File:2024-09-03 07 04 33-Google Maps.png|alt=|Images of the mosque before the installation of glass doors. 
File:2024-09-03 07 05 48-Google Maps.png|alt= 
File:2024-09-03 07 00 12-Google Maps.png|alt= 
File:Thumbnail sm MfPou8NzLmWlkOg.webp|alt= 
</gallery> 


Abū Ḥayyān Andulusī, Muḥammad b. Yusuf. ''Al-Baḥr al-muḥīṭ fī al-tafsīr''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1422 AH
==Notes== 
{{Notes}} 


Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Edited by Aḥmad Qaṣīr al-ʿĀmilī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, [n.d].
==References==
{{References}} 
*Ibn al-Barraj, Al-Qāḍī.** *Al-Muhadhdhab*. Qom: Muʾassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1406 AH. 
*Ibn Ṭāwūs, Sayyid.** *Miṣbāḥ al-Zāʾir*. Qom: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt, 1417 AH. 
*Khwārizmī, Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq.** *Ithārat al-Targhīb wa al-Tashwīq (with Ziyārat Bayt al-Maqdis by Ibn Taymiyya)*. Mecca: Maktabat Nizār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1418 AH. 
*Mashhadī, Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar.** *Al-Mazār*. Qom: Nashr al-Qayyūm, 1419 AH. 
*Ibn Jubayr.** *Riḥlat Ibn Jubayr (Tadhkira bi al-Akhbār ʿan Ittifāqāt al-Asfār)*. Beirut: Al-Muʾassasa al-ʿArabiyya li al-Dirāsāt wa al-Nashr, 2008 CE. 
*Ibn Baṭṭūṭa.** *Riḥlat Ibn Baṭṭūṭa (Tuḥfat al-Nuẓẓār fī Gharāʾib al-Amṣār wa ʿAjāʾib al-Asfār)*. Rabat: Akādīmiyyat al-Mamlaka al-Maghribiyya, 1417 AH. 
*Sakhāwī, Shams al-Dīn.** *Al-Tuḥfa al-Laṭīfa fī Tārīkh al-Madīna al-Sharīfa*. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1414 AH/1993 CE. 
*Ḥusaynī, Muḥammad Kabrīt al-Madanī.** *Al-Jawāhir al-Thamīna fī Maḥāsin al-Madīna*. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1417 AH.
*ʿAyyāshī, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad.** *Al-Riḥla al-ʿAyyāshiyya (1661–1663 CE)*. Abu Dhabi: Dār al-Suwaydī, 2006 CE. 
*ʿAbd al-Ghanī, Muḥammad Ilyās.** *Masājid al-Āthārīya fī al-Madīna al-Munawwara*. Medina: Maṭābiʿ al-Rashīd, 1419 AH. 
*Samhūdī, ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh.** *Wafāʾ al-Wafā bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā*. Edited by Qāsim al-Sāmarrāʾī. London: Muʾassasat al-Furqān, 2001 CE. 
*Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl.** *Āthār Islāmī Makka wa Madīna*. Tehran: Nashr Mashʿar, 1390 SH. 
*Ibn Najjār, Muḥammad ibn Maḥmūd.** *Al-Durra al-Thamīna fī Tārīkh al-Madīna*. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīniyya, n.d.
*Muṣṭafā, Ṣāliḥ Lamʿī.** *Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Taṭawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī*. Beirut: Dār al-Nahḍa al-ʿArabiyya, 1981 CE. 


Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1409 AH.
{{end}}
 
{{Places in Medina}} 
Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. al-ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr''.Qom: Daftar-i Tablīghāt, 1413 AH.
[[Category:Mosques in Medina]]   
 
[[Category:Completed articles]]
Thaʿlabī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Kashf wa l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1422 AH.
 
Qurṭubī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qurtubī(Al-Jamiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān)''. Fifth edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1405 AH.
 
Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Edited by Ṣidqī Jamīl and ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd Hindāwī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH
 
Al-shirwanī wa Al-ʿIbādī. Ḥawāshī al-shirwanī wa al-ʿIbādī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, [n.d]
 
Suyūṭī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Bakr al-. ''Al-Durr al-manthūr fī tafsīr al-maʾthūr''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1365 AH.
 
Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, Mullā Muḥsin. ''Tafsīr al-Ṣāfī''. Beirut: al-Aʿlamī inistitute, 1302 AH.
 
Jawharī, Abū Naṣr Ismāʿīl b. Ḥammād al-. Al-Ṣiḥāḥ fī al-lugha. Edited by Aḥmad ʿAbd al-ʿAṭṭār. Beirut: Dār al-ʾIlm li-l-Malāyīn, 1407 AH.
 
Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-. ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1401 AH.
 
