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'''Fatima’s house or room''',  the house where [[lady Fatima(a)]], the daughter of the [[Prophet Muḥammad (a)]] lived after marrying Imām ʿAlī(a) and was located next to Masjid al-Nabī and next to [[the house of the Prophet and ʿĀʾisha]]. This house has been destroyed today and its current location is inside [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi|Masjid al-Nabī]] and within the area of the [[Prophet's(a) chamber]] and [[prophet's shrine|shrine]].


In the historical sources, another house is also mentioned in [[Medina]] next to the [[Baqīʿ cemetery]] for [[Imām ʿAlī(a)]]. There is a different opinion about whether the events after the death of the Prophet took place in the house of Fatima or in [[the second house of Imām ʿAlī(a)]].
'''Al_Mustajār''' (Arabic: المستجار) is a part of the western wall of the Ka'ba, approximately 2 meters in length, located between [[the Rukn al-Yamani]] and the second door of the [[Ka'ba]], which was sealed during the time of [[Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi]]. This section is at the back of the Ka'ba, directly opposite the current door of the Ka'ba.


Fatima's house in Masjid al-Nabī is one of the possible burial places of lady Fatima.
The meaning of the word Mustajār is 'refuge' or 'sanctuary.' This place is known for the acceptance of repentance and is recommended for supplication and prayer.
==Al- Mustajar and Al-Multazam==
Two places on the wall of the Ka'ba are introduced as places for the acceptance of supplications and repentance, and there are narrations about them:Al_Mustajar and [[Al_Multazam]].


==location==
It is usually said that Mustajār is at the back of the [[Ka'ba]] on the western side, encompassing the distance from the [[the Rukn al-Yamani]] to the sealed door of the Kaaba, and Multazam is on the eastern side, encompassing the distance from [[the Hajar al-Aswad]] to the current door of the Ka'ba.<ref>Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, " Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh", p. 99_101.</ref>  
The house of [[Fatima(a)]], which is also known as the house of Imām ʿAlī(a), was located behind the house of the Prophet(a) (the house of ʿĀʾisha).<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 203; Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, ''Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa al-Masjid al-ḥarām'', p. 270. </ref>
However, the narrations related to Multazam and Mustajar have been mixed together, and sometimes Mustajar and Multazam are considered two names for the same place. It is sometimes said that Shia Muslims consider [[al-Multazam]] and al-Mustajar to be the same, whereas Sunni Muslims consider them to be different, with Multazam being the area between [[the Hajar al-Aswad]] and the door of the Ka'ba.<ref>Qāʾidān, " Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna", p. 71.</ref>  
Behind this house from the north direction, there was the [[Tahajjud pillar]]<ref> Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'',  p. Vol. 2, P. 47,58; Ansārī, ''Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa masjid-i sharīf-i Nabawī'', p. 81;  Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, ''Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa al-Masjid al-ḥarām'', p. 270.</ref> and next to that column there was the [[Tahajjud Miḥrāb]],<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', p. Vol. 2, P. 47.</ref>  where [[Prophet Muḥammad (a)]] used to spend the night in that place and pray at night, <ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'',  p. Vol. 2, P. 47.</ref> and now it is the north side of the prophet's.<ref>Jaʿfariyān, ''Āthār-i islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 219.</ref> If someone stands in the Miḥrāb of Tahjjud, [[‌‌Bāb-i Gibraʾīl]] is on his left.<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'',  p. Vol. 2, P. 47; Ansārī, ''Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa masjid-i sharīf-i Nabawī'', p. 81; Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, ''Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa al-Masjid al-ḥarām'', p. 270.</ref> and the of [[Maqām-i Gibraʾīl]] is on his right.<ref>Jaʿfariyān, ''Āthār-i islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 228-229.</ref>
Some Shia scholars, based on the collections of narrations from [[the Ahl al-Bayt]] regarding the acts performed at Multazam and Mustajār, have concluded that these two are names for the same place, which is Mustajār.<ref>majlisī, ''Mirāʾat al-ʿUqūl'', vol. 9, p. 106.</ref>
 
