Pourghorbani

'''Rites Of Ḥajj Al-Tamattuʿ''',  The Rites of Ḥajj Al-Tamattuʿ are a set of rituals that are held at certain times and places in the city of [[Mecca]]. The rituals of Ḥajj Al-Tamattuʿ begin after the rituals of [[ʿUmra al-Tamattuʿ]] are completed. Hajj pilgrims who have already come out of [[Iḥrām|Ihram]] for ʿUmra al-Tamattuʿ once again put on Ihram in mecca with the [[intention]] of performing The Rites of Ḥajj Al-Tamattuʿand say [[Labbayk]]. Then he [[Wuquf at 'Arafat|stays]] in [[ʿArafāt]] desert from noon on the 9th day of Dhu l-Ḥijja until sunset. After that, he spends the 10th night of Dhu l-Ḥijja in [[Mashʿar]], and he [[Wuqūf at al-Mashʿar|stays]] in Mashʿar from the morning call to prayer on the 10th day of Dhu l-Ḥijjah ([[ʿEid al-Aḍḥā]]) until sunrise. Then, on the 10th day of Dhu l-Hijja, he performs the rituals of [[Ramy al-Jamarat|Ramy al-Jamara al-ʿAqabah]], [[Sacrifice]] (Qurbānī) and [[Taqsir or Halq|Ḥalq or Taqṣīr]].

After completing the rituals of [[Mina|Minā]], the Hajj pilgrim goes to [[Mecca]] and performs the [[rituals of Mecca]]. These rituals include Hajj [[tawaf]] and [[Prayer of Tawaf|its prayer]], [[Sa'y|Saʿy Ṣafā and Marwah]], and [[Tawaf al-Nisa'|Nisa's tawaf]] and its prayer. Hadji then returns to [[Mina|Minā]] and stays the 11th and 12th nights (and for some, the 13th night) in Mina. On the 11th and 12th days, he does [[Ramy al-Jamarat|Ramy of triple Jamrāt]]. By leaving Mina in the afternoon of the twelfth day, Hajj ends.

 

The Rites of ʿUmrah, which must be performed before the Rites of Tamattuʿ, include Ihram, Tawaf, Tawaf prayer, Sa'y and [[Taqsir|Taqsīr]].<ref>Fallāḥzādih, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i Ḥajj'', p. 26.</ref>

The place of Ihram for Umrah is one of [[Miqat|the miqāts]], such as the [[Shajarah]] and [[Juhfa|Juḥfa]] mosques. <ref>Fallāḥzādih, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i Ḥajj'', p. 28.</ref>Those who go to mecca from Medina must become [[Ihram|Muḥrim]] in the Shajarah mosque, which is outside of [[Medina]] and in the [[Dhu l-Hulīfa]] area.<ref>Fallāḥzādih, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i Ḥajj'', p. 29.</ref>

After putting on Ihram and entering [[Mecca]], pilgrims should perform [[Tawaf]] of the [[Ka'ba|Kaʿba]] <ref>Fallāḥzādih, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i Ḥajj'', p. 33.</ref> and then perform the [[Tawaf prayer]], which have two [[rakʿahs]], behind the [[Ibrahīm's Maqām]]. <ref>Fallāḥzādih, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i Ḥajj'', p. 41.</ref> The next Rite of Umrah is [[Sa'y |Sa'y between Ṣafā and Marwah]]; It means to walk the distance between Mount Safa and Marwah seven times. <ref>Fallāḥzādih, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i Ḥajj'', p. 44.</ref>At the end, after [[Taqsir]], Hadji comes out of Ihram and the prohibitions of Ihram become lawful for him.<ref>Fallāḥzādih, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i Ḥajj'', p. 49.</ref>

 

Of course, in the interval between Taqsir of Umrah and the ihram of Hajj, some things are forbidden for pilgrims that they should avoid. such as performng  Umrah al-mufradah; shaving the head; Going out of the city of mecca (according to the fatwas of a number of Shiite jurists), cutting down trees and plants of [[Ḥaram erea]], and hunting (even killing grasshoppers and the like).<ref>Fallāḥzādih, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i Ḥajj'', p. 51.</ref>

 

==Rites Of Ḥajj Al-Tamattuʿ==

 

The Rites Of Ḥajj Al-Tamattuʿ, which begin after rites of Umrah Tamattuʿ, are as follows:

 

Ihram for Hajj must be in the months of Hajj (Shawwal, Dhu l-Qaʿda and Dhu l-Hijja); However, Ihram in Tamattuʿ Hajj  must be done after completing Umrah. Hadji should be Muhrim before noon on the ninth day of Dhu l-Hijja ([[day of ʿArafa]]), when he reaches the Desert of [[ʿArafāt]] in order to start the [[Wuquf at 'Arafat|staying]] at Arafat, which is from noon on the Day of Arafah. The place of Ihram of Hajj is the city of [[Mecca]].<ref>Fallāḥzādih, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i Ḥajj'', p. 53.</ref>

 

From the time of Ihram to [[Taḥallul]], Hajj pilgrims should avoid the prohibitions of Ihram, such as Verbal disputing, sexual intercourse, and good scent.<ref>Fallāḥzādih, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i Ḥajj'', p. 55.</ref>

 