Sūsa, Aḥmad. Al-ʿarab wa al-yahūd fī al-tārīkh. Damascus: [n.p], 1972
 
ʿAynī, Maḥmūd b. Aḥmad. ''ʿUmdat al-qarī; Sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī''. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, [n.d]
 
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. ''Fatḥ al-bārī bi sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d].
 
Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Qiṣaṣ al-anbīyāʾ''. Edited by Muṣtafā ʿAbd al-Waḥidī. Beirut:Dār al-Kutub al-Ḥadītha, 1388 AH
 
Jazāʾirī, Niʿmat Allāh b. Abd Allāh al-. ''Al-Nūr al-mubīn fī qiṣaṣ al-anbīyāʾ wa l-mursalīn''. Qom: Sharīf al-Raḍī, [n.d]
 
Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1375 Sh.
 
Ibn Athīr al-Jazarī, ʿAlī b. Abī l-Karam. ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh''. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1385 AH-1965.
 
Qummi Mashhadi, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad Riḍa. ''Tafsīr kanz al-daqāʾiq wa bahr al-gharāʾib''. Tehran: Wizārat-i Farhang wa Irshād-i Islāmī, 1411AH.
 
Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukarram. ''Lisān al-ʿArab''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1414 AH.
Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1415 AH.
 
Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī. ''Muʿjam al-buldān''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1995.
 
Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn al-. ''Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1393 AH.
 
Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa''. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt, 1412 AH.
 
Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qummī''. Edited by Mūsawī Jazāʾirī. Third edition. Qom: Dār al-Kitab, 1404 AH. 
Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qummī''. Qom: Dār al-Kitāb, 1404 AH. 
Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qummī''. Qom: Dār al-Kitāb, 1367 Sh. 
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Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qummī''. Edited by Ṭayyib Mūsawī Jazāʾrī. Qom: Dār al-Kitāb, 1404 AH.

Latest revision as of 15:09, 18 March 2025

Salman al-Farsi Mosque
Template:Px
General Information
PlaceSaudi Arabia * Medina * Near the Fath Mosque and at the edge of Mount Sela'
UsageMosque
Religious Aspect
Religious AffiliationIslam
History
Time of Construction1st century AH
Historical FeaturesThe place where the Prophet(s) prayed
Current State
StatusExisting

Directions

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Salman al-Farsi Mosque is one of the historical mosques in Medina, located south of the Fath Mosque and northwest of Mount Sela'. The Prophet (PBUH) prayed at this site during the Battle of the Trench. The mosque is named after Salman al-Farsi, one of the companions of [[Prophet Muhammad(s)], who suggested digging the trench to defend against the Quraysh army. The mosque features a courtyard and a rectangular prayer hall.

Name and Location

Salman al-Farsi Mosque is located south of the Fath Mosque and northwest of the slopes of Mount Sela'.[1] It is said that the mosque was named after Salman al-Farsi, a companion of the Prophet (PBUH), who played a key role in the Battle of the Trench by proposing the idea of digging the trench.[1]

The Prophet's Prayer

Salman al-Farsi Mosque is one of the Fath Mosques. According to narrations, the Prophet (PBUH) prayed at the Fath Mosque and its surrounding mosques.[2] Ibn Shabba reports that during the Battle of the Trench, the Prophet prayed at the base of Mount Sela' and then ascended the mountain to supplicate.[3] Researchers believe this site to be the same as Salman al-Farsi Mosque.[4]

History

Salman al-Farsi Mosque is one of the oldest mosques in Medina. Some scholars suggest that it was likely built during the governorship of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz over Medina (87–101 AH).[5] The mention of the mosque in the works of Ibn Shabba[3] (who lived between 173–262 AH) indicates that the mosque existed in the 2nd century AH.

Ibn al-Barraj (d. 481 AH) also mentioned this mosque.[6] The mosque was reconstructed in 577 AH.[7][8] After this reconstruction, Ibn Najjar described the mosque as being surrounded by numerous palm trees and constructed with stone and plaster.[2] Some Shia sources from the 7th century AH mention prayers and visits to this mosque.[9][10]

Ibn Jubayr (d. 614 AH) described the mosque in his travelogue as being on the way to Mount Uhud.[11] The mosque is also mentioned in works from the 8th century,[12] 9th century,[13] 10th century,[14] and 11th century.[15]

Current Status

Today, Salman al-Farsi Mosque remains a site of visitation and prayer for pilgrims.[16] The mosque features a covered prayer hall in the southern part (qibla side) and a courtyard in the northern section. The prayer hall is rectangular with an arched roof.[4] The mosque is 8.5 meters long and 7 meters wide.[5]

Historical Images

  • According to the image, the mosque's entrance was blocked for some time.

Recent Images

  • Mihrab
    Mihrab
  • Southern side of the mosque from the outside, showing the mihrab.
  • Images of the mosque before the installation of glass doors.

