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'''Al-Suqya Mosque'''(Arabic: {{ia|مسجد السقیا}}) is one of the mosques in [[Medina]], which is located in the southeast part of Medina railway station, in al-'Anbariyya neighborhood. This mosque is called al-Suqya; because it is located in the al-Suqya region near al-Suqya well. On the way to [[Battle of Badr]], the Prophet saw his army in Suqya, did his prayer, prayed for the people of [[Medina]], and drank water from the well of al-Suqya.
'''Al-Suqya Mosque''' (Arabic: {{ia|مسجد السقیا}}) is one of the mosques in [[Medina]], which is located in the southeast part of Medina railway station, in al-'Anbariyya neighborhood. This mosque is called al-Suqya; because it is located in the al-Suqya region near al-Suqya well. On the way to [[Battle of Badr]], the Prophet saw his army in Suqya, did his prayer, prayed for the people of [[Medina]], and drank water from the well of al-Suqya.


==Location==
==Location==
Al-Suqya Mosque is located inside the fence of al-'Anbariyya railway station and in its southeast. The well of al-Suqya is located in the south of that mosque, and Tariq Makka Street separates the two (the well and the mosque).<ref>Anṣari, ''athar al-madina al-munawwara'', p. 136.</ref> Currently, al-Suqya Mosque is inside the railway station.<ref>Ja'fariyan, ''athar-i islami-yi Makka wa Madina'', p. 367.</ref>
Al-Suqya Mosque is located inside the fence of al-'Anbariyya railway station and in its southeast. The well of al-Suqya is located in the south of that mosque, and Tariq Makka Street separates the two (the well and the mosque).<ref>Anṣārī, ''Āthār al-Madīna al-munawwara'', p. 136.</ref> Currently, al-Suqya Mosque is inside the railway station.<ref>Jaʿfarīyān, ''Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 367.</ref>


==Name==
==Name==
This mosque is called al-Suqya; because it is located in the al-Suqya region and near al-Suqya well.<ref>Abdu-l Ghani, ''Al-Masajid al-Athariyya fi al- madina al-munawwara'', p. 102.</ref>
This mosque is called al-Suqya; because it is located in the al-Suqya region and near al-Suqya well.<ref>ʿAbd al-Ghanī, ''Al-Masājid al-atharīyya'', p. 102.</ref>


===Qubbat al-Ru'us===
===Qubbat al-Ru'us===
From the 11th/16th century onwards, this mosque was also known as the Qubbat al-Ru'us.<ref>Anṣari, ''athar al-madina al-munawwara'', p. 136.</ref> According to 'Ali Hafiz, it was called Qubbat al-Ru'us because Ottoman Turks used to cut off the heads of desert bandits and put them there.<ref>Anṣari, ''athar al-madina al-munawwara'', P. 136; Numiri, ''Tarikh al-madina al-munawwara'', p. 146.</ref> Al-'Ayyashi, the historian of [[Medina]], believes that this name has a bad effect and is not worthy of this mosque.<ref>'Ayyashi, ''Al-Madina al-munawwara bayn al-maḍi wa al-haḍir'', p. 192.</ref>
From the 11th/16th century onwards, this mosque was also known as the Qubbat al-Ru'us.<ref>Anṣārī, ''Āthār al-Madīna al-munawwara'', p. 136.</ref> According to 'Ali Hafiz, it was called Qubbat al-Ru'us because Ottoman Turks used to cut off the heads of desert bandits and put them there.<ref>Ḥāfiẓ, ''Fuṣūl min tārīkh al-Madīna al-munawwara'', p. 146; Anṣārī, ''Āthār al-Madīna al-munawwara'', p. 136.</ref> Al-'Ayyashi, the historian of [[Medina]], believes that this name has a bad effect and is not worthy of this mosque.<ref>ʿAyyāshī, ''al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn al-māḍī wa l-ḥāḍir'', p. 192.</ref>