In Sunni sources, there are also numerous narrations and reports that consider Multazam to be at the back of the Ka'ba (the same place as Mustajar).<ref>Naʿmatī, "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam" p. 84.</ref>
This house was destroyed and now there is no trace of it. Its current location is inside the [[Prophet's(a) chamber]] and [[prophet's shrine|shrine]]<ref>Jaʿfariyān, ''Āthār-i islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 203,210; Baṣīrī, ''Gulwāzhihāy-i  ḥajj wa ʿumrah'', p. 412.</ref> the sum of these two is called the Holy Chamber and its area is about 240 square meters.<ref>Jaʿfariyān, ''Āthār-i islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 219; Baṣīrī, ''Gulwāzhihāy-i ḥajj wa ʿumrah'', p. 412.</ref>
Despite all this, in most geographical sources on Mecca, Multazam and Mustajar are distinguished from each other.<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām'',vol. 1, p. 196; Mālikī, " Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 200_203; Sanjārī, "Manāʾih al-Karam", vol. 1, p. 307; Ibn Zahīra,''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf'', p. 47. </ref>
==Al_Mustajār and the Crack of the Ka'ba==


===The doors of the house===
Some consider Al_Mustajār to be the part of the wall of the [[Ka'ba]] that was split open to allow [[Fatimah bint Asad]], the mother of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), to enter the Kaaba for the birth of her son.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, "Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah", p. 178; Jaʿfariyān,''Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 97.</ref>
Fatima's house had two doors: a door to the east; that is to the alley, and a door to the west; That is, inside the mosque and parallel to the [[pillar of wufūd]] and [[pillar of Ḥirs|Ḥirs]].<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 203; Najmī, ''Tārīkh-i ḥarām-i aʾimma-yi Baqīʿ'', p. 152.</ref> The door on the west side, which opens to the mosque, was located next to [[Maqām-i Gibraʾīl]] ([[The square pillar of the tomb]]).<ref> Ansārī, Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa masjid-i sharīf-i nabawī, p. 80,81; Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 2, p. 46,57.</ref>The door that is now known as the door of Fatima's house on the side of [[‌‌Bāb-i Gibraʾīl]] is the same door that opened to the alley.<ref>Qāʾidān, Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna, p. 203.</ref>
==Demolition of Fatima's house and adding it to the mosque==
This house remained until the time of [[Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik]], the ʾUmayya caliph (R: 86-96 AH/705-714-5 AD). In the expansion of Masjid al-Nabī in the year 88 AH/706-7 AD by the order of Walīd and by the hand of [[ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAziz]], the governor of [[the Two Holy Mosques]] (87-93 AH/705-6 - 711-2 AD), [[Ḥasan al-Muthannā]], the son of [[Imam Ḥasan Mujtabā(a)]], and [[Fatima, the daughter of Imam Ḥusayn(a)]], who lived there were forced out of it and the house was destroyed and then the house joined to the mosque.<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', p. Vol. 2, P. 89-90.</ref>


