Lady Khadija's House: Difference between revisions

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{{Building
| title =
| image = خانه حضرت خدیجه(س).jpg
| image size = 350px
| image link =
| image description =
| other names = Mawlid Fatima
| place = [[Mecca]], Zuqaq al-'Attarin
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| religious affiliation = [[Islam]], [[Shi'a]]
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| pilgrims =
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| founder =
| events = Revelation to the [[Prophet Muhammad(a)]], birth of Lady Fatima(a)
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| status = Destroyed
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'''The House of Lady Khadīja''', the Prophet’s wife, in [[Mecca]], was the house where the Prophet of Islam <small>(pbuh)</small> lived after marrying [[Khadija|Lady Khadīja]] until he migrated to [[Medina]]. This house was the birthplace of [[Fatima|Lady Fatima]](s) and other children of Khadīja(s) and many Meccan verses of the Quran were also revealed to the Prophet in that house and also Khadīja died in this house.
'''Lady Khadija's House''', (Arabic: {{ia|دار السيدة خديجة}}, Dār al-Sayyida Khadīja), in [[Mecca]], was the house where the Prophet(s) lived after marrying [[Lady Khadija]] until he migrated to [[Medina]]. This house was the [[Mawlid Fatima|birthplace of Lady Fatima(a)]] and other children of Khadija, and many [[Meccan verses]] of the [[Quran]] were also revealed to the Prophet(s) in that house, and also Khadija died in this house. Since the 6th/12th century, this place has been also known in sources as Lady Fatima's birthplace. Since then, there has been two domes in this house. One was called [[Qubbat al-Wahy]] and it was built on a room that was considered the place of worship of the Prophet(s) and the place where [[Gabriel]] descended on the Prophet. The other dome was built over a room that was said to be Lady Fatima's birthplace.
Since the 6th century, this place has been known in sources as the birthplace of Lady Fatima, the daughter of the Prophet. Since then, there were two domes in this house. One was called [[Qubbat al-Waḥy]] and it was built on a room that was considered the place of worship and the place where Gabriel descended on the Prophet. The other dome was built over a room that was said to be the place of worship of lady Fatima(s).


In the 14thAH/20th century AD, after House of Saʿūd conquered [[Mecca]], this house was destroyed and later a building for teaching the Quran was built in its place. During the demolition and excavation of this place with the aim of developing the Grand Mosque in 1410 AH, the remains of the old building of Khadija’s house were found under the soil. This place has disappeared today and its location is in the area of [[Masjid al-Ḥarām]].
In the 14th/20th century, after [[House of Saud]] conquered [[Mecca]], this house was destroyed and later a building for teaching the Quran was built in its place. During the demolition and excavation of this place to develop [[al-Masjid al-Haram]] in 1410/1989, the remains of the old building of Khadija's house were found under the soil. This place has disappeared today and its location is in the area of [[al-Masjid al-Haram]].


==location==
==Location==


Lady Khadīja’s house was in [[Mecca]]<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'' ,vol. 2, p. 78-87; Yamānī, ''Sayyida Khadīja bint khūwaylīd'', p. 94.</ref>and it was located in the vicinity of [[Abu Sufyan|Abu Sufyān]]'s house. <ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'' ,vol. 2, p. 199.</ref>
Lady Khadija's house was in Perfumers Alley (Zuqaq al-'Attarin), [[Mecca]].<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 2, p. 78-87; Yamani, ''Sayyida Khadija bint Khuwaylid'', p. 94.</ref> It was located in the vicinity of [[Abu Sufyan]]'s house.<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 2, p. 199.</ref>


This house was the place where the Prophet (pbuh) lived with [[Khadija|Lady Khadīja]]<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'' ,vol. 2, p. 199.</ref> and many Meccan verses of the Qur’an were revealed in this house.<ref>al-fāsī, al-Zuhūr al-muqattifa min tārīkh makka al-musharrifa, p. 99.</ref>[[Fatima|Lady Fatima]](s) and other children of Lady Khadīja were born in this house.<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'' ,vol. 2, p. 199.</ref> It is also reported that this house is the place of death of Hazrat Khadijah (pbuh) and the Prophet (pbuh) lived in this house after that until he migrated to Madinah.<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'' ,vol. 2, p. 199.</ref>
This house was the place where the Prophet(s) lived with [[Lady Khadija]]<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'' ,vol. 2, p. 199.</ref> and many [[Meccan verses]] of the Qur'an were revealed in this house.<ref>Fāsī, ''al-Zuhūr al-muqtaṭafa'', p. 99.</ref> [[Fatima(a)]] and other children of Lady Khadija were born in this house.<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'' ,vol. 2, p. 199.</ref> It is also reported that this house is the place of demise of Khadija. The Prophet(s) continued living in this house after that until he migrated to [[Medina]].<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'' ,vol. 2, p. 199.</ref>


