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The tomb of Khadija <small>(S)</small>, the resting place of Khadija, the daughter of Khuwaylid and the wife of Prophet Muhammad <small>(PBUH)</small>, is located in the [[cemetery of Abu Talib]] ([[Jannat al-Mu'lla]] or Hajun) in [[Mecca]].


Historical sources mention the burial of Khadija <small>(A.S)</small> in Hajun, but the exact location of her grave was not known until the first half of the eighth century of Hijra/629. From the mid-8th century of Hijra, a location in the Mu'lla cemetery in Mecca was identified as the burial place of Hazrat Khadijah, and a tombstone was erected for her. Later, a tall dome was constructed over the shrine in the later centuries. The shrine was demolished in 1218/1803-4 by the Wahhabis but was later reconstructed. However, it was demolished again in 1343/1924-5 with the establishment of the Saudi government.
'''Al_Mustajār''' (Arabic: المستجار) is a part of the western wall of the Ka'ba, approximately 2 meters in length, located between [[the Rukn al-Yamani]] and the second door of the [[Ka'ba]], which was sealed during the time of [[Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi]]. This section is at the back of the Ka'ba, directly opposite the current door of the Ka'ba.
==Lady Khadija <small>(S)</small>==
Lady Khadija <small>(S)</small>, the daughter of Khuwaylid ibn Asad, was the first wife of the Prophet Muhammad <small>(PBUH)</small>.<ref>Ibn Isḥāq, ''Sīra Ibn Isḥāq: al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya li Ibn Isḥāq'',  p. 245; Ibn Maghāzīlī, ''Manāqib ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib'', vol 1, p. 149; Shahīdī, ''Tārīkh-i taḥlīlī-yi Islām'', p. 39-40.</ref> )
Prophet married Khadija at the age of 25.<ref>Shahīdī, ''Tārīkh-i taḥlīlī-yi Islām'', p. 39-40.</ref>
From this marriage, six children were born: two sons named Qasim and Abdullah, and four daughters named Zainab, Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthum, and [[Fatima]] <small>(S)</small>.<ref>Ziriklī, ''Al-Aʿlām'', vol. 2, p. 302.</ref>
In a narration, Prophet Muhammad <small>(PBUH)</small> identifies Khadija <small>(S)</small>, Fatimah <small>(S)</small>, Maryam (Mary), and Asiya as the leaders of the women of the world.<ref>Ibn Kathīr,  ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 2, p. 129.</ref>
Khadija lived for approximately 25 years with Prophet Muhammad. She passed away on the 10th of Ramadan in the year 10 of [[Bi'tha]]/, in [[Medina]].<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 14; Ibn Hishām, ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 416.</ref>
==Location==
Sources have reported the burial of Khadija in the cemetery of Hajun. This is the same cemetery that was situated in Bab al-Mu'alla and is also known as the [[Bab al-Mu'alla Cemetery]].<ref>Maqrizī, ''Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ'', vol. 6, p. 30.</ref>
However, the earliest reports about the exact location of her grave date back to the eighth century and have been recorded in historical sources. The precise location of her grave was unknown before that. Ibn Jubayr (d. 614 AH/1217-8) in the sixth century reported that the graves in the cemetery of Hajun in Bab al-Mu'alla were ruined and forgotten.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr'', p. 78.</ref>
Taqī al-Dīn, who visited [[Mecca]] in the year 696, mentions that the people of Mecca say the grave of Khadija (s) is in Shu'bah, located on the side of Ma'la, but no grave is visible there.<ref>Tajībī, ''Mustafād al-riḥla wa al-ightirāb'', p. 340-341.</ref>
Since the eighth century Hijri, the grave of Khadijah gained prominence in Jannat al-Mu'alla and has been mentioned in various sources. Ibn Battuta, who resided in Mecca in the years 729-730, reported that in the Ma'la cemetery, only a small number of graves, including the grave of Hazrat Khadijah, were recognized.(9)( Ibn Baṭūṭa, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Al-Raḥla Ibn Baṭūṭa,vol 1.p381,,, Shahīd al-Awwal, Muḥammad b. Makkī. Al-Durūs al-sharʿīyya fī fiqh al-imāmiyya.vol 1.p468)
Marjani (770 AH), an eighth-century geographer, reported that the exact location of Hazrat Khadijah's grave in Mecca was unknown. However, it was revealed to one of the righteous individuals in a dream or a state of spiritual unveiling that her grave is next to the grave of Fudayl ibn 'Iyad. In 749 AH, a stone was placed at that location.(10)( Marjānī, ʿAbdullāh al-. Bahjat al-nufūs wa al-asrār .vol2.p1016)
Fasi (d. 832 AH), a renowned Meccan historian, expressed doubt about the accuracy of attributing this grave to Khadijah (PBUH). He argued that in Ma'la, none of the companions of the Prophet (PBUH) were buried.(11)( Fāsī al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām.vol1.p376)
Some contemporary researchers have also expressed doubt about the accuracy of attributing this grave.(12)( • Jāsir, Ḥamad al-. Al-ʿArab al-sunna al- ʿĀshira.vol ¾.p278-279)