Prophet's room
==The Supplication of Mustajār==
[[Main article:Prophet's room]]
In the rituals of [[Tawaf]], it is mentioned that: It is recommended for the pilgrim, in the last round of their [[Tawaf]], to place their face and hands on the wall, press their stomach and front against the wall of the [[Ka'ba]], and say:
The Prophet's(a) room, which is also known as the [[al-sharīfa room]], is the house where the Prophet and [[ʿĀʾisha]] lived. This room was next to Masjid al-Nabī and next to Fatima's house. [[Prophet Muḥammad (a)]] was buried in this house.
*أللَّهُمَّ الْبَيْتُ بَيْتُكَ وَالْعَبْدُ عَبْدُكَ وَهذا مَكانُ الْعائِذِ بِكَ مِنَ النَّار. "O Allah, this house is Your house, and this servant is Your servant, and this is the place of one who seeks refuge with You from the Fire."
The dignity of the house of Fatima
Then, they should confess their sins and seek forgiveness, and afterwards say:
According to a tradition, the Prophet (PBUH) used to come to the door of Fatimah’s house for forty days and put his hand on the door frame and say: “Peace be upon you, O people of the house; Peace be upon you, O Ahl al-Bayt” and then reads the verse of purification, which is about the purity of the Ahl al-Bayt from impurity. [14. Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ‘’Wafāʾ al-wafā. Vol.2 p46. wāʾiẓ khargūshī, ʿAbdu  l- Malik. Sharaf al- Muṣṭafā. Vol 2.p445]
*أللَّهُمَّ مِنْ قِبَلِكَ الرَّوْحُ وَالْفَرَجُ وَالْعافِيَةُ. أللَّهُمَّ إنَّ عَمَلِي ضَعيْفٌ فَضاعِفْهُ لِي وَاغْفِرْ لي مَا اطَّلَعْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنِّي وَخَفِيَ عَلى‏ خَلْقِكَ أسْتَجِيرُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ النَّار."O Allah, from You comes the spirit, relief, and well-being. O Allah, my deeds are weak, so multiply them for me and forgive me for what You have seen of me that is hidden from Your creation. I seek refuge with Allah from the Fire.
The narration of Sadwa al-Abab is also considered as one of the signs of the dignity of the house of Ali and Fatima (a.s.) and its residents. According to this narration, the Prophet (PBUH) ordered to close the doors of the houses that opened to the mosque, except the house of Ali (PBUH) and Fatima (PBUH).[15.Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ‘’Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa’vol 2.p205.’ Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ‘’Al-Rawḍa min al-kāfī’’vol 5p.340. Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ‘’Wafāʾ al-wafā  vol 2.p63,67]
Also, based on a narration from the Prophet (PBUH), the house of Fatima is considered the best example of the houses mentioned in verse 36 of Surah Noor; There are houses in which God’s name is mentioned and the glorification of God is said in the morning and in the evening.[16.*Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ‘’Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān’’vol7.p227 .Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ‘’Biḥār al-anwār’’.vol23.p325.Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ‘’Mir’āt al-‘uqūl’’vol5.p68]
This house is one of the places where it is believed that Hazrat Fatimah (PBUH) was buried.[17.Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ‘’Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh’’vol 2.p572 .Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ‘’Tahdhīb al-aḥkāmvol.6.p.9’’Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ‘’Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna p.208’’]