==Names==
==Names==


This house became known as the Dār (house) of Lady Khadīja because of the residence of her and it was also known as the birthplace of [[Fatima|Lady Fatima]](s) because of the birth of lady Fatimah.<ref>al-fāsī, al-Zuhūr al-muqattifa min tārīkh makka al-musharrifa, p. 99.</ref>                   
This house became known as the Dar (house) of [[Lady Khadija]] because of her residence and it was also known as [[Lady Fatima]]'s birthplace because of the birth of Lady Fatima there.<ref>Fāsī, ''al-Zuhūr al-muqtaṭafa'', p. 99.</ref>                   


==The first descriptions of Khadīja’s house==
==First Descriptions==


According to ʿAbulwalīd Azraqī, a historian of the third century, this house was taken over by [[ʿAqīl b. Abī Ṭālib]] after the Prophet’s migration to [[Medina]]. [[Muʿāwīyah b. Abī Sufyān]] bought that house and turned it into a mosque and opened a door to it from his father Abū Sufyān’s house.<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 2, p. 199; Ibn Zahīra, ''al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf'', p. 286; Kurdī,''al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'', vol. 1, p. 289.</ref> This house was later called Dār [[Abī Sufyān]]<ref>Kurdī,''al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'', vol. 1, p. 289.</ref>Elsewhere, Azraqi says that the house was occupied by Mu'tab, the son of [[Abu Lahab]] and the Prophet's cousin, one of the staunch enemies of the Prophet (PBUH) after the migration of the Prophet (PBUH)<ref>Ibn Saʿd,''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''
According to Abu l-Walid al-Azraqi, a historian of the third/ninth century, this house was taken over by [['Aqil b. Abi Talib]] after the Prophet(s) migrated to [[Medina]]. [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]] bought the house and turned it into a mosque and opened a door to it from Abu Sufyan's house.<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 2, p. 199; Ibn Zahīra, ''al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf'', p. 286; Kurdī, ''al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'', vol. 1, p. 289.</ref> This house was later called Dar Abi Sufyan.<ref>Kurdī, ''al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'', vol. 1, p. 289.</ref> Elsewhere, al-Azraqi says that the house was occupied by Mu'attib, the son of [[Abu Lahab]], one of the stubborn enemies of the Prophet(s) after his migration,<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 4, p. 45.</ref> but the Prophet(s) did not claim the house after the [[conquest of Mecca]].<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 2, p. 245.</ref>
vol. 4, p. 45.</ref> and the Prophet did not claim the house after the [[conquest of Mecca]].<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 2, p. 245.</ref>


Ibn Jubir (d. 614 AH) mentioned this house in his travelogue at the end of the 6th century. This house had two domes at that time. One is a larger dome called the Dome of the Revelation, which was the place where the Prophet and Khadīja had lived, and the place where Gabriel descended on the Prophet, and the other is a small dome, where [[Lady Fatima]](s) was born.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, ''Safarnāma Ibn Jubayr'', p. 81-82.</ref>
Ibn Jubayr (d. 614/1217-8) mentioned this house in his travelogue at the end of the 6th/12th century. This house had two domes at the time. The larger dome was called the Dome of the Revelation, which was the place where the Prophet(s) used to worship, and the place where Gabriel descended on the Prophet(s), and the other is a small dome, where [[Lady Fatima(a)]] was born.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, ‘’Rihla Ibn Jubayr'', p. 81-82.</ref>