Notes

  1. ↑ Jump up to: 1.0 1.1 Masājid al-Athariya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 143.
  2. ↑ Jump up to: 2.0 2.1 Al-Durra al-Thamina fi Tarikh al-Madina, Ibn Najjar, p. 189.
  3. ↑ Jump up to: 3.0 3.1 Tarikh al-Madina al-Munawwara, Ibn Shabba, pp. 58–59.
  4. ↑ Jump up to: 4.0 4.1 Masājid al-Athariya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 144.
  5. ↑ Jump up to: 5.0 5.1 Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Tatawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī, p. 188.
  6. ↑ Al-Muhadhdhab, Ibn al-Barraj, vol. 1, p. 283.
  7. ↑ Bahjat al-Nufus wa al-Asrar fi Tarikh Dar Hijrat al-Nabi al-Mukhtar, Marjani, vol. 1, p. 570.
  8. ↑ Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Tatawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī, p. 189.
  9. ↑ Al-Mazar, Muhammad ibn Jaʿfar al-Mashhadi, p. 102.
  10. ↑ Misbah al-Zaʾir, Sayyid Ibn Tawus, p. 64.
  11. ↑ Rihlat Ibn Jubayr, p. 156.
  12. ↑ Rihlat Ibn Battuta, vol. 1, p. 363 / Bahjat al-Nufus wa al-Asrar fi Tarikh Dar Hijrat al-Nabi al-Mukhtar, Marjani, vol. 1, p. 570.
  13. ↑ Al-Tuhfa al-Latifa fi Tarikh al-Madina al-Sharifa, Sakhavi, vol. 1, p. 40. / Itharat al-Targhib wa al-Tashwiq (with Ziyarat Bayt al-Maqdis by Ibn Taymiyya), Khwarizmi, vol. 2, p. 74.
  14. ↑ Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ, Samhudi, vol. 3, p. 189.
  15. ↑ Al-Jawahir al-Thamina fi Mahasin al-Madina, p. 135 / Al-Rihla al-ʿAyyashiyya, vol. 1, p. 392.
  16. ↑ Athar Islami Makka wa Madina, Jaʿfariyan, p. 300.

References

  • Ibn al-Barraj, Al-Qāḍī.** *Al-Muhadhdhab*. Qom: Muʾassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1406 AH.
  • Ibn Ṭāwūs, Sayyid.** *Miṣbāḥ al-Zāʾir*. Qom: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt, 1417 AH.
  • Khwārizmī, Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq.** *Ithārat al-Targhīb wa al-Tashwīq (with Ziyārat Bayt al-Maqdis by Ibn Taymiyya)*. Mecca: Maktabat Nizār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1418 AH.
  • Mashhadī, Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar.** *Al-Mazār*. Qom: Nashr al-Qayyūm, 1419 AH.
  • Ibn Jubayr.** *Riḥlat Ibn Jubayr (Tadhkira bi al-Akhbār ʿan Ittifāqāt al-Asfār)*. Beirut: Al-Muʾassasa al-ʿArabiyya li al-Dirāsāt wa al-Nashr, 2008 CE.
  • Ibn Baṭṭūṭa.** *Riḥlat Ibn Baṭṭūṭa (Tuḥfat al-Nuẓẓār fī Gharāʾib al-Amṣār wa ʿAjāʾib al-Asfār)*. Rabat: Akādīmiyyat al-Mamlaka al-Maghribiyya, 1417 AH.
  • Sakhāwī, Shams al-Dīn.** *Al-Tuḥfa al-Laṭīfa fī Tārīkh al-Madīna al-Sharīfa*. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1414 AH/1993 CE.
  • Ḥusaynī, Muḥammad Kabrīt al-Madanī.** *Al-Jawāhir al-Thamīna fī Maḥāsin al-Madīna*. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1417 AH.
  • ʿAyyāshī, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad.** *Al-Riḥla al-ʿAyyāshiyya (1661–1663 CE)*. Abu Dhabi: Dār al-Suwaydī, 2006 CE.
  • ʿAbd al-Ghanī, Muḥammad Ilyās.** *Masājid al-Āthārīya fī al-Madīna al-Munawwara*. Medina: Maṭābiʿ al-Rashīd, 1419 AH.
  • Samhūdī, ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh.** *Wafāʾ al-Wafā bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā*. Edited by Qāsim al-Sāmarrāʾī. London: Muʾassasat al-Furqān, 2001 CE.
  • Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl.** *Āthār Islāmī Makka wa Madīna*. Tehran: Nashr Mashʿar, 1390 SH.
  • Ibn Najjār, Muḥammad ibn Maḥmūd.** *Al-Durra al-Thamīna fī Tārīkh al-Madīna*. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīniyya, n.d.
  • Muṣṭafā, Ṣāliḥ Lamʿī.** *Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Taṭawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī*. Beirut: Dār al-Nahḍa al-ʿArabiyya, 1981 CE.

Template:Places in Medina

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