Then, after that, the person should make any supplications they wish, touch the Yemeni Corner (Rukn Yamani), come to [[the Hajar al-Aswad]], complete their Tawaf, and say:
*أللَّهُمَّ قَنِّعْنِي بِما رَزَقْتَني وَبارِكْ لِي فِيما آتَيْتَني‏ "O Allah, make me content with what You have provided me and bless me in what You have granted me.<ref>Khomeinī, "Manāsk Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd", p. 436.</ref>
==Notes==
==Notes==
{{Notes}}
{{Notes}}
==References==
==References==
{{References}}
{{References}}
*Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl. ‘’Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna’’. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1382 Sh.
*Fāsī, Taqī al-Dīn Muḥammad. ''Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi-Aḵbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām''. Edited by a committee of prominent scholars and literati. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, n.d.
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ‘’Biḥār al-anwār’’. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
*Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf''. Edited by ʿAlī ʿUmar. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīnīyya, 1423 AH.
*Najmī, Muḥammad Ṣādiq. ‘’Tārīkh-i ḥarām-i aʾimma-yi Baqīʿ wa āthār-i digār dar madīna-yi munawwara’’. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386 Sh.
*Jafarīān, Rasūl. *Āthār Islāmī Makkah wa Madīnah*. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1389 AH.
*Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ‘’Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa al-Masjid al-ḥarām wa al-Madīna al-sharīfa wa al-qabr al-sharīf’’. Edited by al-ʿAdwī, Mecca: Maktabat al-tijārīyya Muṣṭafā Aḥmad al-Bāz. 1416 AH.
*Khomeinī, Rūḥ Allāh. ''Manāsk-i Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1409 AH.
*Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ‘’Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna’’. 4th edition. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381 Sh
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Mir'āt al-'uqūl''. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.
*Ansārī, Nājī Muḥammad Ḥasan ʿabdu l-qādir al-. Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa masjid-i sharīf-i nabawī. Translated by ʿAbdu  l- Muḥammad, Āyatī, Tehran: Mashʿar, 1385 sh.
*Mālikī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām''. Makkah: Maktabat al-Asadī, 1424 AH.
*Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ‘’Tahdhīb al-aḥkām’’. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH.
*Naʿmatī, Muḥammad Rezā. "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam". Majallah Mīqāt-i Ḥajj, no. 43, Farvardīn 1382 SH.
*wāʾiẓ khargūshī, ʿAbdu  l- Malik. Sharaf al- Muṣṭafā. Mecca: Dār al-Bashāʾir, 1424 AH.
*Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''Tārīkh wa Āthār Islāmī Makkah Mukarramah wa Madīnah Munawwarah''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1400 AH.
*Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. ‘’Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā’’. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭā. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya,1410AH-1990.
*Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, Niʿmat Allāh. ''Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh''. Qom: Markaz Jahanī ʿUlūm Islāmī, 1386 AH.
*Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ‘’Al-Rawḍa min al-kāfī’’. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Tehran: 1389 AH
*Sanjārī, ʿAlī b. Tāj al-Dīn. ''Manāʾih al-Karam''. Makkah: Jāmiʿah Umm al-Qurā, 1419 AH.
 
*Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, Muḥammad Rezā. ''Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah''. Compiled by Rasūl Jafarīān. Qom: Nashr-i Mūrikh, 1386 AH.
*Baṣīrī, ʿAlī Riḍā. Gulwāzhihāy-i  ḥajj wa ʿumrah. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1387 sh.
{{end}}
*Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ‘’Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān’’. Edited by Muḥammad Jawād Balāghī. 3rd edition. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Nāṣir Khusraw, 1372 Sh.
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ‘’Mir’āt al-‘uqūl’’. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.
*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ‘’Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh’’. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Qom: Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1413 AH.
*Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ‘’Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa’’. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt, 1414 AH.
*Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ‘’Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā’’. Edited by Muḥammad Muḥyi al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: 1984.

Latest revision as of 11:30, 7 August 2024

Al_Mustajār (Arabic: المستجار) is a part of the western wall of the Ka'ba, approximately 2 meters in length, located between the Rukn al-Yamani and the second door of the Ka'ba, which was sealed during the time of Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi. This section is at the back of the Ka'ba, directly opposite the current door of the Ka'ba.

The meaning of the word Mustajār is 'refuge' or 'sanctuary.' This place is known for the acceptance of repentance and is recommended for supplication and prayer.

Al- Mustajar and Al-Multazam

Two places on the wall of the Ka'ba are introduced as places for the acceptance of supplications and repentance, and there are narrations about them:Al_Mustajar and Al_Multazam.

It is usually said that Mustajār is at the back of the Ka'ba on the western side, encompassing the distance from the the Rukn al-Yamani to the sealed door of the Kaaba, and Multazam is on the eastern side, encompassing the distance from the Hajar al-Aswad to the current door of the Ka'ba.[1] However, the narrations related to Multazam and Mustajar have been mixed together, and sometimes Mustajar and Multazam are considered two names for the same place. It is sometimes said that Shia Muslims consider al-Multazam and al-Mustajar to be the same, whereas Sunni Muslims consider them to be different, with Multazam being the area between the Hajar al-Aswad and the door of the Ka'ba.[2] Some Shia scholars, based on the collections of narrations from the Ahl al-Bayt regarding the acts performed at Multazam and Mustajār, have concluded that these two are names for the same place, which is Mustajār.[3] In Sunni sources, there are also numerous narrations and reports that consider Multazam to be at the back of the Ka'ba (the same place as Mustajar).[4] Despite all this, in most geographical sources on Mecca, Multazam and Mustajar are distinguished from each other.[5]