==Khadīja’s house in the 9th century==
==In the 9th/15th Century==


Taqī al-Dīn Fāsī (d. 832 AH), the historian of Mecca, gave a detailed description of the building of Khadīja’s house, or according to him “the birthplace of [[Fatima]], and pointed out that this house is considered virtuous by the people and they visit it.<ref>al-fāsī, al-Zuhūr al-muqattifa min tārīkh makka al-musharrifa, p. 99.</ref>
Taqi al-Din al-Fasi (d. 832/1428-9), the historian of Mecca, gave a detailed description of the building of Khadija's house, or according to him "[[Mawlid Fatima]]", and pointed out that this house is considered virtuous by the people and they visit it.<ref>Fāsī, ''al-Zuhūr al-muqtaṭafa'', p. 99.</ref>


fāsī says this place is more like a mosque because it has a portico with seven arches and eight columns. In the middle of the front wall there are three altars and in front of it is a portico with four arches and five columns. And between these two porches is a courtyard. The other part of the house includes rooms. One is the birthplace of [[Fatima]], the other is the [[Dome of Revelation|qubba al-waḥy]], and the third is the Mukhtabā.<ref>Fāsī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām'', vol. 1, p. 360.</ref> Some believe that these rooms are the same old area of the house that was in the time of the Prophet and the mosque was added to it later.<ref>fāsī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām'', vol .1 p.360.</ref> The shorter descriptions of other writers are also consistent with fāsī,’s description until the eleventh decade.<ref>Yamānī, ''Dār Sayyida Khadīja'', p. 48.</ref>
Al-Fasi says this place is more like a mosque because it has a portico with seven arches and eight columns. In the middle of the front wall are three altars; in front of it is a colonnade with four arches and five columns. The other part of the house is the rooms. One is Fatima's birthplace, the other is the [[Qubbat al-Wahy]].<ref>Fāsī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām'', vol. 1, p. 360.</ref> Some believe that these rooms are the old area house that was in the time of the Prophet(s) and the mosque was added to it later.<ref>Fāsī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām'', vol .1 p.360.</ref> The shorter descriptions of other writers are also consistent with al-Fasi's description until the eleventh/seventeenth century.<ref>Yamānī, ''Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint Khūwaylīd'', p. 48.</ref>


==Khadīja’s house in the 13th and 14th century==
==In the 13th/19th and 14th/20th century==
In a travelogue from the end of the period of [[Nāṣir al-Dīn Shah Qājār]] (R. 1313-1264 AH), it is mentioned in the description of the house of [[Lady Khadīja(s)]] that it had a marble floor, a dome was on the birthplace of [[Lady Fatima(s)]] and a room in it called the place of worship of the Prophet(pbuh) had  been famous.<ref> Mīqāt-i Ḥajj, Num. 63, p. 70.</ref>According to a report in 1265 A.H, in the place of Khadīja's house, a [[Takiyyah]] known as "Takiyyah al-Sayyida Fatima" was built for the use of the poor.<ref>Kurdī,''al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'', vol. 1, p. 289-290.</ref>  
In a travelogue from the end of the period of [[Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar]] (R. 1313-1264 AH), it is mentioned in the description of the house of [[Lady Khadija(s)]] that it had a marble floor, a dome was on Lady Fatima's birthplace and a room in it was called the place of the Prophet's worship.<ref> Miqat-i Hajj, Num. 63, p. 70.</ref> According to a report in 1265/1849, in the place of Khadija's house, a [[takiyyah]] known as "Takiyyah al-Sayyida Fatima" was built for the use of the poor.<ref>Kurdī, ''al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'', vol. 1, p. 289-290.</ref>  


==Destruction of the house==
==Destruction==


The Egyptian writer Muḥammad  Ḥusayn Haykal (d.1376 AH) visited the place of this house in 1354 AH. He writes: [[Wahhabis]] have destroyed the place of birth of lady Fatima(s) and now this place is an empty space and there is no trace of it. <ref>Haykal, Fī manzil al-waḥy, p. 227.</ref> . Muḥammad Luṭfī Jumʿa  also confirmed the destruction of the house in his travelogue.<ref>Luṭfī,''ayyām al-mabrūrra'', p. 78.</ref>
The Egyptian writer Mohammed Hussein Heikal (d. 1956) visited the place of this house in 1354/1936. He writes: [[Wahhabis]] have destroyed the birthplace of Lady Fatima(s) and now this place is an empty land and there is no trace of it.<ref>Haykal, ‘’Fī manzil al-waḥy’’, p. 227.</ref> Muhammad Lutfi Jum'a also confirms the destruction of the house in his travelogue.<ref>Lutfi,''ayyam al-mabrurra'', p. 78.</ref>


