Fatima's house: Difference between revisions

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'''Fatima's house or room''', the house where [[lady Fatima(a)]], the daughter of the [[Prophet Muḥammad (a)]] lived after marrying Imām ʿAlī(a) and was located next to Masjid al-Nabī and next to [[the house of the Prophet and ʿĀʾisha]]. This house has been destroyed today and its current location is inside [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi|Masjid al-Nabī]] and within the area of the [[Prophet's(a) room]] and [[prophet's shrine|shrine]].
{{Building
| title =
| image = درب خانه فاطمه.jpg
| image size =
| image link =
| image description = A door known as the door of Fatima's house in [[al-Masjid al-Nabawi]]
| other names = The house of Imam Ali (a), the house of Ali (a) and Fatima (a)
| place = [[Medina]], [[al-Masjid al-Nabawi]]
| usage =
| religious affiliation = Shia
| beliefs = The possible burial place of Fatima (a)
| rituals =
| rulings =
| pilgrims =
| visitors =
| time of construction = Early Islam
| founder =
| events = Attack on Fatima's house
| reconstructions =
| reconstructors =
| missing parts =
| historical features =
| trustee =
| space =
| length =
| width =
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| status =
| capacity =
| facilities =
| parts =
| architect =
| style =
| properties =
| domes =
| minarets =
| doors =
| porticos =
| courts =
| verandas =
| affiliated entity =
| maintaining entity =
| administrator =
| imam of prayer =
| subsidiary entities =
| registered in =
| registration no. =
| registration date =
| website =
| latitude = 24.467665
| longitude = 39.611504
| map description =
}}
'''Fatima's house or room''', is the house where [[Lady Fatima (a)]], the daughter of the [[Prophet Muhammad (a)]], lived after marrying Imam 'Ali (a) and was located next to al-Masjid al-Nabawi and next to [[the house of the Prophet and 'A'isha]]. This house has been destroyed today and its current location is inside [[al-Masjid al-Nabawi]] and within the area of [[the Prophet's room]] and [[prophet's shrine|shrine]].


In the historical sources, another house is also mentioned in [[Medina]] next to the [[Baqīʿ cemetery]] for [[Imām ʿAlī(a)]]. There is a different opinion about whether the events after the death of the Prophet took place in the house of Fatima or in [[the second house of Imām ʿAlī(a)]].
In the historical sources, another house is also mentioned in [[Medina]] next to the [[al-Baqi' cemetery]] for [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]. There is a different opinion about whether the events after the demise of the Prophet (s) took place in the house of Fatima (a) or in [[the house of Imam 'Ali (a)]].


Fatima's house in Masjid al-Nabī is one of the possible burial places of lady Fatima.
Fatima's house in al-Masjid al-Nabawi is one of the possible burial places of Lady Fatima (a).


==location==
==Location==
The house of [[Fatima(a)]], which is also known as the house of Imām ʿAlī(a), was located behind the house of the Prophet(a) (the house of ʿĀʾisha).<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 203; Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, ''Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa al-Masjid al-ḥarām'', p. 270. </ref>
The house of [[Fatima (a)]], which is also known as the house of Imam 'Ali (a), was located behind the house of the Prophet (a) (the house of 'A'isha).<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 203; Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, ''Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa l-Masjid al-Ḥarām'', p. 270. </ref>
Behind this house from the north direction, there was the [[Tahajjud pillar]]<ref> Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', p. Vol. 2, P. 47,58; Ansārī, ''Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa masjid-i sharīf-i Nabawī'', p. 81; Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, ''Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa al-Masjid al-ḥarām'', p. 270.</ref> and next to that column there was the [[Tahajjud Miḥrāb]],<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', p. Vol. 2, P. 47.</ref>   where [[Prophet Muḥammad (a)]] used to spend the night in that place and pray at night, <ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', p. Vol. 2, P. 47.</ref> and now it is the north side of the prophet's.<ref>Jaʿfariyān, ''Āthār-i islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 219.</ref> If someone stands in the Miḥrāb of Tahjjud, [[‌‌Bāb-i Gibraʾīl]] is on his left.<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', p. Vol. 2, P. 47; Ansārī, ''Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa masjid-i sharīf-i Nabawī'', p. 81; Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, ''Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa al-Masjid al-ḥarām'', p. 270.</ref> and the of [[Maqām-i Gibraʾīl]] is on his right.<ref>Jaʿfariyān, ''Āthār-i islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 228-229.</ref>
Behind this house from the north direction, there was the [[pillar of Tahajjud]]<ref> Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 47,58; Ansārī, ''Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa-yi masjid-i sharīf-i Nabawī'', p. 81; Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, ''Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa l-Masjid al-Ḥarām'', p. 270.</ref> and next to that pillar there was the [[Mihrab of Tahajjud]],<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 47.</ref> where [[Prophet Muhammad (a)]] used to spend the night in that place and pray at night, <ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 47.</ref> and now it is the north side of the Prophet's (s).<ref>Jaʿfariyān, ''Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 219.</ref> If someone stands in the [[Mihrab of Tahjjaud]], [[‌‌Bab Jibra'il]] is on his left.<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 47; Ansārī, ''Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa-yi masjid-i sharīf-i Nabawī'', p. 81; Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, ''Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa l-Masjid al-Ḥarām'', p. 270.</ref> and the of [[Maqam Jibra'il]] is on his right.<ref>Jaʿfariyān, ''Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 228-229.</ref>


