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{{Infobox natural phenomenon
{{Building
  | name = Mount Uhud
  | title = Mount Uhud
  | image = قله کوه احد.jpg
  | image =قله کوه احد.jpg
  | image_size =  
  | image size =
  | image_link =  
| image link =
  | alt =  
| image description =
  | caption =  
| other names = Dhu Aynayn
  | type = Mountain range
| place = [[Medina]]
  | other_names = Dhu Aynayn
| usage =
| religious affiliation = Islam
| beliefs =
| rituals =
| rulings =
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| time of construction =
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| events = The Battle of Uhud
| reconstructions =
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  | trustee =  
  | space =  
  | length = 6 to 7 kilometers
  | width = 1 to 3 kilometers
  | height = 1000 meters above sea level
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  | website =  
  | website =  
  | location = [[Medina]]
  | latitude =  
| length = 6 to 7 kilometers
| width = 1 to 3 kilometers
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| elevation = 1000 meters above sea level
| depth =
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| revered_by = Muslims
| mentioned_in = History of Islam
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| historical_events = [[Battle of Uhud]]
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| structures = [[Martyrs of Uhud Cemetery]]
  | longitude =  
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'''Mount Uhud''' is a mountain located north of [[Medina]], which was the site of the [[Battle of Uhud]]. Today, due to the expansion of the city of Medina, this mountain is located within the city. Its distance from [[Al-Masjid an-Nabawi]] is five and a half kilometers. Another name for Mount Uhud is Dhu Aynayn. Uhud is a mountain range and consists of numerous peaks. <br />In the third year of the Hijra, the Battle of Uhud took place on this mountain between Muslims and polytheists from [[Mecca]], and many Muslims were [[martyred]] in it. By the order of [[Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)]], some of the fallen in this battle, including [[Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib|Hamza]], the Prophet's uncle, were buried at the foot of Mount Uhud.
'''Mount Uhud''' is a mountain north of [[Medina]] and the site of [[the Battle of Uhud]]. Today, following the expansion of Medina, the mountain lies within the city. Its distance from [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi|Al-Masjid an-Nabawi]] is five and a half kilometers. Mount Uhud is also known as Dhu Aynayn. Uhud is a mountain range consisting of numerous peaks. <br />In 3 AH, the Battle of Uhud took place on this mountain between Muslims and polytheists from [[Mecca]], and many Muslims were [[martyred]] in it. On the [[Prophet Muhammad (s)|Prophet Muhammad (s)]]'s orders, some of the fallen in this battle, including [[Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib|Hamza]], the Prophet's uncle, were buried at the foot of Mount Uhud.


==Geographical Location==
==Geographical Location==
Uhud is the name of a mountain range in the northeast of [[Medina]]<ref>Mu'jam al-Buldan, vol. 1, p. 109; Wafa al-Wafa, vol. 3, p. 108.</ref> located five and a half kilometers from [[Al-Masjid an-Nabawi]].<ref>Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, p. 354.</ref> Before Islam, it was called Unqud (cluster).<ref>Tarikh al-Madinah, vol. 1, p. 85.</ref> The reason for the name Uhud (meaning "one" and "alone") has been attributed to its separation from other mountains or the support of the people of Medina for [[Tawhid]] (monotheism).<ref>Fath al-Bari, vol. 7, pp. 289-290; Wafa al-Wafa, vol. 3, p. 108; Sharh Usul al-Kafi, vol. 12, p. 447.</ref> Mount Uhud is also called Dhu Aynayn (possessor of two springs).<ref>Umdat al-Qari, vol. 17, p. 138; Al-Mawahib al-Ladunniyah, vol. 1, p. 240.</ref> At the foot of this mountain and at the entrance of the Uhud valley, there is the small mountain of [[Mount Aynayn|Aynayn]]; the same mountain on which, during the [[Battle of Uhud]], the Messenger of God positioned the archers.<ref>Al-Tabaqat, vol. 2, p. 30.</ref>  
Uhud is a mountain range northeast of [[Medina]]<ref>Mu'jam al-Buldan, vol. 1, p. 109; Wafa al-Wafa, vol. 3, p. 108.</ref> located five and a half kilometers from [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi|Al-Masjid an-Nabawi]].<ref>Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, p. 354.</ref> Before Islam, it was known as Unqud (cluster).<ref>Tarikh al-Madinah, vol. 1, p. 85.</ref> The name Uhud, meaning "one" or "alone," has been attributed either to its separation from the surrounding mountains or to the people of Medina's adherence to [[tawhid]] (monotheism)..<ref>Fath al-Bari, vol. 7, pp. 289-290; Wafa al-Wafa, vol. 3, p. 108; Sharh Usul al-Kafi, vol. 12, p. 447.</ref> Mount Uhud is also known as Dhu Aynayn (possessor of two springs).<ref>Umdat al-Qari, vol. 17, p. 138; Al-Mawahib al-Ladunniyah, vol. 1, p. 240.</ref> At the foot of the mountain, near the entrance to the Uhud valley, lies the small mountain of [[Aynayn]].It was on this mountain that the Prophet stationed the archers during the [[Battle of Uhud]].<ref>Al-Tabaqat, vol. 2, p. 30.</ref>  