==The construction of a Quranic school in the place of the house==
==Construction of a School of the Quran==


In Jamādī al-Awwal 1370 AH, a building was built as a school for the memorization of the Holy Quran on the ground of lady Khadīja’s house.<ref> Yamānī, ''Dār Sayyida Khadīja'', p. 58.</ref> Muḥammad Ṭāhir Kurdī (d. 1400 AH) also mentioned this foundation.<ref>Kurdī,''al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'', vol. 1, p. 290.</ref>This mosque was built by Sayyid ʿAbbās Qattān and it was known as Sayyid ʿAbbās’s Madrisah in Dār [[Umm al-Mu'minīn]] Khadīja.<ref>Yamānī,Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint khūwaylīd, p. 58.</ref>
In Jumada I of 1370/1951, a building was built as a school of the Quran on the grounds of Lady Khadija's house.<ref>Yamānī, ''Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint Khūwaylīd'', p. 58.</ref> Muhammad Tahir al-Kurdi (d. 1400/1980) has mentioned the building as takiyya.<ref>Kurdī, ''al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'', vol. 1, p. 290.</ref> The building was constructed by Sayyid 'Abbas Qattan and it was known as al-Sayyid 'Abbas's School in Umm al-Mu'minin Khadija's House.<ref>Yamānī, ''Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint Khūwaylīd'', p. 58.</ref>


==Merging in Masjid al-Ḥarām==
==Merging with al-Masjid al-Haram==


At the end of the year 1410, the Quran memorizing building was destroyed to expand the spaces on the eastern side of the [[Masjid al-Ḥarām]]. During the demolition operation, they found the remains of old buildings and it turned out that the place where these historical works were found is the house of lady Khadīja(s).<ref>Yamānī, Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint khūwaylīd p. 60.</ref>Aḥmad Zakkī Yamānī, was present at the site during the construction operation and took pictures and maps of the remains of Khadīja's house and gave a report of his observations in his book Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint khūwaylīd. <ref>Yamānī, Dār [[Sayyida Khadīja bint khūwaylīd]] p. 93 onwards.</ref>
At the end of the year 1410/1989, the school of the Quran was destroyed for the eastern expansion of [[al-Masjid al-Haram]]. During the demolition operation, the remains of old building of Lady Khadija's house were excavated.<ref>Yamānī, ''Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint Khūwaylīd'', p. 60.</ref> Ahmad Zaki al-Yamani, was present at the site during the operation and took pictures and maps of the remains of Lady Khadija's house and gave a report of his observations in his book ''Dar Sayyida Khadija bint Khuwaylid''.<ref>Yamānī, ''Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint Khūwaylīd'', p. 93 onwards.</ref>
 
==Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
file:نقشه خانه حضرت خدیجه(س) 1.jpg|Location in the early Islam
file:نقشه خانه حضرت خدیجه(س) 4.JPG|After the latest expansion of the al-Masjid al-Haram
file:مدرسه حفظ قرآن کریم 1.jpg|Al-Sayyid 'Abbas's school
</gallery>
 
===Lady Khadijah's House Apearance During Destruction===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
file:تخریب مدرسه حفظ 1.jpg|
file:تخریب مدرسه حفظ 2.jpg
file:تخریب مدرسه حفظ 3.jpg
file:تصویر خانه حضرت خدیجه قبل از تخریب کامل 1.jpg
</gallery>


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{Notes}}
{{Notes}}
==references==
 