This house was destroyed and now there is no trace of it. Its current location is inside the [[Prophet's(a) chamber]] and [[prophet's shrine|shrine]]<ref>Jaʿfariyān, ''Āthār-i islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 203,210; Baṣīrī, ''Gulwāzhihāy-i ḥajj wa ʿumrah'', p. 412.</ref> the sum of these two is called the Holy Chamber and its area is about 240 square meters.<ref>Jaʿfariyān, ''Āthār-i islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 219; Baṣīrī, ''Gulwāzhihāy-i ḥajj wa ʿumrah'', p. 412.</ref>
This house was destroyed and now there is no trace of it. Its current location is inside the [[Prophet's (a) room]] and [[Prophet's shrine|shrine]]<ref>Jaʿfariyān, ''Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 203,210; Baṣīrī, ''Gulwāzhihā-yi ḥajj wa ʿumra'', p. 412.</ref> the sum of these two is called the al-Hujra al-Tahira and its area is about 240 square meters.<ref>Jaʿfariyān, ''Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 219; Baṣīrī, ''Gulwāzhihā-yi ḥajj wa ʿumra'', p. 412.</ref>


===The doors of the house===
===Doors===
Fatima's house had two doors: a door to the east; that is to the alley, and a door to the west; That is, inside the mosque and parallel to the [[pillar of wufūd]] and [[pillar of Ḥirs|Ḥirs]].<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 203; Najmī, ''Tārīkh-i ḥarām-i aʾimma-yi Baqīʿ'', p. 152.</ref> The door on the west side, which opens to the mosque, was located next to [[Maqām-i Gibraʾīl]] ([[The square pillar of the tomb]]).<ref> Ansārī, Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa masjid-i sharīf-i nabawī, p. 80,81; Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 2, p. 46,57.</ref>The door that is now known as the door of Fatima's house on the side of [[‌‌Bāb-i Gibraʾīl]] is the same door that opened to the alley.<ref>Qāʾidān, Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna, p. 203.</ref>
Fatima's house had two doors: a door to the east; that is to the alley, and a door to the west; That is, inside the mosque and parallel to the [[pillar of Wufud]] and [[pillar of Hars|Hars]].<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 203; Najmī, ''Tārīkh-i ḥarām-i Aʾimma-yi Baqīʿ'', p. 152.</ref> The door on the west side, which opens to the mosque, was located next to [[Maqam Jibra'il]] ([[Murba'at al-Qabr Pillar]]).<ref> Ansārī, ''Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa-yi masjid-i sharīf-i Nabawī'', p. 80,81; Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 46,57.</ref>The door that is now known as the door of Fatima's house on the side of [[‌‌Bab Jibra'il]] is the same door that opened to the alley.<ref>Qa'idan, Tarikh wa athar-i Islami Makka wa Madina, p. 203.</ref>
==Demolition of Fatima's house and adding it to the mosque==
This house remained until the time of [[Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik]], the ʾUmayya caliph (R: 86-96 AH/705-714-5 AD). In the expansion of Masjid al-Nabī in the year 88 AH/706-7 AD by the order of Walīd and by the hand of [[ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAziz]], the governor of [[the Two Holy Mosques]] (87-93 AH/705-6 - 711-2 AD), [[Ḥasan al-Muthannā]], the son of [[Imam Ḥasan Mujtabā(a)]], and [[Fatima, the daughter of Imam Ḥusayn(a)]], who lived there were forced out of it and the house was destroyed and then the house joined to the mosque.<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'',  p. Vol. 2, P. 89-90.</ref>