Construction of the Dome and Mausoleum
The meaning of the word Mustajār is 'refuge' or 'sanctuary.' This place is known for the acceptance of repentance and is recommended for supplication and prayer.
For the first time in 749 AH, a stone with the inscription "This is the grave of Lady Khadijah" was placed on her grave. The dome of the mausoleum of Hazrat Khadijah (on the right) and her son Qasim (on the left) is shown in the image before its demolition.(13) Ṣabbāgh, Muḥammad. Aḥmad. Taḥṣīl al-marām.vol 2.p646)
==Al- Mustajar and Al-Multazam==
Later, a wooden box was constructed over her grave.(14) (Ṣabbāgh, Muḥammad. Aḥmad. Taḥṣīl al-marām.p647)
Two places on the wall of the Ka'ba are introduced as places for the acceptance of supplications and repentance, and there are narrations about them:Al_Mustajar and [[Al_Multazam]].
In the year 950 AH, Muhammad ibn Sulaiman, an Egyptian official, built a shrine and a stone dome for this mausoleum.(15) (Ṣabbāgh, Muḥammad. Aḥmad. Taḥṣīl al-marām.p647
He also placed a new box on the grave, covered it with exquisite fabric, and appointed a caretaker for the shrine.(16)( Ṣabbāgh, Muḥammad. Aḥmad. Taḥṣīl al-marām.p647 ,,, Gāzī, ʿAbdullāh b. Muḥammad al-. Ifādat al-anām.vol2.p150)
After being demolished by the hands of the Al Saud, the shrine was reconstructed in the year 1242 AH.(17)( Gāzī, ʿAbdullāh b. Muḥammad al-. Ifādat al-anām.vol 2.p151)
And it remained intact until the fourteenth century AH. Reports indicate that fabrics were sent by the Ottoman rulers of Egypt to be used on the shrine's box during this period.(18)( Gāzī, ʿAbdullāh b. Muḥammad al-. Ifādat al-anām.vol 2.p170)
Travel accounts from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries AH have mentioned the mausoleum of Khadijah. For example, Farahani in 1302 AH mentioned the wooden mausoleum.(19)( Farāhānī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. ''Safarnāma-yi Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥusayn Farāhānī.p202)
Rifat Pasha reported in 1318 AH about the tall dome over the grave of Khadijah (PBUH).(20) (Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn ,vol1.p30)
Destruction of the Mausoleum
With the rise of Wahhabism in Mecca and the establishment of the first Saudi state, all structures and domes in Jannat al-Ma'la were demolished on Thursday, 29 Rabi' al-Thani 1218 AH. The graves in this cemetery were leveled with the ground.(21)( • ʿAlī b. Tāj al-ddīn al-sanjārī.Manāʾiḥ al-karam.vol 4.p422,,, Amīn, Sayyid Muḥsin al-. ''Kashf al-irtīyāb'.p27)
After the defeat of this state by Ottoman forces, a dome was once again constructed over the grave and mausoleum of Hazrat Khadijah. However, this structure was also demolished in 1343 AH following the establishment of the third Saudi state.(22)( Gāzī, ʿAbdullāh b. Muḥammad al-. Ifādat al-anām..vol 2.p151)