==The Prophet(a) in al-Suqya==
==The Prophet(a) in al-Suqya==
On the way from Medina to the [[Battle of Badr]], the [[Prophet Muhammad(a)]] stopped in al-Suqya and did prayer and prayed: just as God blessed the people of [[Mecca]] after the prayer of the [[Prophet Abraham]](a), may He also bless the people of [[Medina]].<ref>Tirmidhi, ''Al-Jami' al-ṣahih'', vol. 5, p. 528.</ref> It is said that the Prophet saw his army in this place.<ref>Numiri, ''Tarikh al-madina al-munawwara'', vol 1., p. 72.</ref> It is reported that the Prophet(a) drank water from the al-Suqya well on his way to Badr.<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Al-Ṭabaqat al-kubra'', vol.1, p. 504.</ref>
On the way from Medina to the [[Battle of Badr]], the [[Prophet Muhammad(a)]] stopped in al-Suqya and did prayer and prayed: just as God blessed the people of [[Mecca]] after the prayer of the [[Prophet Abraham]](a), may He also bless the people of [[Medina]].<ref>Tirmidhī, ''al-Jāmiʿ al-ṣaḥīḥ'', vol. 5, p. 528.</ref> It is said that the Prophet saw his army in this place.<ref>Numayrī, ''Tārīkh al-Madīna al-munawwara'', vol 1., p. 72.</ref> It is reported that the Prophet(a) drank water from the al-Suqya well on his way to Badr.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 504.</ref>


==History==
==History==
Ibn Shabba considers this mosque one of the mosques where the Prophet(a) has prayed.<ref>Numiri, ''Tarikh al-madina al-munawwara'', vol. 1, p. 72.</ref> According to al-Samhudi's report, [['Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz]] built this mosque at the place of the Prophet's prayer. According to the words of al-Samhudi, quoting Abu 'Abd Allah al-Asadi, one of the historians of the first centuries, this mosque was famous as one of the historical mosques of [[Medina]].<ref>Samhudi, ''Wafa' al-wafa'', vol. 3, p. 198.</ref>
Ibn Shabba considers this mosque one of the mosques where the Prophet(a) has prayed.<ref>Numayrī, ''Tārīkh al-Madīna al-munawwara'', vol. 1, p. 72.</ref> According to al-Samhudi's report, [['Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz]] built this mosque at the place of the Prophet's prayer. According to the words of al-Samhudi, quoting Abu 'Abd Allah al-Asadi, one of the historians of the first centuries, this mosque was famous as one of the historical mosques of [[Medina]].<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 3, p. 198.</ref>


===Al-Samhudi's Report===
===Al-Samhudi's Report===
At the time of al-Samhudi, this mosque was destroyed. He went to the place of the mosque and saw a big building stone, he ordered to dig there. After the exploration, the mihrab and the four corners of the al-Suqya Mosque appeared. Based on the decorations and carvings of the stones that were discovered, al-Samhoudi believed that this building was built during the time of [['Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz]].<ref>Samhudi, ''Wafa' al-wafa'', vol. 3, p. 200.</ref> According to al-Samhudi's report, al-Suqya Mosque in his time, was rebuilt on its original foundations, which is a square with an area of about seven cubits by seven cubits.<ref>Samhudi, ''Wafa' al-wafa'', vol. 3, p. 200.</ref> Ahmad al-'Abbasi's report in the 11th/17th century also confirms the area of this mosque.<ref>'Abbasi, '''Umdat al-akhbar'', p. 189.</ref>
At the time of al-Samhudi, this mosque was destroyed. He went to the place of the mosque and saw a big building stone, he ordered to dig there. After the exploration, the mihrab and the four corners of the al-Suqya Mosque appeared. Based on the decorations and carvings of the stones that were discovered, al-Samhoudi believed that this building was built during the time of [['Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz]].<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 3, p. 200.</ref> According to al-Samhudi's report, al-Suqya Mosque in his time, was rebuilt on its original foundations, which is a square with an area of about seven cubits by seven cubits.<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 3, p. 200.</ref> Ahmad al-'Abbasi's report in the 11th/17th century also confirms the area of this mosque.<ref>ʿAbbāsī, ''ʿUmdat al-akhbār'', p. 189.</ref>
According to a report from 1073/1662-3 this mosque is located on the left side of the road leading to [[Medina]] from [['Aqiq]] route, in the western [[harra]].<ref>'Ayyashi, ''Al-Rihla al-'Ayyashiyya'', vol. 1, p. 395.</ref>
According to a report from 1073/1662-3 this mosque is located on the left side of the road leading to [[Medina]] from [['Aqiq]] route, in the western [[harra]].<ref>ʿAyyāshī, ''al-Riḥla al-ʿAyyāshīyya'', vol. 1, p. 395.</ref>