==Prophet's room==
==Demolition of Fatima's House and Addition to al-Masjid al-Nabawi==
{{Main|Prophet's room}}
This house remained until the time of [[al-Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik]], the 'Umayya caliph (Ruled: 86/705-96/714-5). In the expansion of al-Masjid al-Nabawi in the year 88/706-7 by the order of al-Walid and by [['Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz]], the governor of Mecca and Medina at the time, [[al-Hasan al-Muthanna]], the son of [[Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a)]], and [[Fatima, the daughter of Imam Husayn (a)]], who lived there were forced out of it and the house was destroyed and then the house joined to the mosque.<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 89-90.</ref>
The Prophet's(a) room, which is also known as the [[al-sharīfa room]], is the house where Prophet and [[ʿĀʾisha]] lived. This room was next to Masjid al-Nabī and next to Fatima's house. [[Prophet Muḥammad (a)]] was buried in this house.


==ّImportance of the house of Fatima==
==Importance==
According to a Narrative, Prophet(a) used to come to the door of Fatima's house for forty days and put his hand on the door frame and say: “اَلسَّلامُ عَلَیکُم یا اهلَ الْبَیت; Peace be upon you, Peace be upon you, O Ahl al-Bayt(people of the house)” and then reads [[the verse of Taṭhīr]] (purification), which is about the purity of the [[Ahl al-Bayt]] from impurity.<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', Vol. 2, p. 46. wāʿiẓ khargūshī, ''Sharaf al- Muṣṭafā'', Vol. 2, p. 445.</ref>
According to a narration, the Prophet (s) went to the door of Fatima's house for forty days and put his hand on the frame of the door and said: "{{ia|اَلسَّلامُ عَلَیکُم یا اهلَ الْبَیت}} peace be upon you, O Ahl al-Bayt (people of the house)" and then recited [[al-Tathir Verse]].<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 46. Wāʿiẓ Khargūshī, ''Sharaf al- Muṣṭafā'', vol. 2, p. 445.</ref>


The narration of [[Saddū al-Abwāb]] is also considered as one of the signs of importance of the house of Imam ʿAlī and Fātīma(a) and its residents. According to this narration, Prophet Muḥammad ordered to close the doors of houses that opened to the mosque, except the house of ʿAlī and Fātīma(a).<ref>Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 2, p. 205; Kulaynī, ''Al-Rawḍa min al-kāfī'', vol. 5, p. 340; Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 2, p. 63,67.</ref>
[[Sadd al-Abwab]] is also considered as one of the signs of importance of the house of Imam 'Ali and Fatima (a) and its residents. According to this narration, the Prophet (s) ordered all the doors of the houses that opened to the mosque to be closed, except for the house of 'Ali and Fatima (a).<ref>Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 2, p. 205; Kulaynī, ''al-Rawḍa min al-kāfī'', vol. 5, p. 340; Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 63,67.</ref>


Also, based on a narration from Prophet(a), the house of Fatima is considered the best example of the houses mentioned in verse 36 of Surah al-Noor; There are houses in which God's name is mentioned and the glorification of God is said in the morning and in the evening. <ref>Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān vol. 7, p. 227; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 23, p. 325; Majlisī, ''Mirʾāt al-ʿuqūl'', vol. 5; p. 68.</ref>
Also, based on a narration from Prophet (s), the house of Fatima is considered the best example of the houses mentioned in verse 36 of Sura al-Noor; "In houses Allah has allowed to be raised and wherein His Name is celebrated; He is glorified therein, morning and evening".<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'' vol. 7, p. 227; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 23, p. 325; Majlisī, ''Mirʾāt al-ʿuqūl'', vol. 5; p. 68.</ref>