Staying at Arafat is the second obligatory Rites of Hajj and it means “staying at the desert of Arafat”. [11Fikrī, Masʿūd; ʿAlāʾī, Aḥmad. Farhang-i Iṣṭilāḥāt-i  Ḥajj wa ʿUmra. P275] According to Shia jurists, the time of standing in Arafat is from noon on the ninth day of Dhul-Hijjah (Arafa) until sunset, which is the time of Maghrib prayer. [12. Fallāḥzāda, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Darsnāma-yi manāsik Ḥajj p.58] In the four Sunni religions, the time of this act is considered to be the day of Arafah; Of course, there is a difference between these religions in its exact time.[13.Kāshānī, ʿAlā al-Dīn b. Masʿūd al-. Badāʾiʿ al-sanāʾiʿ,   Murwārīd, ʿAlī Aṣghar .Al-Maṣādir al-fiqhīyya.vol10p.33, *Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥaasn al-. ‘’Al-Khilāf’’vol.1.p.453. Sābiq al-Sayyid al-. Fiqh al-sunna.vol.1p.522. Ḥillī, al-Ḥasan b. Yūsuf al-. ‘’Tadhkirat al-fuqahāʾ’’vol 8.p.177.Pīshih fard, Muṣṭafā Jaʿfar .Darāmadī bar fiqh-i Muqārin.p.387Jazīrī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. ‘’Al-Fiqh ʿalā al-madhāhib al-arbaʿa’’. Vol1.p599,597.*Mughnīya, . ‘’Al-Fiqh ʿalā al-madhāhib al-khamsa’vol.1p.378’ ]

For a pilgrim who does not feel weak in praying, it is recommended to fast on this day. Being pure, bathing and standing at the bottom of the mountain and on flat ground are other mustahabbs of standing in Arafat.[14. Fallāḥzāda, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Darsnāma-yi manāsik Ḥajjp.59]

 

Reciting the prayer of Imam Hussain (AS) on the day of Arafat is one of the traditions that Shiites perform on this day and in the desert of Arafat. [15. Fallāḥzāda, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Darsnāma-yi manāsik Ḥajj. P.60] Other traditions of this act are repentance [16. Miṣbā ḥ al-sharīʿa. P.92.Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, Muḥsin. Al-Maḥjat al-bayḍāʾvol.2p.207 ] and reciting special prayers [17.*Muḥammadī Reyshahrī, Muḥammad. Ḥajj wa ʿUmra dar Qurān wa Ḥadīth.p.392 ].

Waqf in Mashaar is the third obligatory act of Hajj and it means “staying in Mashaar”. [18  Farhang-i Iṣṭilāḥāt-i  Ḥajj wa ʿUmra.p.276] The time of this act, based on Shia jurisprudence, is from dawn on the 10th day of Dhu al-Hijjah (Eid of Sacrifice) until sunrise.[19. Qāḍīʿskar, ʿAlī. Ḥajj dar andīshi-yi islāmī. P.288]  

Reciting special prayers, [20. Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ‘’Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh’’pvol.2. p.543] divine dhikr, and collecting pebbles that are thrown into the Jamrat in Mena are among the mustahabs of standing in the mashaar [21Fallāḥzāda, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Darsnāma-yi manāsik Ḥajj. P.63]Mena rituals

Hajj pilgrims should come out of Mashaar and go to Mina after sunrise on the 10th day of Dhu al-Hijjah (Eid al-Adha). A Hajj in Hajj Tamattu must perform the rituals of Mena, which include three actions: “Rami Jamrah Aqaba”, “Qurbani” and “Halq wa Taqseer”.[22Fallāḥzāda, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Darsnāma-yi manāsik Ḥajj. P.65 ]

According to Shia jurists, observing the order of the above actions is obligatory or obligatory precaution, and according to Hanbali and Shafi’i jurists, it is observing the order of the Sunnah, and whoever does not observe it has no expiation.[23. Najafī, Muḥammad Ḥasan al-. ‘’Jawāhir al-kalāmvol.19.p250,251 .Shahīd al-Thānī, Zayn al-Dīn b. ʿAlī. ‘’Al-Rawḍa al-bahiyya fī sharḥ al-lumʿat al-Dimashqiyya’’vol.1p.525. Yaḥyā b. Ibrāhīm .Rasāʾil li-lḥujjāj wa al-muʿtamirīn. P.12,13.Ibn Qudāma, ʿAbd Allāh. ‘’Al-Mughnī’. Kāshānī, ʿAlā al-Dīn b. Masʿūd al-. Badāʾiʿ al-sanāʾiʿ .Miṣrī al-Muzanīī, Ismāʿīl b. Yaḥyā. Mukhtaṣar al-Muzanīī. Murwārīd, ʿAlī Aṣghar .Al-Maṣādir al-fiqhīyya.vol.11.p.1048,1045,,974vol10.p.103.vol11.p.823] 

On the day of Eid al-Adha, after sunrise, it is obligatory for a Hajj to throw seven stones at the Aqaba Jamrah (the last Jamrah in Mina). [24. Fallāḥzāda, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Darsnāma-yi manāsik Ḥajj. P.26]Therefore, if he hits several pebbles together, it is not enough, but it is counted as one.[25 Fallāḥzāda, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Darsnāma-yi manāsik Ḥajj. P.66.67]

 

 

 

 

 

*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ‘’Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh’’. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Qom: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1413 AH.

*Marghīnānī, ʿAlī b. ʾAbī Bakr al-. Al-Hidāya (al-fiqh al- ḥanafī). Beirut: [n.p], first edition, 1422 AH.