It is usually said that Mustajār is at the back of the [[Ka'ba]] on the western side, encompassing the distance from the [[the Rukn al-Yamani]] to the sealed door of the Kaaba, and Multazam is on the eastern side, encompassing the distance from [[the Hajar al-Aswad]] to the current door of the Ka'ba.<ref>Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, " Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh", p. 99_101.</ref>
However, the narrations related to Multazam and Mustajar have been mixed together, and sometimes Mustajar and Multazam are considered two names for the same place. It is sometimes said that Shia Muslims consider [[al-Multazam]] and al-Mustajar to be the same, whereas Sunni Muslims consider them to be different, with Multazam being the area between [[the Hajar al-Aswad]] and the door of the Ka'ba.<ref>Qāʾidān, " Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna", p. 71.</ref>
Some Shia scholars, based on the collections of narrations from [[the Ahl al-Bayt]] regarding the acts performed at Multazam and Mustajār, have concluded that these two are names for the same place, which is Mustajār.<ref>majlisī, ''Mirāʾat al-ʿUqūl'', vol. 9, p. 106.</ref>
In Sunni sources, there are also numerous narrations and reports that consider Multazam to be at the back of the Ka'ba (the same place as Mustajar).<ref>Naʿmatī, "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam" p. 84.</ref>
Despite all this, in most geographical sources on Mecca, Multazam and Mustajar are distinguished from each other.<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām'',vol. 1, p. 196; Mālikī, " Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 200_203; Sanjārī, "Manāʾih al-Karam", vol. 1, p. 307; Ibn Zahīra,''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf'', p. 47. </ref>
==Al_Mustajār and the Crack of the Ka'ba==


References
Some consider Al_Mustajār to be the part of the wall of the [[Ka'ba]] that was split open to allow [[Fatimah bint Asad]], the mother of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), to enter the Kaaba for the birth of her son.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, "Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah", p. 178; Jaʿfariyān,''Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 97.</ref>


.Ibn al-Athīr al-Jazarī, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Usd al-ghāba fī maʿrifat al-ṣaḥāba''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1409 AH.
==The Supplication of Mustajār==
.Ibn Baṭūṭa, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Al-Raḥla Ibn Baṭūṭa''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Hādī Tāzī. Rabat: Ākādimīyya al-Mamlikat al-Maghribīyya, 1417 AH.
In the rituals of [[Tawaf]], it is mentioned that: It is recommended for the pilgrim, in the last round of their [[Tawaf]], to place their face and hands on the wall, press their stomach and front against the wall of the [[Ka'ba]], and say:
.Farāhānī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. ''Safarnāma-yi Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥusayn Farāhānī''. Tehran: Firdaws, 1362 Sh.
*أللَّهُمَّ الْبَيْتُ بَيْتُكَ وَالْعَبْدُ عَبْدُكَ وَهذا مَكانُ الْعائِذِ بِكَ مِنَ النَّار. "O Allah, this house is Your house, and this servant is Your servant, and this is the place of one who seeks refuge with You from the Fire."
• ʿAlī b. Tāj al-ddīn al-sanjārī.Manāʾiḥ al-karam. Mecca: umm al-qurā university, 1998.
Then, they should confess their sins and seek forgiveness, and afterwards say:
.Amīn, Sayyid Muḥsin al-. ''Kashf al-irtīyāb''. Edited by Ḥasan al-Amīn. Qom: Maktabat al-Ḥarīs, 1382 AH.
*أللَّهُمَّ مِنْ قِبَلِكَ الرَّوْحُ وَالْفَرَجُ وَالْعافِيَةُ. أللَّهُمَّ إنَّ عَمَلِي ضَعيْفٌ فَضاعِفْهُ لِي وَاغْفِرْ لي مَا اطَّلَعْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنِّي وَخَفِيَ عَلى‏ خَلْقِكَ أسْتَجِيرُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ النَّار."O Allah, from You comes the spirit, relief, and well-being. O Allah, my deeds are weak, so multiply them for me and forgive me for what You have seen of me that is hidden from Your creation. I seek refuge with Allah from the Fire.
.Shahīdī, Sayyid Jaʿfar. ''Tārīkh-i taḥlīlī-yi Islām''. Tehran: Markaz-i Nashr-i Dānishgāhī, 1390 Sh.
• Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr''. Beirut: Dār al-Maktaba al-Hilāl, 1986.
• Maqrizī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. ''Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-Namīsī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1420 AH.
.Ibn Maghāzīlī, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Manāqib ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib''. Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwaʾ, 1424 AH.
.Shahīd al-Awwal, Muḥammad b. Makkī. Al-Durūs al-sharʿīyya fī fiqh al-imāmiyya. Qom: Intishārāt-i Islāmī (Jāmiʿat al-Mudarrisīn,1417 AH.
• Ṣabbāgh, Muḥammad. Aḥmad. Taḥṣīl al-marām. Mecca, Maktabat al-Asadī,  1424 AH.