===Yasin Khayari's opinion===
===Yasin al-Khayari's opinion===
Scholars of the first and middle centuries are of the same opinion that the Suqya Mosque is a historical mosque that is located inside the railway station today. Yasin Al-Khayari a contemporary historian of [[Medina]], said: the ruined building that was located next to the Suqya well in his time and was destroyed for the development of the road, is the Suqya Mosque.<ref>Khayari, ''Tarikh ma'alimal-madina al-munawwara qadiman wa hadithan'', p. 149.</ref>This dilapidated building is clearly visible in the picture he gave in his book. Muhammad 'Ilyas Abdu-l Ghani, with several reasons, has proved the famous opinion and rejected the opinion of Khayari.<ref>Abdu-l Ghani, ''Al-Masajid al-Athariyya fi al- madina al-munawwara'', p. 102-106.</ref>
Scholars of the first and middle centuries agree that the al-Suqya Mosque is a historical mosque inside the railway station today. Yasin Al-Khayari a contemporary historian of [[Medina]], said that the ruined building that was located next to the al-Suqya well in his time and was destroyed for the development of the road, is the al-Suqya Mosque.<ref>Khayārī, ''Tārīkh maʿālim al-Madīna al-munawwara'', p. 149.</ref> This dilapidated building is visible in the picture he gave in his book. Muhammad 'Ilyas Abd al-Ghani, has proved the famous opinion and rejected the opinion of al-Khayari providing several reasons.<ref>ʿAbd al-Ghanī, ''Al-Masājid al-atharīyya'', p. 102-106.</ref>


==Description of the mosque==
==Description==
Shanqiṭi describes the Suqya Mosque as follows: Inside the buildings of the railway station, from the south, the Suqya Mosque can be seen, which has triple domes. The middle dome is bigger.<ref>Shanqiṭi, ''Al-Durr al-thamina fi ma'alim dar al-rasul'', p. 237.</ref>
Al-Shanqiti describes the al-Suqya Mosque as follows, inside the buildings of the railway station, from the south, the al-Suqya Mosque can be seen, which has triple domes. The middle dome is bigger.<ref>Shanqīṭī, ''al-Durr al-thamīna fī maʿālim dār al-Rasūl(s)'', p. 237.</ref>
The mosque building has vertical and horizontal sections and consists of three empty spaces or gaps covered by three domes. The middle dome is the biggest of all the domes. Its mihrab is in the [[Qibla]] wall. In half of the north, east and west walls of its building, an arched and crescent-shaped valve with a circular arch is installed. The walls are plastered with white plaster.<ref>Ṣalihi Luma'i, ''Al-madina al-munawwara wa taṭawwuriha al-'umrani wa turathiha al-mi'mari'' P. 209-210.</ref>
 
Its mihrab is on the [[Qibla]] wall. In half of the north, east, and west walls of the building, arched and crescent-shaped windows are installed. The walls are covered with white plaster.<ref>Ṣāliḥ Lumaʿī, ''al-Madīna al-munawwara taṭawwurihā l-ʿumrānī wa turāthiha al-miʿmārī'', p. 209-210.</ref>


