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The tomb of Hazrat Khadijah
The Madinan Sanctuary / The Prophet’s Mosque in Medina
The tomb of Hazrat Khadijah (PBUH), the resting place of Khadijah, the daughter of Khuwaylid and the wife of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), is located in the cemetery of Abu Talib (Jannat al-Ma'la or Hajun) in Mecca.
Ḥaram Madanī is an area of the city of Medina in the Hijaz that, in Islam, holds sanctity and has special etiquettes and rulings.
This area extends from the east and west between the eastern lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Sharqiyya) and the western lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Gharbiyya), and from the north and south, from Mount Thawr to Mount ʿAyr.
The Madinan Sanctuary has rulings and etiquettes, such as the recommended act of performing ghusl and purification when entering it, and these are similar to the rulings and etiquettes of the Meccan Sanctuary.
Some have considered the reason for Medina being made a sanctuary to be the granting of protection to Medina and its inhabitants, while others have attributed it to the presence of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
==Boundaries==
The Madinan Sanctuary is an area within Medina in the Hijaz.
This sanctuary lies, from the east and west, between the eastern lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Sharqiyya) and the western lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Gharbiyya).(1) al-Kulaynī ,"al-Kāfī,",vol. 4,p. 564-565. ,,, ibn Ḥanbal ," Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal ",vol. 3,p. 23. ,,, al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. 113.
And according to one narration, it extends from the north and south, from Mount Thawr to Mount ‘Ayr.(2) al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. 115. ,,, al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī ",vol. 8,p. 10.  


Historical sources mention the burial of Khadijah (PBUH) in Hajun, but the exact location of her grave was not known until the first half of the eighth century Hijri. From the mid-8th century Hijri, a location in the Ma'la cemetery in Mecca was identified as the burial place of Hazrat Khadijah, and a tombstone was erected for her. Later, a tall dome was constructed over the shrine in the later centuries. The shrine was demolished in 1218 by the Wahhabis but was later reconstructed. However, it was demolished again in 1343 with the establishment of the Saudi government.
In the narrations, other various expressions have also been mentioned for determining its northern and southern boundaries.(3) al-Kulaynī ,"al-Kāfī,",vol. 4,p. 564. ,,, al-Majlisī ,"Marāʾat al-ʿUqūl fī Sharḥ Akhbār Āl al-Rasūl ", vol. 18, p. 279. ,,, Najafī," Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām " ,vol. 20, p. 75. ,,, ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337.
Lady Khadijah (PBUH).
==Why it became a Haram==
Khadijah (PBUH), the daughter of Khuwaylid ibn Asad, was the first wife of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).(1) Ibn Isḥāq, Muḥammad. ''Sīra Ibn Isḥāq: al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya li Ibn Isḥāq'' .p245,,, Ibn Maghāzīlī, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Manāqib ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib''.vol 1.p149,,, Shahīdī, Sayyid Jaʿfar. ''Tārīkh-i taḥlīlī-yi Islām''.p39-40)
Various reasons have been mentioned for why the city of Medina was made a sanctuary (ḥaram).
The Noble Prophet (PBUH) married Khadijah at the age of 25.(2) Shahīdī, Sayyid Jaʿfar. ''Tārīkh-i taḥlīlī-yi Islām''.p39-40)
Some of them are as follows:
From this marriage, six children were born: two sons named Qasim and Abdullah, and four daughters named Zainab, Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthum, and Fatimah (PBUH).3***
• Providing protection to Medina and its inhabitants;(4) al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. .117-118  ,,, al-Bayhaqī ," al-Sunan al-Kubrā " ,vol. 5, p. 198. ,,, al-Ṭabarānī ,   " al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr " ,vol. 6, p. 92. ,,, ibn Ḥanbal ," Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal ",vol. 4, p. 55-56. ,,, al-Haythamī , “Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid " ,vol. 3, p. 306. ,,, al-Ṭūsī , "Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqnaʿah li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd ",vol. 10, p. 216.
In a narration, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) identifies Lady Khadijah (PBUH), Fatimah (PBUH), Maryam (Mary), and Asiya as the leaders of the women of the world.(4)( Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'.vol2.p129)
• Showing reverence to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him);
Khadijah lived for approximately 25 years with Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). She passed away on the 10th of Ramadan in the year 10 of the Islamic calendar, during the time of the Prophet's mission in Medina.(5)( Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'',vol8,p14,,, Ibn Hishām, ʿAbd al-Malik. ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya''.vol 1.p416)
• The witnessing of divine lights by the Prophet (peace be upon him) within this area;
Location of the Grave
• The descent of the angels who guarded the Prophet (peace be upon him) in this area;
 