• Jāsir, Ḥamad al-. Al-ʿArab al-sunna al- ʿĀshira. Riyadh: [[n.p]], [[n.d]].
Then, after that, the person should make any supplications they wish, touch the Yemeni Corner (Rukn Yamani), come to [[the Hajar al-Aswad]], complete their Tawaf, and say:
.Ibn Hishām, ʿAbd al-Malik. ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya''. Edited by Muṣṭafā al-Saqā. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d].
*أللَّهُمَّ قَنِّعْنِي بِما رَزَقْتَني وَبارِكْ لِي فِيما آتَيْتَني‏ "O Allah, make me content with what You have provided me and bless me in what You have granted me.<ref>Khomeinī, "Manāsk Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd", p. 436.</ref>
• Tajībī, Qāsim b. Yūsuf.Mustafād al-riḥla wa al-ightirāb. Edited by ʿAbd al-Ḥafiẓ Mansūr. Tunisia, Dār al- ʿarabīyya li-l kitāb, 1975.
==Notes==
 
{{Notes}}
.Ibn Isḥāq, Muḥammad. ''Sīra Ibn Isḥāq: al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya li Ibn Isḥāq''. Edited by Aḥmad Farīd al-Mazīdī''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1424 AH.
==References==
.Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭā. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya,1410AH-1990.
{{References}}
• Marjānī, ʿAbdullāh al-. Bahjat al-nufūs wa al-asrār. Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 2002.
*Fāsī, Taqī al-Dīn Muḥammad. ''Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi-Aḵbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām''. Edited by a committee of prominent scholars and literati. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, n.d.
.. Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1407 AH.
*Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf''. Edited by ʿAlī ʿUmar. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīnīyya, 1423 AH.
. Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, aw, al-raḥlāt al-ḥijāziyya wa al-ḥaj wa mashāʿirihi al-dīniyya''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d].
*Jafarīān, Rasūl. *Āthār Islāmī Makkah wa Madīnah*. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1389 AH.
. • Gāzī, ʿAbdullāh b. Muḥammad al-. Ifādat al-anām. Mecca: Maktabat al-Asadī, 1430 AH.
*Khomeinī, Rūḥ Allāh. ''Manāsk-i Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1409 AH.
. ( Fāsī al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām.
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Mir'āt al-'uqūl''. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.
Ziriklī, Khayr al-Dīn al-. ''Al-Aʿlām qāmus tarājum li ashhur al-rijāl wa al-nisāʾ min al-ʿarab wa al-mustaʿribīn wa al-mustashriqīn''. Eighth edition. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm li-l-Malāyyīn, 1989.
*Mālikī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām''. Makkah: Maktabat al-Asadī, 1424 AH.
*Naʿmatī, Muḥammad Rezā. "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam". Majallah Mīqāt-i Ḥajj, no. 43, Farvardīn 1382 SH.
*Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''Tārīkh wa Āthār Islāmī Makkah Mukarramah wa Madīnah Munawwarah''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1400 AH.
*Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, Niʿmat Allāh. ''Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh''. Qom: Markaz Jahanī ʿUlūm Islāmī, 1386 AH.
*Sanjārī, ʿAlī b. Tāj al-Dīn. ''Manāʾih al-Karam''. Makkah: Jāmiʿah Umm al-Qurā, 1419 AH.
*Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, Muḥammad Rezā. ''Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah''. Compiled by Rasūl Jafarīān. Qom: Nashr-i Mūrikh, 1386 AH.
{{end}}

Latest revision as of 11:30, 7 August 2024

Al_Mustajār (Arabic: المستجار) is a part of the western wall of the Ka'ba, approximately 2 meters in length, located between the Rukn al-Yamani and the second door of the Ka'ba, which was sealed during the time of Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi. This section is at the back of the Ka'ba, directly opposite the current door of the Ka'ba.

The meaning of the word Mustajār is 'refuge' or 'sanctuary.' This place is known for the acceptance of repentance and is recommended for supplication and prayer.

Al- Mustajar and Al-Multazam

Two places on the wall of the Ka'ba are introduced as places for the acceptance of supplications and repentance, and there are narrations about them:Al_Mustajar and Al_Multazam.