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
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file:مسجد سقيا 6.jpg
file:مسجد سقيا 6.jpg
</gallery>
</gallery>
==Notes==
==Notes==
{{notes}}
{{notes}}
==References==
==References==
{{references}}
{{references}}
*'Abbasi, Ahmad b. 'Abd al-hamid.'''Umdat al-akhbar''. Medina: al-Maktab al-'ilmiyya, [n.d].
* ʿAbbāsī, Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. ''ʿUmdat al-akhbār''. Medina: al-Maktab al-ʿIlmīyya, [n.d].
*'Abdu-l Ghani, Muhammad 'Ilyas. ''Al-Masajid al-Athariyya fi al- madina al-munawwara''. Medina: [n.p], 2000.
* ʿAbd al-Ghanī, Muḥammad Ilyās. ''Al-Masājid al-atharīyya fī l- Madīna al-munawwara''. Medina: [n.p], 2000.
*Anṣari, 'Abdu-l quddus al-. ''athar madina al-munawwara''. Medina: Maktabat al-Salafiyya, 1973.
* Anṣārī, ʿAbd al-Quddūs al-. ''Āthār al-Madīna al-munawwara''. Medina: Maktabat al-Salafīyya, 1973.
*'Ayyashi, 'Abd Allah b. Muhammad. ''Al-Rihla al-'Ayyashiyya''. Abu Dhabi: Dar al-Suwaydi, 2006.
* ʿAyyāshī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Riḥla al-ʿAyyāshīyya''. Abu Dhabi: Dār al-Suwaydī, 2006.
*'Ayyashi, Ibrahim .''Al-Madina al-munawwara bayn al-maḍi wa al-haḍir''. Medina: al-Maktab al-'ilmiyya, 1972.
* ʿAyyāshī, Ibrāhīm al-. ''Al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn al-māḍī wa l-ḥāḍir''. Medina: al-Maktab al-ʿIlmīyya, 1972.
*hafiẓ, 'Ali.''Fuṣul min tarikh al-madina al-munawwara''. Jeddah: Shirka al-madina al-munawwara, 1417 AH.
* Ḥāfiẓ, ʿAlī. ''Fuṣūl min tārīkh al-Madīna al-munawwara''. Jeddah: Shirka al-Madīna al-Munawwara, 1417AH.
*Ibn Sa'd, Muhammad b. Mani' al-hashimi al-Baṣri. ''Al-Ṭabaqat al-kubra''. Edited by Muhammad 'Abd al-Qadir 'Aṭa. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya,1410AH-1990.
* Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭāʾ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1410/1990.
*Ja'fariyan, Rasul. ''athar-i islami-yi Makka wa Madina''. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1382 Sh.
* Jaʿfarīyān, Rasūl. ''Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1382Sh.
*Khayari, Sayyid Ahmad Yasin.''Tarikh ma'alimal-madina al-munawwara qadiman wa hadithan''. Riyadh: al-Amana al'amma li-lihtifal mi'at 'am 'ala t'sis al-mamlika al- 'arabiyya al-su'udiyya, 1419 AH/1999.
* Khayārī, Sayyid Aḥmad Yāsīn al-. ''Tārīkh maʿālim al-Madīna al-munawwara qadīman wa ḥadīthan''. Riyadh: al-Amāna al-ʿĀmma li-l-iḥtifāl miʾat ʿām ʿalā l-taʾsīs al-mamlakat al- ʿArabīyya al-Suʿūdīyya, 1419/1999.
*Numiri, Ibn Shabbah. ''Tarikh al-madina al-munawwara''. Edited by Fahim Muhammad Shaltut. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1380 sh.
* Numayrī, Ibn Shabbah al-. ''Tārīkh al-Madīna al-munawwara''. Edited by Fahīm Muḥammad Shaltūt. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1380Sh.
*Ṣalihi Luma'i, Muṣṭafa.''Al-madina al-munawwara taṭawwuriha al-'umrani wa turathiha al-mi'mari''. Beirut: Dar al-Nihḍa al-'Arabiyya, 1981.
* Ṣāliḥ Lumaʿī, Muṣṭafā. ''Al-Madīna al-munawwara taṭawwurihā l-ʿumrānī wa turāthiha al-miʿmārī''. Beirut: Dār al-Nihḍa al-ʿArabīyya, 1981.
*Samhudi, 'Ali b. 'Abd Allah. ''Wafa' al-wafa bi akhbar dar al-Muṣṭafa''. Edited by Muhammad Muhyi al-Din 'Abd al-hamid. Beirut: 1984.
* Samhūdī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Wafāʾ al-wafā bi-akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā''. Edited by Muḥammad Muḥyi l-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: 1984.
*Shanqiṭi, Muhammad al-'Amin al-. ''Al-Durr al-thamina fi ma'alim dar al-rasul(s)''. Beirut: Mu'assisa 'Ulum al-Qur'an, 1411 AH.
* Shanqīṭī, Muḥammad al-Amīn al-. ''Al-Durr al-thamīna fī maʿālim dār al-Rasūl(s)''. Beirut: Muʾassisat ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān, 1411AH.
*Tirmidhi, Muhammad ibn 'isa al-. ''Al-Jami' al-ṣahih''. cairo: Dar al-hadith, 1419 AH.
* Tirmidhī, Muḥammad b. ʿĪsā al-. ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-ṣaḥīḥ''. Cairo: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1419AH.
{{end}}
{{end}}
[[fa:مسجد سقیا]]
[[fa:مسجد سقیا]]
[[category: Historical places of Medina]]
[[category: Historical places of Medina]]
[[category: Medina's Mosques]]
[[category: Medina's Mosques]]