The Uhud mountain range, with a length of six<ref>Athar al-Madinah, p. 193; Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madinah, p. 317.</ref> to seven<ref>Tarikh wa Athar Islami Makkah, p. 307.</ref> kilometers and a width of one to three kilometers, stretches from east to west and covers an area of 19 square kilometers.<ref>Tarikh wa Athar Islami Makkah, p. 307.</ref> Its elevation from the ground is 300 meters and from sea level is 1000 meters.<ref>Tarikh wa Athar Islami Makkah, p. 307.</ref> This mountain range is formed by massive rocks and various small and large peaks.<ref>Athar al-Madinah, p. 193.</ref> Its peaks are separated from each other like a cluster of grapes, appearing independent to the observer.<ref>Athar al-Madinah, p. 193.</ref> Most of the rocks of this mountain appear red.<ref>Mu'jam al-Buldan, vol. 1, p. 109; Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madinah, p. 317.</ref> Rocks of other colors are also seen there.<ref>Athar al-Madinah, p. 193.</ref>   
The Uhud range is six<ref>Athar al-Madinah, p. 193; Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madinah, p. 317.</ref> to seven<ref>Tarikh wa Athar Islami Makkah, p. 307.</ref> kilometers long and one to three kilometers wide, stretches from east to west and covers an area of 19 square kilometers.<ref>Tarikh wa Athar Islami Makkah, p. 307.</ref> It rises 300 meters above the surrounding terrain and reaches an elevation of 1,000 meters above sea level.<ref>Tarikh wa Athar Islami Makkah, p. 307.</ref> The range consists of massive rock formations and numerous peaks of varying sizes.<ref>Athar al-Madinah, p. 193.</ref>Its peaks are separated from one another like a cluster of grapes, giving the appearance of distinct mountains.<ref>Athar al-Madinah, p. 193.</ref> Most of the rocks on the mountain are reddish in color..<ref>Mu'jam al-Buldan, vol. 1, p. 109; Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madinah, p. 317.</ref> Rocks of other colors are also seen there.<ref>Athar al-Madinah, p. 193.</ref>   


Today, this mountain is located within the city. One can now reach Mount Uhud and the [[Martyrs of Uhud Cemetery|martyrs' shrine]] from the Prophet's Mosque via King Fahd bin Abdulaziz Highway. There is also a route from Sayyid al-Shuhada Street.<ref>Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, p. 354.</ref>  
Today, this mountain is located within the city. One can now reach Mount Uhud and the [[Martyrs of Uhud Cemetery|martyrs' shrine]] from the Prophet's Mosque via King Fahd bin Abdulaziz Highway. There is also a route from Sayyid al-Shuhada Street.<ref>Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, p. 354.</ref>


==Military Importance==
==Military Importance==
[[File:کوه احد. موقعیت.jpg|thumb|Geographical location of Mount Uhud in [[Medina]]]]
[[File:کوه احد. موقعیت.jpg|thumb|Geographical location of Mount Uhud in [[Medina]]]]
The city of [[Medina]] is situated amidst low, scattered hills and mountains, various farms and palm groves, and is surrounded by natural barriers on three sides. The eastern Harrah and western Harrah are to its east and west, and the palm groves are to its south.<ref>See: Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madinah, pp. 315-338; Atlas Tarikh Islam, p. 9.</ref> Thus, an invading military force can only enter the city from the north, from the northwest side of Mount Uhud, and then along its southern flank.<ref>Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madinah, pp. 315-338; Atlas Tarikh Islam, pp. 9-13.</ref>  
[[Medina]] is surrounded by low, scattered hills and mountains, cultivated lands, and palm groves and is surrounded by natural barriers on three sides. The eastern Harrah and western Harrah are to its east and west, and the palm groves are to its south.<ref>See: Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madinah, pp. 315-338; Atlas Tarikh Islam, p. 9.</ref> As a result, an invading army could approach the city only from the north, passing by the northwestern side of Mount Uhud and then along its southern flank.<ref>Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madinah, pp. 315-338; Atlas Tarikh Islam, pp. 9-13.</ref>  