Al_Mustajār and the Crack of the Ka'ba

Some consider Al_Mustajār to be the part of the wall of the Ka'ba that was split open to allow Fatimah bint Asad, the mother of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), to enter the Kaaba for the birth of her son.[6]

The Supplication of Mustajār

In the rituals of Tawaf, it is mentioned that: It is recommended for the pilgrim, in the last round of their Tawaf, to place their face and hands on the wall, press their stomach and front against the wall of the Ka'ba, and say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ الْبَيْتُ بَيْتُكَ وَالْعَبْدُ عَبْدُكَ وَهذا مَكانُ الْعائِذِ بِكَ مِنَ النَّار. "O Allah, this house is Your house, and this servant is Your servant, and this is the place of one who seeks refuge with You from the Fire."

Then, they should confess their sins and seek forgiveness, and afterwards say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ مِنْ قِبَلِكَ الرَّوْحُ وَالْفَرَجُ وَالْعافِيَةُ. أللَّهُمَّ إنَّ عَمَلِي ضَعيْفٌ فَضاعِفْهُ لِي وَاغْفِرْ لي مَا اطَّلَعْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنِّي وَخَفِيَ عَلى‏ خَلْقِكَ أسْتَجِيرُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ النَّار."O Allah, from You comes the spirit, relief, and well-being. O Allah, my deeds are weak, so multiply them for me and forgive me for what You have seen of me that is hidden from Your creation. I seek refuge with Allah from the Fire.

Then, after that, the person should make any supplications they wish, touch the Yemeni Corner (Rukn Yamani), come to the Hajar al-Aswad, complete their Tawaf, and say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ قَنِّعْنِي بِما رَزَقْتَني وَبارِكْ لِي فِيما آتَيْتَني‏ "O Allah, make me content with what You have provided me and bless me in what You have granted me.[7]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, " Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh", p. 99_101.
  2. ↑ Qāʾidān, " Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna", p. 71.
  3. ↑ majlisī, Mirāʾat al-ʿUqūl, vol. 9, p. 106.
  4. ↑ Naʿmatī, "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam" p. 84.
  5. ↑ Fāsī al-Makkī, Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām,vol. 1, p. 196; Mālikī, " Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 200_203; Sanjārī, "Manāʾih al-Karam", vol. 1, p. 307; Ibn Zahīra,Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf, p. 47.
  6. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, "Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah", p. 178; Jaʿfariyān,Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 97.
  7. ↑ Khomeinī, "Manāsk Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd", p. 436.

References

  • Fāsī, Taqī al-Dīn Muḥammad. Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi-Aḵbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām. Edited by a committee of prominent scholars and literati. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, n.d.
  • Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf. Edited by ʿAlī ʿUmar. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīnīyya, 1423 AH.
  • Jafarīān, Rasūl. *Āthār Islāmī Makkah wa Madīnah*. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1389 AH.
  • Khomeinī, Rūḥ Allāh. Manāsk-i Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1409 AH.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Mir'āt al-'uqūl. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.
  • Mālikī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām. Makkah: Maktabat al-Asadī, 1424 AH.
  • Naʿmatī, Muḥammad Rezā. "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam". Majallah Mīqāt-i Ḥajj, no. 43, Farvardīn 1382 SH.
  • Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. Tārīkh wa Āthār Islāmī Makkah Mukarramah wa Madīnah Munawwarah. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1400 AH.
  • Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, Niʿmat Allāh. Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh. Qom: Markaz Jahanī ʿUlūm Islāmī, 1386 AH.
  • Sanjārī, ʿAlī b. Tāj al-Dīn. Manāʾih al-Karam. Makkah: Jāmiʿah Umm al-Qurā, 1419 AH.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, Muḥammad Rezā. Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah. Compiled by Rasūl Jafarīān. Qom: Nashr-i Mūrikh, 1386 AH.
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