Latest revision as of 19:29, 24 December 2023

Al-Suqya Mosque
Template:Px
General Information
Other NamesAl-Ru'us Mosque
PlaceMedina, inside the area of al-'Anbariyya train station
UsageMosque
History
EventsPrayer of the Prophet Muhammad(a) when he was going to Badr
Current State
StatusActive

Directions

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Al-Suqya Mosque (Arabic: مسجد السقیا) is one of the mosques in Medina, which is located in the southeast part of Medina railway station, in al-'Anbariyya neighborhood. This mosque is called al-Suqya; because it is located in the al-Suqya region near al-Suqya well. On the way to Battle of Badr, the Prophet saw his army in Suqya, did his prayer, prayed for the people of Medina, and drank water from the well of al-Suqya.

Location

Al-Suqya Mosque is located inside the fence of al-'Anbariyya railway station and in its southeast. The well of al-Suqya is located in the south of that mosque, and Tariq Makka Street separates the two (the well and the mosque).[1] Currently, al-Suqya Mosque is inside the railway station.[2]

Name

This mosque is called al-Suqya; because it is located in the al-Suqya region and near al-Suqya well.[3]

Qubbat al-Ru'us

From the 11th/16th century onwards, this mosque was also known as the Qubbat al-Ru'us.[4] According to 'Ali Hafiz, it was called Qubbat al-Ru'us because Ottoman Turks used to cut off the heads of desert bandits and put them there.[5] Al-'Ayyashi, the historian of Medina, believes that this name has a bad effect and is not worthy of this mosque.[6]

The Prophet(a) in al-Suqya

On the way from Medina to the Battle of Badr, the Prophet Muhammad(a) stopped in al-Suqya and did prayer and prayed: just as God blessed the people of Mecca after the prayer of the Prophet Abraham(a), may He also bless the people of Medina.[7] It is said that the Prophet saw his army in this place.[8] It is reported that the Prophet(a) drank water from the al-Suqya well on his way to Badr.[9]

History

Ibn Shabba considers this mosque one of the mosques where the Prophet(a) has prayed.[10] According to al-Samhudi's report, 'Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz built this mosque at the place of the Prophet's prayer. According to the words of al-Samhudi, quoting Abu 'Abd Allah al-Asadi, one of the historians of the first centuries, this mosque was famous as one of the historical mosques of Medina.[11]

Al-Samhudi's Report

At the time of al-Samhudi, this mosque was destroyed. He went to the place of the mosque and saw a big building stone, he ordered to dig there. After the exploration, the mihrab and the four corners of the al-Suqya Mosque appeared. Based on the decorations and carvings of the stones that were discovered, al-Samhoudi believed that this building was built during the time of 'Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz.[12] According to al-Samhudi's report, al-Suqya Mosque in his time, was rebuilt on its original foundations, which is a square with an area of about seven cubits by seven cubits.[13] Ahmad al-'Abbasi's report in the 11th/17th century also confirms the area of this mosque.[14] According to a report from 1073/1662-3 this mosque is located on the left side of the road leading to Medina from 'Aqiq route, in the western harra.[15]