• The sanctity of the place where the Prophet (peace be upon him) is buried. [5] al-Samhūdī , "Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā ",vol. 1, p. 117-118.
Sources have reported the burial of Hazrat Khadijah in the cemetery of Hajun. This is the same cemetery that was situated in Bab al-Mu'alla and is also known as the Bab al-Mu'alla Cemetery.(6)( Maqrizī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. ''Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ.vol6.p30)
==Etiquettes and Rules==
However, the earliest reports about the exact location of her grave date back to the eighth century and have been recorded in historical sources. The precise location of her grave was unknown before that. Ibn Jubayr (d. 614 AH) in the sixth century reported that the graves in the cemetery of Hajun in Bab al-Mu'alla were ruined and forgotten.(7)( • Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr''.p78)
Main Article: Etiquettes of the Two Sanctuaries
Taqī al-Dīn, who visited Mecca in the year 696, mentions that the people of Mecca say the grave of Khadijah (PBUH) is in Shu'bah, located on the side of Ma'la, but no grave is visible there.(8)) • Tajībī, Qāsim b. Yūsuf.Mustafād al-riḥla wa al-ightirāb..p340-341)
According to Shia hadith sources, the Medina sanctuary has etiquettes and rulings similar to the Mecca sanctuary; such as the virtue of performing ghusl (ritual purification) and maintaining cleanliness upon entering Medina and when visiting the Prophet’s sanctuary (peace be upon him).
Since the eighth century Hijri, the grave of Hazrat Khadijah gained prominence in Jannat al-Ma'la and has been mentioned in various sources. Ibn Battuta, who resided in Mecca in the years 729-730, reported that in the Ma'la cemetery, only a small number of graves, including the grave of Hazrat Khadijah, were recognized.(9)( Ibn Baṭūṭa, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Al-Raḥla Ibn Baṭūṭa,vol 1.p381,,, Shahīd al-Awwal, Muḥammad b. Makkī. Al-Durūs al-sharʿīyya fī fiqh al-imāmiyya.vol 1.p468)
Some Sunni jurists have also issued rulings recommending ghusl upon entering the Medina sanctuary.(6) al-Ḥaskafī , "al-Durr al-Mukhtār " ,vol. 1, p. 184. ,,, al-Majmūʿ Sharḥ al-Muḥadhdhab ",vol. 8, p. 273. ,,, Fatḥ al-Wahhāb, vol. 1, p. 257.
Marjani (770 AH), an eighth-century geographer, reported that the exact location of Hazrat Khadijah's grave in Mecca was unknown. However, it was revealed to one of the righteous individuals in a dream or a state of spiritual unveiling that her grave is next to the grave of Fudayl ibn 'Iyad. In 749 AH, a stone was placed at that location.(10)( Marjānī, ʿAbdullāh al-. Bahjat al-nufūs wa al-asrār .vol2.p1016)
In Shia narrations, regarding hunting and cutting trees, there are narrations permitting(7) al-Ḥumayrī ," Qurb al-Isnād ", p. 301.
Fasi (d. 832 AH), a renowned Meccan historian, expressed doubt about the accuracy of attributing this grave to Khadijah (PBUH). He argued that in Ma'la, none of the companions of the Prophet (PBUH) were buried.(11)( Fāsī al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām.vol1.p376)
And narrations indicating non-permissibility.(8) ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337.
Some contemporary researchers have also expressed doubt about the accuracy of attributing this grave.(12)( • Jāsir, Ḥamad al-. Al-ʿArab al-sunna al- ʿĀshira.vol ¾.p278-279)
They indicate this. In narrations from the Sunni tradition, cutting the trees of the Haram Madani (the Sanctuary of Medina) has been deemed forbidden.(9) ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337.
 