It is usually said that Mustajār is at the back of the Ka'ba on the western side, encompassing the distance from the the Rukn al-Yamani to the sealed door of the Kaaba, and Multazam is on the eastern side, encompassing the distance from the Hajar al-Aswad to the current door of the Ka'ba.[1] However, the narrations related to Multazam and Mustajar have been mixed together, and sometimes Mustajar and Multazam are considered two names for the same place. It is sometimes said that Shia Muslims consider al-Multazam and al-Mustajar to be the same, whereas Sunni Muslims consider them to be different, with Multazam being the area between the Hajar al-Aswad and the door of the Ka'ba.[2] Some Shia scholars, based on the collections of narrations from the Ahl al-Bayt regarding the acts performed at Multazam and Mustajār, have concluded that these two are names for the same place, which is Mustajār.[3] In Sunni sources, there are also numerous narrations and reports that consider Multazam to be at the back of the Ka'ba (the same place as Mustajar).[4] Despite all this, in most geographical sources on Mecca, Multazam and Mustajar are distinguished from each other.[5]

Al_Mustajār and the Crack of the Ka'ba

Some consider Al_Mustajār to be the part of the wall of the Ka'ba that was split open to allow Fatimah bint Asad, the mother of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), to enter the Kaaba for the birth of her son.[6]

The Supplication of Mustajār

In the rituals of Tawaf, it is mentioned that: It is recommended for the pilgrim, in the last round of their Tawaf, to place their face and hands on the wall, press their stomach and front against the wall of the Ka'ba, and say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ الْبَيْتُ بَيْتُكَ وَالْعَبْدُ عَبْدُكَ وَهذا مَكانُ الْعائِذِ بِكَ مِنَ النَّار. "O Allah, this house is Your house, and this servant is Your servant, and this is the place of one who seeks refuge with You from the Fire."

Then, they should confess their sins and seek forgiveness, and afterwards say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ مِنْ قِبَلِكَ الرَّوْحُ وَالْفَرَجُ وَالْعافِيَةُ. أللَّهُمَّ إنَّ عَمَلِي ضَعيْفٌ فَضاعِفْهُ لِي وَاغْفِرْ لي مَا اطَّلَعْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنِّي وَخَفِيَ عَلى‏ خَلْقِكَ أسْتَجِيرُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ النَّار."O Allah, from You comes the spirit, relief, and well-being. O Allah, my deeds are weak, so multiply them for me and forgive me for what You have seen of me that is hidden from Your creation. I seek refuge with Allah from the Fire.

Then, after that, the person should make any supplications they wish, touch the Yemeni Corner (Rukn Yamani), come to the Hajar al-Aswad, complete their Tawaf, and say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ قَنِّعْنِي بِما رَزَقْتَني وَبارِكْ لِي فِيما آتَيْتَني‏ "O Allah, make me content with what You have provided me and bless me in what You have granted me.[7]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, " Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh", p. 99_101.
  2. ↑ Qāʾidān, " Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna", p. 71.
  3. ↑ majlisī, Mirāʾat al-ʿUqūl, vol. 9, p. 106.
  4. ↑ Naʿmatī, "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam" p. 84.
  5. ↑ Fāsī al-Makkī, Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām,vol. 1, p. 196; Mālikī, " Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 200_203; Sanjārī, "Manāʾih al-Karam", vol. 1, p. 307; Ibn Zahīra,Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf, p. 47.
  6. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, "Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah", p. 178; Jaʿfariyān,Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 97.
  7. ↑ Khomeinī, "Manāsk Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd", p. 436.

References

  • Fāsī, Taqī al-Dīn Muḥammad. Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi-Aḵbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām. Edited by a committee of prominent scholars and literati. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, n.d.
  • Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf. Edited by ʿAlī ʿUmar. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīnīyya, 1423 AH.
  • Jafarīān, Rasūl. *Āthār Islāmī Makkah wa Madīnah*. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1389 AH.
  • Khomeinī, Rūḥ Allāh. Manāsk-i Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1409 AH.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Mir'āt al-'uqūl. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.
  • Mālikī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām. Makkah: Maktabat al-Asadī, 1424 AH.
  • Naʿmatī, Muḥammad Rezā. "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam". Majallah Mīqāt-i Ḥajj, no. 43, Farvardīn 1382 SH.
  • Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. Tārīkh wa Āthār Islāmī Makkah Mukarramah wa Madīnah Munawwarah. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1400 AH.
  • Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, Niʿmat Allāh. Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh. Qom: Markaz Jahanī ʿUlūm Islāmī, 1386 AH.
  • Sanjārī, ʿAlī b. Tāj al-Dīn. Manāʾih al-Karam. Makkah: Jāmiʿah Umm al-Qurā, 1419 AH.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, Muḥammad Rezā. Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah. Compiled by Rasūl Jafarīān. Qom: Nashr-i Mūrikh, 1386 AH.
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