Yasin al-Khayari's opinion

Scholars of the first and middle centuries agree that the al-Suqya Mosque is a historical mosque inside the railway station today. Yasin Al-Khayari a contemporary historian of Medina, said that the ruined building that was located next to the al-Suqya well in his time and was destroyed for the development of the road, is the al-Suqya Mosque.[16] This dilapidated building is visible in the picture he gave in his book. Muhammad 'Ilyas Abd al-Ghani, has proved the famous opinion and rejected the opinion of al-Khayari providing several reasons.[17]

Description

Al-Shanqiti describes the al-Suqya Mosque as follows, inside the buildings of the railway station, from the south, the al-Suqya Mosque can be seen, which has triple domes. The middle dome is bigger.[18]

Its mihrab is on the Qibla wall. In half of the north, east, and west walls of the building, arched and crescent-shaped windows are installed. The walls are covered with white plaster.[19]

Gallery

Notes

  1. Anṣārī, Āthār al-Madīna al-munawwara, p. 136.
  2. Jaʿfarīyān, Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 367.
  3. ʿAbd al-Ghanī, Al-Masājid al-atharīyya, p. 102.
  4. Anṣārī, Āthār al-Madīna al-munawwara, p. 136.
  5. Ḥāfiẓ, Fuṣūl min tārīkh al-Madīna al-munawwara, p. 146; Anṣārī, Āthār al-Madīna al-munawwara, p. 136.
  6. ʿAyyāshī, al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn al-māḍī wa l-ḥāḍir, p. 192.
  7. Tirmidhī, al-Jāmiʿ al-ṣaḥīḥ, vol. 5, p. 528.
  8. Numayrī, Tārīkh al-Madīna al-munawwara, vol 1., p. 72.
  9. Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 1, p. 504.
  10. Numayrī, Tārīkh al-Madīna al-munawwara, vol. 1, p. 72.
  11. Samhūdī, Wafāʾ al-wafā, vol. 3, p. 198.
  12. Samhūdī, Wafāʾ al-wafā, vol. 3, p. 200.
  13. Samhūdī, Wafāʾ al-wafā, vol. 3, p. 200.
  14. ʿAbbāsī, ʿUmdat al-akhbār, p. 189.
  15. ʿAyyāshī, al-Riḥla al-ʿAyyāshīyya, vol. 1, p. 395.
  16. Khayārī, Tārīkh maʿālim al-Madīna al-munawwara, p. 149.
  17. ʿAbd al-Ghanī, Al-Masājid al-atharīyya, p. 102-106.
  18. Shanqīṭī, al-Durr al-thamīna fī maʿālim dār al-Rasūl(s), p. 237.
  19. Ṣāliḥ Lumaʿī, al-Madīna al-munawwara taṭawwurihā l-ʿumrānī wa turāthiha al-miʿmārī, p. 209-210.

References

  • ʿAbbāsī, Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. ʿUmdat al-akhbār. Medina: al-Maktab al-ʿIlmīyya, [n.d].
  • ʿAbd al-Ghanī, Muḥammad Ilyās. Al-Masājid al-atharīyya fī l- Madīna al-munawwara. Medina: [n.p], 2000.
  • Anṣārī, ʿAbd al-Quddūs al-. Āthār al-Madīna al-munawwara. Medina: Maktabat al-Salafīyya, 1973.
  • ʿAyyāshī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad al-. Al-Riḥla al-ʿAyyāshīyya. Abu Dhabi: Dār al-Suwaydī, 2006.
  • ʿAyyāshī, Ibrāhīm al-. Al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn al-māḍī wa l-ḥāḍir. Medina: al-Maktab al-ʿIlmīyya, 1972.
  • Ḥāfiẓ, ʿAlī. Fuṣūl min tārīkh al-Madīna al-munawwara. Jeddah: Shirka al-Madīna al-Munawwara, 1417AH.
  • Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭāʾ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1410/1990.
  • Jaʿfarīyān, Rasūl. Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1382Sh.
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