==References==
{{References}}
{{References}}
*ʿAbd al-Wahhāb Ibrāhīm Abū Solaymān .’’Al-Amākin al-mʾthūrah al-mutiwātirah fī makka al-mukarrama’’. London: Muʾssisa al-furqān li-Turāth, al-islāmī, 1431 AH.
* Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fī-hā min al-āthār''. Edited by Rushdī Ṣāliḥ Mulḥis. Beirut: 1403AH.
*Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār''. Edited by Rushdī Ṣāliḥ Mulḥis. Beirut: 1403 AH.
* Fāsī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Taqī al-. ''Al-Zuhūr al-muqtaṭafa min tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa''. Mecca: Maktaba Nazār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1418AH.
*Batanūnī, Muḥammad Labīb. ''Al-Raḥla al-ḥijaziyya''. Cairo: Al-Thiqāfat al-Dīniyya, [n.d].
* Fāsī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Taqī al-. ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi-akhbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām''. Mecca: Maktaba Nazār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1418AH.
*Al-Fāsī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-taqī. ''Al-Zuhūr al-muqattifa min tārīkh makka al-musharrifa''.edited by Muḥammad  Ḥusayn al-dhahabī, Mecca: Maktaba Nazār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1418 AH.
* Haykal, Muḥammad  Ḥusayn. ‘’Fī manzil al-waḥy’’. Cairo:  al-Hayʾat al-Miṣrīyya al-ʿĀmma li-l-Kitāb, 2010.
*Haykal, Muḥammad  Ḥusayn. ‘’Fī manzil al-waḥy’’. Cairo:  al-Hay’at al-Misriyya al-‘Amma li l-Kitab, 2010.
* Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ‘’Rihla Ibn Jubayr''. Beirut: Dār Maktabat al-Hilāl, 1986.
*Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, aw, al-raḥlāt al-ḥijāziyya wa al-ḥaj wa mashāʿirihi al-dīniyya''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d]
* Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1410/1990.  
*Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt * al-kubrā''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭā. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya,1410AH-1990.  
* Ibn Ẓahīra, Muḥammad. ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl Makka wa ahl-hā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf''. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thiqāfat al-Dīnīyya, 1423AH.
*Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf''. Edited by ʿAlī ʿUmar. Cairo: 1423AH:
* Kurdī, Muḥammad Ṭāhir. ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li-Makka wa Bayt Allāh al-karīm''. Beirut: Dār Khiḍr, 1420 AH.
*Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl. ''Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1382 Sh
* Yamānī, Aḥmad Zakī. ''Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint Khūwaylīd''. London: Muʾssisat al-Furqān li-l-Turāth al-Islāmī, 1434AH.
*Jaʿfarīyān, Rasūl. ''Panjāh safarnāma-yi ḥajj-i qajārī''. Tehran: Nashr-i ʿIlm, 1389 Sh.
{{end}}
*Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Safarnāma Ibn Jubayr''. Translated by Parwīz Atābakī. Mashhad: Intishārāt-i Āstān-i Quds-i Raḍawī, 1370 Sh.
*Jumʿa, Muḥammad Luṭfī .''Ayyām al-mabrūrra fī al-buqāʿ al-Muqaddasa''. Cairo: ʿālim al-kutub, 1998.
*Kurdī, Muḥammad Ṭāhir. ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm''. Beirut: 1420 AH.
*Maghribī, Muḥammad ʿAlī .Aʿlām al- ḥijāz fī al-qarn al-rābiʿ al-ʿashar. Jeddah: Tihāma, 1401 AH.
*Quarterly magazine of Mīqāt-i Ḥajj.  Tehran: Representation of the Leader in matters of Hajj and pilgrimage.
*Sulṭān Murād Mīrzā Ḥisām al-salṭana .’’Safarnāma makka’’. Edited by Rasūl Jaʿfarīyān, Tehran: Mashʿar, 1374 sh.
*Ṭabarī, ʿAlī b.ʿAbd al-Qādir. ''Al-Arj al-miskī fī al-tārīkh al-makkī''. Mecca: Maktabat al- tijārīyya, 1416 AH:
*Yamānī ,Aḥmad Zakkī.''Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint khūwaylīd fī makka al-mukarrama dirāsāt tārīkhīyya li-ddār wa maqiʿihā wa ʿimāratūha''. London: Muʾssisa al-furqān li-Turāth, al-islāmī, 1434 AH.


{{end}}
[[fa:خانه حضرت خدیجه(س)]]
[[ar:بيت السيدة خديجة(س)]]

Latest revision as of 08:37, 14 February 2024

Template:Px
General Information
Other NamesMawlid Fatima
PlaceMecca, Zuqaq al-'Attarin
Religious Aspect
Religious AffiliationIslam, Shi'a
History
EventsRevelation to the Prophet Muhammad(a), birth of Lady Fatima(a)
Current State
StatusDestroyed

Lady Khadija's House, (Arabic: دار السيدة خديجة, Dār al-Sayyida Khadīja), in Mecca, was the house where the Prophet(s) lived after marrying Lady Khadija until he migrated to Medina. This house was the birthplace of Lady Fatima(a) and other children of Khadija, and many Meccan verses of the Quran were also revealed to the Prophet(s) in that house, and also Khadija died in this house. Since the 6th/12th century, this place has been also known in sources as Lady Fatima's birthplace. Since then, there has been two domes in this house. One was called Qubbat al-Wahy and it was built on a room that was considered the place of worship of the Prophet(s) and the place where Gabriel descended on the Prophet. The other dome was built over a room that was said to be Lady Fatima's birthplace.