During the [[Battle of the Trench]], the army of [[Quraysh]], which came from [[Mecca]] in the south towards Medina, had no choice but to pass through this area to enter the city. [[Muhammad|The Prophet of Islam (PBUH)]] established his command post and forces on the southern slope of Uhud, with their backs to the mountain and facing the city, such that if the enemy advanced towards the city, the Muslims would be behind them.<ref>See: Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, pp. 361-362.</ref>  
During [[the Battle of the Trench]], the [[Quraysh]] army, advancing from [[Mecca]] toward Medina, had to pass through this area in order to approach the city. [[Prophet Muhammad (s)|The Prophet of Islam (s)]] positioned his forces on the southern slope of Uhud, with the mountain behind them and [[Medina]] in front of them, so that any enemy advancing toward the city would have the Muslim forces behind it.<ref>See: Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, pp. 361-362.</ref>


==Virtue==
==Virtue==
Many reports regarding the virtues and importance of Mount Uhud are found in Islamic sources. According to [[Ibn Shabba]] (died 262 AH) in [[Tarikh al-Madinah (Ibn Shabba)|Tarikh al-Madinah]], when [[Prophet (PBUH)]] was returning to [[Medina]] from the [[Battle of Khaybar]], upon seeing Mount Uhud, he said: Uhud loves us, and we love it.<ref>Tarikh al-Madinah, vol. 1, p. 81.</ref> In another narration from him, it is stated: Uhud is at one of the gates of Paradise.<ref>Tarikh al-Madinah, vol. 1, pp. 82-84.</ref> Whenever you pass by it, eat from its plants and trees.<ref>Tarikh al-Madinah, vol. 1, p. 83.</ref>  
Islamic sources contain numerous reports concerning the virtues and significance of Mount Uhud. According to [[Ibn Shabba]] (died 262 AH) in [[Tarikh al-Madinah (Ibn Shabba)|Tarikh al-Madinah]], when the Prophet (s) was returning to [[Medina]] from the [[Battle of Khaybar]], upon seeing Mount Uhud, he said: Uhud loves us, and we love it.<ref>Tarikh al-Madinah, vol. 1, p. 81.</ref> In another narration from him, it is stated: Uhud is at one of the gates of Paradise.<ref>Tarikh al-Madinah, vol. 1, pp. 82-84.</ref> Whenever you pass by it, eat from its plants and trees.<ref>Tarikh al-Madinah, vol. 1, p. 83.</ref>


==Literary Usage==
==Literary Usage==
The Prophet (PBUH) designated Medina as a [[Haram (sacred precinct)|Haram]].<ref>Sahih al-Bukhari, vol. 2, p. 221; vol. 8, p. 10; Sahih Muslim, vol. 4, pp. 115-116, 217.</ref> The word Haram extends 12 miles, equivalent to four farsakhs, in every direction, and Mount Uhud is located within this boundary.<ref>Al-Musannaf, vol. 9, pp. 260-261; Fath al-Bari, vol. 4, pp. 72-73; Awn al-Ma'bud, vol. 6, p. 16.</ref> In Persian literature, the proverb "His back is to Mount Uhud" is an idiom for "having strong support."{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}} In narrations, Mount Uhud is used as a symbol for greatness and abundance; for example, "Whoever worships for two-thirds of the night will have a reward equivalent to the grains of sand in the desert, the least of which is a good deed ten times heavier than Mount Uhud."<ref>Amali, p. 368.</ref>
The Prophet (s) designated Medina as a [[Haram]] (sacred precinct).<ref>Sahih al-Bukhari, vol. 2, p. 221; vol. 8, p. 10; Sahih Muslim, vol. 4, pp. 115-116, 217.</ref> The Haram extends 12 miles, equivalent to four farsakhs, in every direction, and Mount Uhud is located within this boundary.<ref>Al-Musannaf, vol. 9, pp. 260-261; Fath al-Bari, vol. 4, pp. 72-73; Awn al-Ma'bud, vol. 6, p. 16.</ref> In Persian literature, the expression "having one's back to Mount Uhud" is used idiomatically to mean "having strong support". In narrations, Mount Uhud is used as a symbol for greatness and abundance; for example, "Whoever worships for two-thirds of the night will have a reward equivalent to the grains of sand in the desert, the least of which is a good deed ten times heavier than Mount Uhud."<ref>Amali, p. 368.</ref>