Related topics
Construction of the Dome and Mausoleum
•The Two Sanctuaries (Haramayn)
For the first time in 749 AH, a stone with the inscription "This is the grave of Lady Khadijah" was placed on her grave. The dome of the mausoleum of Hazrat Khadijah (on the right) and her son Qasim (on the left) is shown in the image before its demolition.(13) Ṣabbāgh, Muḥammad. Aḥmad. Taḥṣīl al-marām.vol 2.p646)
•The Meccan Sanctuary (Haram Makki)
Later, a wooden box was constructed over her grave.(14) (Ṣabbāgh, Muḥammad. Aḥmad. Taḥṣīl al-marām.p647)
==Notes==
In the year 950 AH, Muhammad ibn Sulaiman, an Egyptian official, built a shrine and a stone dome for this mausoleum.(15) (Ṣabbāgh, Muḥammad. Aḥmad. Taḥṣīl al-marām.p647
{{Notes}}
He also placed a new box on the grave, covered it with exquisite fabric, and appointed a caretaker for the shrine.(16)( Ṣabbāgh, Muḥammad. Aḥmad. Taḥṣīl al-marām.p647 ,,, Gāzī, ʿAbdullāh b. Muḥammad al-. Ifādat al-anām.vol2.p150)
==Reference==
After being demolished by the hands of the Al Saud, the shrine was reconstructed in the year 1242 AH.(17)( Gāzī, ʿAbdullāh b. Muḥammad al-. Ifādat al-anām.vol 2.p151)
{{ref}}
And it remained intact until the fourteenth century AH. Reports indicate that fabrics were sent by the Ottoman rulers of Egypt to be used on the shrine's box during this period.(18)( Gāzī, ʿAbdullāh b. Muḥammad al-. Ifādat al-anām.vol 2.p170)
.Qawāʿid wa Khaṣāʾiṣ al-Ḥaramayn al-Makkī wa al-Madanī, ʿAlī Aḥmad Yaḥyā al-Qāʿidī. Beirut: al-Riyān, 1429 AH.
Travel accounts from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries AH have mentioned the mausoleum of Khadijah. For example, Farahani in 1302 AH mentioned the wooden mausoleum.(19)( Farāhānī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. ''Safarnāma-yi Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥusayn Farāhānī.p202)
.Tārīkh Makkah al-Musharrafah, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḍiyāʾ (d. 854 AH), edited by al-ʿAdawī. Makkah: Maktabat al-Tijārīyah Muṣṭafā Aḥmad al-Bāz, 1416 AH.
Rifat Pasha reported in 1318 AH about the tall dome over the grave of Khadijah (PBUH).(20) (Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn ,vol1.p30)
.Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqnaʿah li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan al-Ṭūsī (385–460 AH), edited by Sayyid Ḥasan Mūsawī Khorasān and ʿAlī Ākhundī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah, 1365 SH.
Destruction of the Mausoleum
.Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām, Muḥammad Ḥusayn Najafī (d. 1266 AH). Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.
With the rise of Wahhabism in Mecca and the establishment of the first Saudi state, all structures and domes in Jannat al-Ma'la were demolished on Thursday, 29 Rabi' al-Thani 1218 AH. The graves in this cemetery were leveled with the ground.(21)( • ʿAlī b. Tāj al-ddīn al-sanjārī.Manāʾiḥ al-karam.vol 4.p422,,, Amīn, Sayyid Muḥsin al-. ''Kashf al-irtīyāb'.p27)
.al-Durr al-Mukhtār, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Ḥaskafī (d. 1088 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH.
After the defeat of this state by Ottoman forces, a dome was once again constructed over the grave and mausoleum of Hazrat Khadijah. However, this structure was also demolished in 1343 AH following the establishment of the third Saudi state.(22)( Gāzī, ʿAbdullāh b. Muḥammad al-. Ifādat al-anām..vol 2.p151)
.al-Sunan al-Kubrā, Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Bayhaqī (384–458 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1416 AH.
 
.Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Bukhārī (d. 256 AH), edited by ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Bāz. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1401 AH.
 
.Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī (206–261 AH), edited by Muḥammad Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Bāqī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1419 AH.
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