This house is one of the places where it is believed that Fatima(a) was buried.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 572; Ṭūsī, ''Tahdhīb al-aḥkām'', vol. 6, p. 9; Qāʾidān,''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 208.</ref>
This house is one of the places where it is believed that Fatima (a) was buried.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 572; Ṭūsī, ''Tahdhīb al-aḥkām'', vol. 6, p. 9; Qa'idan,''Tarikh wa athar-i Islami Makka wa Madina'', p. 208.</ref>


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
file:محراب فاطمه۲.jpg|A miḥrāb known as Miḥrāb of Fatima, which is located in the area of Fatima's house in the [[Prophet's Shrine]] section..
file:محراب فاطمه۲.jpg|A mihrab known as Mihrab of Fatima, which is located in the area of Fatima's house in the [[Prophet's Shrine]] section..
file: درب خانه فاطمه.jpg|A door known as the door of Fatima's house in [[Masjid al-Nabī]]  
file: درب خانه فاطمه.jpg|A door known as the door of Fatima's house in [[al-Masjid al-Nabawi]]  
</gallery>
</gallery>
==Notes==
==Notes==
{{Notes}}
{{Notes}}
==References==
==References==
{{References}}
{{References}}
*Ansārī, Nājī Muḥammad Ḥasan ʿabdu l-qādir al-. ''Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa masjid-i sharīf-i nabawī''. Translated by ʿAbdu l- Muḥammad, Āyatī, Tehran: Mashʿar, 1385 sh.
*Ansārī, Nājī Muḥammad Ḥasan ʿAbd l-Qādir al-. ''Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa-yi masjid-i sharīf-i Nabawī''. Translated by ʿAbd l-Muḥammad Āyatī, Tehran: Mashʿar, 1385Sh.
*Baṣīrī, ʿAlī Riḍā. ''Gulwāzhihāy-i ḥajj wa ʿumrah''.  Tehran: Mashʿar, 1387 sh.
*Baṣīrī, ʿAlī Riḍā. ''Gulwāzhihā-yi ḥajj wa ʿumra''.  Tehran: Mashʿar, 1387Sh.
*Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa''. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt, 1414 AH.
*Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa''. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt, 1414AH.
*Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa al-Masjid al-ḥarām wa al-Madīna al-sharīfa wa al-qabr al-sharīf''. Edited by al-ʿAdwī, Mecca: Maktabat al-tijārīyya Muṣṭafā Aḥmad al-Bāz. 1416 AH.
*Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa l-Masjid al-Ḥarām wa l-Madīna al-sharīfa wa l-qabr al-sharīf''. Edited by al-ʿAdwī, Mecca: Maktabat al-Tijārīyya Muṣṭafā Aḥmad al-Bāz, 1416AH.
*Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭā. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya,1410AH-1990.
*Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭāʾ. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1410/1990.
*Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl. ''Āthār-i islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1382 Sh.
*Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl. ''Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1382Sh.
*Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Rawḍa min al-kāfī''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Tehran: 1389 AH
*Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Rawḍa min al-kāfī''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Tehran: 1389AH.
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403AH.
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Mirʾāt al-ʿuqūl''. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Mirʾāt al-ʿuqūl''. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.
*Najmī, Muḥammad Ṣādiq. ''Tārīkh-i ḥarām-i aʾimma-yi Baqīʿ wa āthār-i digār dar madīna-yi munawwara''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386 Sh.
*Najmī, Muḥammad Ṣādiq. ''Tārīkh-i ḥarām-i Aʾimma-yi Baqīʿ wa āthār-i digār dar Madīna-yi munawwara''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386Sh.
*Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna''. 4th edition. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381 Sh
*Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna''. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381Sh.
*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Qom: Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1413 AH.
*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Qom: Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1413AH.
*Samhūdī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā''. Edited by Muḥammad Muḥyi al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: 1984.
*Samhūdī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā''. Edited by Muḥammad Muḥyi l-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: 1984.
*Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ‘’Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān’’. Edited by Muḥammad Jawād Balāghī. 3rd edition. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Nāṣir Khusraw, 1372 Sh.
*Ṭabrisī, al-Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Edited by Muḥammad Jawād Balāghī. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Nāṣir Khusruw, 1372Sh.
*Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Tahdhīb al-aḥkām''. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH.
*Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Tahdhīb al-aḥkām''. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407AH.
*wāʿiẓ khargūshī, ʿAbdu  l- Malik. ''Sharaf al- Muṣṭafā''. Mecca: Dār al-Bashāʾir, 1424 AH.
*Wāʿiẓ Khargūshī, ʿAbd al-Malik. ''Sharaf al- Muṣṭafā''. Mecca: Dār al-Bashāʾir, 1424AH.
{{end}}
{{end}}
[[fa:خانه فاطمه(س)]]
[[fa:خانه فاطمه(س)]]