==Martyrs of Uhud Cemetery==
==Martyrs of Uhud Cemetery==
[[File:مقبره شهدای غزوه احد.jpg|thumb|Martyrs of the [[Battle of Uhud]] cemetery at the foot of Mount Uhud]]
[[File:مقبره شهدای غزوه احد.jpg|thumb|Martyrs of the [[Battle of Uhud]] cemetery at the foot of Mount Uhud]]
{{Main|Martyrs of Uhud Cemetery}}
{{Main|Martyrs of Uhud Cemetery}}
In the third year of Hijra, a fierce battle took place on the southern slope of this mountain between Muslims and the polytheists of [[Quraysh]], which was named the [[Battle of Uhud]]. In this battle, a number of Muslims were killed, and by the command of [[Prophet (PBUH)]], they were buried at the site of their martyrdom on the slopes of this very mountain,<ref>Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, vol. 2, pp. 60, 98; Tarikh al-Tabari, vol. 2, p. 499.</ref> and their shrine is still a place of pilgrimage for Muslims. According to some reports, before the Prophet's command, the bodies of some martyrs were buried in other locations, and it was not possible to return them to Uhud.<ref>Al-Maghazi, vol. 1, p. 312.</ref> The body of [[Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib|Hamza]], the Prophet's uncle, was buried on the slope of this mountain, in the place where his shrine is now located.<ref>Tarikh al-Madinah, vol. 1, p. 125.</ref>
In the 3 AH, a fierce battle was fought on the southern slope of the mountain between Muslims and the polytheists of [[Quraysh]], which was named the [[Battle of Uhud]]. In this battle, a number of Muslims were killed, and by the command of Prophet(s), they were buried at the places where they had been martyred on the slopes of the mountain,<ref>Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, vol. 2, pp. 60, 98; Tarikh al-Tabari, vol. 2, p. 499.</ref> and the site remains a place of pilgrimage for Muslims. According to some reports, before the Prophet's command, the bodies of some martyrs were buried in other locations, and it was not possible to return them to Uhud.<ref>Al-Maghazi, vol. 1, p. 312.</ref> The body of [[Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib|Hamza]], the Prophet's uncle, was buried on the slope of this mountain, in the place where his shrine is now located.<ref>Tarikh al-Madinah, vol. 1, p. 125.</ref>
[[File:مهراس - احد.png|thumb|Mihras basin in Mount Uhud]]
[[File:مهراس - احد.png|thumb|Mihras basin in Mount Uhud]]


==Mihras==
==Mihras==
Mihras is a stone basin on the ridge of Mount Uhud, from which, after the Battle of Uhud, [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali (AS)]] filled his shield with water and brought it to [[Prophet (PBUH)]] so that he could wash his bloodied face with it.<ref>Tarikh al-Tabari, vol. 2, p. 519; Wafa al-Wafa, vol. 4, p. 152.</ref>
Mihras is a stone basin located on the ridge of Mount Uhud. According to reports, after the Battle of Uhud, [[Imam Ali (a)]] filled his shield with water from it and brought the water to the Prophet (s), so that he could wash his bloodied face.<ref>Tarikh al-Tabari, vol. 2, p. 519; Wafa al-Wafa, vol. 4, p. 152.</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 74: Line 87:
* [[Martyrs of Uhud Cemetery]]
* [[Martyrs of Uhud Cemetery]]


==Footnotes==
==Notes==
{{Footnotes}}
{{Notes}}
 
==References==
==References==
{{References}}{{Encyclopedia
{{References}}{{Encyclopedia

Latest revision as of 22:25, 27 August 2026

Mount Uhud
Template:Px
General Information
Other NamesDhu Aynayn
PlaceMedina
Religious Aspect
Religious AffiliationIslam
History
EventsThe Battle of Uhud
Current State
Length6 to 7 kilometers
Width1 to 3 kilometers
Height1000 meters above sea level

Mount Uhud is a mountain north of Medina and the site of the Battle of Uhud. Today, following the expansion of Medina, the mountain lies within the city. Its distance from Al-Masjid an-Nabawi is five and a half kilometers. Mount Uhud is also known as Dhu Aynayn. Uhud is a mountain range consisting of numerous peaks.
In 3 AH, the Battle of Uhud took place on this mountain between Muslims and polytheists from Mecca, and many Muslims were martyred in it. On the Prophet Muhammad (s)'s orders, some of the fallen in this battle, including Hamza, the Prophet's uncle, were buried at the foot of Mount Uhud.