In the 14th/20th century, after House of Saud conquered Mecca, this house was destroyed and later a building for teaching the Quran was built in its place. During the demolition and excavation of this place to develop al-Masjid al-Haram in 1410/1989, the remains of the old building of Khadija's house were found under the soil. This place has disappeared today and its location is in the area of al-Masjid al-Haram.

Location

Lady Khadija's house was in Perfumers Alley (Zuqaq al-'Attarin), Mecca.[1] It was located in the vicinity of Abu Sufyan's house.[2]

This house was the place where the Prophet(s) lived with Lady Khadija[3] and many Meccan verses of the Qur'an were revealed in this house.[4] Fatima(a) and other children of Lady Khadija were born in this house.[5] It is also reported that this house is the place of demise of Khadija. The Prophet(s) continued living in this house after that until he migrated to Medina.[6]

Names

This house became known as the Dar (house) of Lady Khadija because of her residence and it was also known as Lady Fatima's birthplace because of the birth of Lady Fatima there.[7]

First Descriptions

According to Abu l-Walid al-Azraqi, a historian of the third/ninth century, this house was taken over by 'Aqil b. Abi Talib after the Prophet(s) migrated to Medina. Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan bought the house and turned it into a mosque and opened a door to it from Abu Sufyan's house.[8] This house was later called Dar Abi Sufyan.[9] Elsewhere, al-Azraqi says that the house was occupied by Mu'attib, the son of Abu Lahab, one of the stubborn enemies of the Prophet(s) after his migration,[10] but the Prophet(s) did not claim the house after the conquest of Mecca.[11]

Ibn Jubayr (d. 614/1217-8) mentioned this house in his travelogue at the end of the 6th/12th century. This house had two domes at the time. The larger dome was called the Dome of the Revelation, which was the place where the Prophet(s) used to worship, and the place where Gabriel descended on the Prophet(s), and the other is a small dome, where Lady Fatima(a) was born.[12]

In the 9th/15th Century

Taqi al-Din al-Fasi (d. 832/1428-9), the historian of Mecca, gave a detailed description of the building of Khadija's house, or according to him "Mawlid Fatima", and pointed out that this house is considered virtuous by the people and they visit it.[13]

Al-Fasi says this place is more like a mosque because it has a portico with seven arches and eight columns. In the middle of the front wall are three altars; in front of it is a colonnade with four arches and five columns. The other part of the house is the rooms. One is Fatima's birthplace, the other is the Qubbat al-Wahy.[14] Some believe that these rooms are the old area house that was in the time of the Prophet(s) and the mosque was added to it later.[15] The shorter descriptions of other writers are also consistent with al-Fasi's description until the eleventh/seventeenth century.[16]

In the 13th/19th and 14th/20th century

In a travelogue from the end of the period of Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar (R. 1313-1264 AH), it is mentioned in the description of the house of Lady Khadija(s) that it had a marble floor, a dome was on Lady Fatima's birthplace and a room in it was called the place of the Prophet's worship.[17] According to a report in 1265/1849, in the place of Khadija's house, a takiyyah known as "Takiyyah al-Sayyida Fatima" was built for the use of the poor.[18]

Destruction

The Egyptian writer Mohammed Hussein Heikal (d. 1956) visited the place of this house in 1354/1936. He writes: Wahhabis have destroyed the birthplace of Lady Fatima(s) and now this place is an empty land and there is no trace of it.[19] Muhammad Lutfi Jum'a also confirms the destruction of the house in his travelogue.[20]

Construction of a School of the Quran

In Jumada I of 1370/1951, a building was built as a school of the Quran on the grounds of Lady Khadija's house.[21] Muhammad Tahir al-Kurdi (d. 1400/1980) has mentioned the building as takiyya.[22] The building was constructed by Sayyid 'Abbas Qattan and it was known as al-Sayyid 'Abbas's School in Umm al-Mu'minin Khadija's House.[23]