Latest revision as of 10:43, 18 November 2024

Template:Px
A door known as the door of Fatima's house in al-Masjid al-Nabawi
General Information
Other NamesThe house of Imam Ali (a), the house of Ali (a) and Fatima (a)
PlaceMedina, al-Masjid al-Nabawi
Religious Aspect
Religious AffiliationShia
BeliefsThe possible burial place of Fatima (a)
History
Time of ConstructionEarly Islam
EventsAttack on Fatima's house

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Fatima's house or room, is the house where Lady Fatima (a), the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad (a), lived after marrying Imam 'Ali (a) and was located next to al-Masjid al-Nabawi and next to the house of the Prophet and 'A'isha. This house has been destroyed today and its current location is inside al-Masjid al-Nabawi and within the area of the Prophet's room and shrine.

In the historical sources, another house is also mentioned in Medina next to the al-Baqi' cemetery for Imam 'Ali (a). There is a different opinion about whether the events after the demise of the Prophet (s) took place in the house of Fatima (a) or in the house of Imam 'Ali (a).

Fatima's house in al-Masjid al-Nabawi is one of the possible burial places of Lady Fatima (a).

Location

The house of Fatima (a), which is also known as the house of Imam 'Ali (a), was located behind the house of the Prophet (a) (the house of 'A'isha).[1] Behind this house from the north direction, there was the pillar of Tahajjud[2] and next to that pillar there was the Mihrab of Tahajjud,[3] where Prophet Muhammad (a) used to spend the night in that place and pray at night, [4] and now it is the north side of the Prophet's (s).[5] If someone stands in the Mihrab of Tahjjaud, ‌‌Bab Jibra'il is on his left.[6] and the of Maqam Jibra'il is on his right.[7]

This house was destroyed and now there is no trace of it. Its current location is inside the Prophet's (a) room and shrine[8] the sum of these two is called the al-Hujra al-Tahira and its area is about 240 square meters.[9]

Doors

Fatima's house had two doors: a door to the east; that is to the alley, and a door to the west; That is, inside the mosque and parallel to the pillar of Wufud and Hars.[10] The door on the west side, which opens to the mosque, was located next to Maqam Jibra'il (Murba'at al-Qabr Pillar).[11]The door that is now known as the door of Fatima's house on the side of ‌‌Bab Jibra'il is the same door that opened to the alley.[12]

Demolition of Fatima's House and Addition to al-Masjid al-Nabawi

This house remained until the time of al-Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik, the 'Umayya caliph (Ruled: 86/705-96/714-5). In the expansion of al-Masjid al-Nabawi in the year 88/706-7 by the order of al-Walid and by 'Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz, the governor of Mecca and Medina at the time, al-Hasan al-Muthanna, the son of Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a), and Fatima, the daughter of Imam Husayn (a), who lived there were forced out of it and the house was destroyed and then the house joined to the mosque.[13]

Importance

According to a narration, the Prophet (s) went to the door of Fatima's house for forty days and put his hand on the frame of the door and said: "اَلسَّلامُ عَلَیکُم یا اهلَ الْبَیت peace be upon you, O Ahl al-Bayt (people of the house)" and then recited al-Tathir Verse.[14]

Sadd al-Abwab is also considered as one of the signs of importance of the house of Imam 'Ali and Fatima (a) and its residents. According to this narration, the Prophet (s) ordered all the doors of the houses that opened to the mosque to be closed, except for the house of 'Ali and Fatima (a).[15]

Also, based on a narration from Prophet (s), the house of Fatima is considered the best example of the houses mentioned in verse 36 of Sura al-Noor; "In houses Allah has allowed to be raised and wherein His Name is celebrated; He is glorified therein, morning and evening".[16]

This house is one of the places where it is believed that Fatima (a) was buried.[17]

Gallery

  • A mihrab known as Mihrab of Fatima, which is located in the area of Fatima's house in the Prophet's Shrine section..

    A mihrab known as Mihrab of Fatima, which is located in the area of Fatima's house in the Prophet's Shrine section..