Merging with al-Masjid al-Haram

At the end of the year 1410/1989, the school of the Quran was destroyed for the eastern expansion of al-Masjid al-Haram. During the demolition operation, the remains of old building of Lady Khadija's house were excavated.[24] Ahmad Zaki al-Yamani, was present at the site during the operation and took pictures and maps of the remains of Lady Khadija's house and gave a report of his observations in his book Dar Sayyida Khadija bint Khuwaylid.[25]

Gallery

  • Location in the early Islam

    Location in the early Islam

  • After the latest expansion of the al-Masjid al-Haram

    After the latest expansion of the al-Masjid al-Haram

  • Al-Sayyid 'Abbas's school

    Al-Sayyid 'Abbas's school

Lady Khadijah's House Apearance During Destruction

Notes

  1. ↑ Azraqī, Akhbār Makka, vol. 2, p. 78-87; Yamani, Sayyida Khadija bint Khuwaylid, p. 94.
  2. ↑ Azraqī, Akhbār Makka, vol. 2, p. 199.
  3. ↑ Azraqī, Akhbār Makka ,vol. 2, p. 199.
  4. ↑ Fāsī, al-Zuhūr al-muqtaṭafa, p. 99.
  5. ↑ Azraqī, Akhbār Makka ,vol. 2, p. 199.
  6. ↑ Azraqī, Akhbār Makka ,vol. 2, p. 199.
  7. ↑ Fāsī, al-Zuhūr al-muqtaṭafa, p. 99.
  8. ↑ Azraqī, Akhbār Makka, vol. 2, p. 199; Ibn Zahīra, al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf, p. 286; Kurdī, al-Tārīkh al-qawīm, vol. 1, p. 289.
  9. ↑ Kurdī, al-Tārīkh al-qawīm, vol. 1, p. 289.
  10. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 4, p. 45.
  11. ↑ Azraqī, Akhbār Makka, vol. 2, p. 245.
  12. ↑ Ibn Jubayr, ‘’Rihla Ibn Jubayr, p. 81-82.
  13. ↑ Fāsī, al-Zuhūr al-muqtaṭafa, p. 99.
  14. ↑ Fāsī, Shifāʾ al-gharām, vol. 1, p. 360.
  15. ↑ Fāsī, Shifāʾ al-gharām, vol .1 p.360.
  16. ↑ Yamānī, Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint Khūwaylīd, p. 48.
  17. ↑ Miqat-i Hajj, Num. 63, p. 70.
  18. ↑ Kurdī, al-Tārīkh al-qawīm, vol. 1, p. 289-290.
  19. ↑ Haykal, ‘’Fī manzil al-waḥy’’, p. 227.
  20. ↑ Lutfi,ayyam al-mabrurra, p. 78.
  21. ↑ Yamānī, Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint Khūwaylīd, p. 58.
  22. ↑ Kurdī, al-Tārīkh al-qawīm, vol. 1, p. 290.
  23. ↑ Yamānī, Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint Khūwaylīd, p. 58.
  24. ↑ Yamānī, Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint Khūwaylīd, p. 60.
  25. ↑ Yamānī, Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint Khūwaylīd, p. 93 onwards.

References

  • Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fī-hā min al-āthār. Edited by Rushdī Ṣāliḥ Mulḥis. Beirut: 1403AH.
  • Fāsī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Taqī al-. Al-Zuhūr al-muqtaṭafa min tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa. Mecca: Maktaba Nazār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1418AH.
  • Fāsī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Taqī al-. Shifāʾ al-gharām bi-akhbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām. Mecca: Maktaba Nazār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1418AH.
  • Haykal, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. ‘’Fī manzil al-waḥy’’. Cairo: al-Hayʾat al-Miṣrīyya al-ʿĀmma li-l-Kitāb, 2010.
  • Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ‘’Rihla Ibn Jubayr. Beirut: Dār Maktabat al-Hilāl, 1986.
  • Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ. Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1410/1990.
  • Ibn Ẓahīra, Muḥammad. Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl Makka wa ahl-hā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thiqāfat al-Dīnīyya, 1423AH.
  • Kurdī, Muḥammad Ṭāhir. Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li-Makka wa Bayt Allāh al-karīm. Beirut: Dār Khiḍr, 1420 AH.
  • Yamānī, Aḥmad Zakī. Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint Khūwaylīd. London: Muʾssisat al-Furqān li-l-Turāth al-Islāmī, 1434AH.
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