  • A door known as the door of Fatima's house in al-Masjid al-Nabawi

    A door known as the door of Fatima's house in al-Masjid al-Nabawi

Notes

  1. ↑ Qāʾidān, Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 203; Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa l-Masjid al-Ḥarām, p. 270.
  2. ↑ Samhūdī, Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ, vol. 2, p. 47,58; Ansārī, Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa-yi masjid-i sharīf-i Nabawī, p. 81; Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa l-Masjid al-Ḥarām, p. 270.
  3. ↑ Samhūdī, Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ, vol. 2, p. 47.
  4. ↑ Samhūdī, Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ, vol. 2, p. 47.
  5. ↑ Jaʿfariyān, Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 219.
  6. ↑ Samhūdī, Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ, vol. 2, p. 47; Ansārī, Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa-yi masjid-i sharīf-i Nabawī, p. 81; Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa l-Masjid al-Ḥarām, p. 270.
  7. ↑ Jaʿfariyān, Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 228-229.
  8. ↑ Jaʿfariyān, Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 203,210; Baṣīrī, Gulwāzhihā-yi ḥajj wa ʿumra, p. 412.
  9. ↑ Jaʿfariyān, Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 219; Baṣīrī, Gulwāzhihā-yi ḥajj wa ʿumra, p. 412.
  10. ↑ Qāʾidān, Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 203; Najmī, Tārīkh-i ḥarām-i Aʾimma-yi Baqīʿ, p. 152.
  11. ↑ Ansārī, Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa-yi masjid-i sharīf-i Nabawī, p. 80,81; Samhūdī, Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ, vol. 2, p. 46,57.
  12. ↑ Qa'idan, Tarikh wa athar-i Islami Makka wa Madina, p. 203.
  13. ↑ Samhūdī, Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ, vol. 2, p. 89-90.
  14. ↑ Samhūdī, Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ, vol. 2, p. 46. Wāʿiẓ Khargūshī, Sharaf al- Muṣṭafā, vol. 2, p. 445.
  15. ↑ Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa, vol. 2, p. 205; Kulaynī, al-Rawḍa min al-kāfī, vol. 5, p. 340; Samhūdī, Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ, vol. 2, p. 63,67.
  16. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān vol. 7, p. 227; Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 23, p. 325; Majlisī, Mirʾāt al-ʿuqūl, vol. 5; p. 68.
  17. ↑ Ṣadūq, Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, vol. 2, p. 572; Ṭūsī, Tahdhīb al-aḥkām, vol. 6, p. 9; Qa'idan,Tarikh wa athar-i Islami Makka wa Madina, p. 208.

References

  • Ansārī, Nājī Muḥammad Ḥasan ʿAbd l-Qādir al-. Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa-yi masjid-i sharīf-i Nabawī. Translated by ʿAbd l-Muḥammad Āyatī, Tehran: Mashʿar, 1385Sh.
  • Baṣīrī, ʿAlī Riḍā. Gulwāzhihā-yi ḥajj wa ʿumra. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1387Sh.
  • Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt, 1414AH.
  • Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa l-Masjid al-Ḥarām wa l-Madīna al-sharīfa wa l-qabr al-sharīf. Edited by al-ʿAdwī, Mecca: Maktabat al-Tijārīyya Muṣṭafā Aḥmad al-Bāz, 1416AH.
  • Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭāʾ. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1410/1990.
  • Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl. Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1382Sh.
  • Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. Al-Rawḍa min al-kāfī. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Tehran: 1389AH.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Biḥār al-anwār. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403AH.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Mirʾāt al-ʿuqūl. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.
  • Najmī, Muḥammad Ṣādiq. Tārīkh-i ḥarām-i Aʾimma-yi Baqīʿ wa āthār-i digār dar Madīna-yi munawwara. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386Sh.
  • Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381Sh.
  • Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Qom: Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1413AH.
  • Samhūdī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā. Edited by Muḥammad Muḥyi l-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: 1984.
  • Ṭabrisī, al-Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Edited by Muḥammad Jawād Balāghī. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Nāṣir Khusruw, 1372Sh.
  • Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. Tahdhīb al-aḥkām. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407AH.
  • Wāʿiẓ Khargūshī, ʿAbd al-Malik. Sharaf al- Muṣṭafā. Mecca: Dār al-Bashāʾir, 1424AH.
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