Geographical Location

Uhud is a mountain range northeast of Medina[1] located five and a half kilometers from Al-Masjid an-Nabawi.[2] Before Islam, it was known as Unqud (cluster).[3] The name Uhud, meaning "one" or "alone," has been attributed either to its separation from the surrounding mountains or to the people of Medina's adherence to tawhid (monotheism)..[4] Mount Uhud is also known as Dhu Aynayn (possessor of two springs).[5] At the foot of the mountain, near the entrance to the Uhud valley, lies the small mountain of Aynayn.It was on this mountain that the Prophet stationed the archers during the Battle of Uhud.[6]

The Uhud range is six[7] to seven[8] kilometers long and one to three kilometers wide, stretches from east to west and covers an area of 19 square kilometers.[9] It rises 300 meters above the surrounding terrain and reaches an elevation of 1,000 meters above sea level.[10] The range consists of massive rock formations and numerous peaks of varying sizes.[11]Its peaks are separated from one another like a cluster of grapes, giving the appearance of distinct mountains.[12] Most of the rocks on the mountain are reddish in color..[13] Rocks of other colors are also seen there.[14]

Today, this mountain is located within the city. One can now reach Mount Uhud and the martyrs' shrine from the Prophet's Mosque via King Fahd bin Abdulaziz Highway. There is also a route from Sayyid al-Shuhada Street.[15]

Military Importance

Geographical location of Mount Uhud in Medina

Medina is surrounded by low, scattered hills and mountains, cultivated lands, and palm groves and is surrounded by natural barriers on three sides. The eastern Harrah and western Harrah are to its east and west, and the palm groves are to its south.[16] As a result, an invading army could approach the city only from the north, passing by the northwestern side of Mount Uhud and then along its southern flank.[17]

During the Battle of the Trench, the Quraysh army, advancing from Mecca toward Medina, had to pass through this area in order to approach the city. The Prophet of Islam (s) positioned his forces on the southern slope of Uhud, with the mountain behind them and Medina in front of them, so that any enemy advancing toward the city would have the Muslim forces behind it.[18]

Virtue

Islamic sources contain numerous reports concerning the virtues and significance of Mount Uhud. According to Ibn Shabba (died 262 AH) in Tarikh al-Madinah, when the Prophet (s) was returning to Medina from the Battle of Khaybar, upon seeing Mount Uhud, he said: Uhud loves us, and we love it.[19] In another narration from him, it is stated: Uhud is at one of the gates of Paradise.[20] Whenever you pass by it, eat from its plants and trees.[21]

Literary Usage

The Prophet (s) designated Medina as a Haram (sacred precinct).[22] The Haram extends 12 miles, equivalent to four farsakhs, in every direction, and Mount Uhud is located within this boundary.[23] In Persian literature, the expression "having one's back to Mount Uhud" is used idiomatically to mean "having strong support". In narrations, Mount Uhud is used as a symbol for greatness and abundance; for example, "Whoever worships for two-thirds of the night will have a reward equivalent to the grains of sand in the desert, the least of which is a good deed ten times heavier than Mount Uhud."[24]

Martyrs of Uhud Cemetery

Martyrs of the Battle of Uhud cemetery at the foot of Mount Uhud
Main article: Martyrs of Uhud Cemetery

In the 3 AH, a fierce battle was fought on the southern slope of the mountain between Muslims and the polytheists of Quraysh, which was named the Battle of Uhud. In this battle, a number of Muslims were killed, and by the command of Prophet(s), they were buried at the places where they had been martyred on the slopes of the mountain,[25] and the site remains a place of pilgrimage for Muslims. According to some reports, before the Prophet's command, the bodies of some martyrs were buried in other locations, and it was not possible to return them to Uhud.[26] The body of Hamza, the Prophet's uncle, was buried on the slope of this mountain, in the place where his shrine is now located.[27]

Mihras basin in Mount Uhud

Mihras

Mihras is a stone basin located on the ridge of Mount Uhud. According to reports, after the Battle of Uhud, Imam Ali (a) filled his shield with water from it and brought the water to the Prophet (s), so that he could wash his bloodied face.[28]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Mu'jam al-Buldan, vol. 1, p. 109; Wafa al-Wafa, vol. 3, p. 108.
  2. ↑ Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, p. 354.
  3. ↑ Tarikh al-Madinah, vol. 1, p. 85.
  4. ↑ Fath al-Bari, vol. 7, pp. 289-290; Wafa al-Wafa, vol. 3, p. 108; Sharh Usul al-Kafi, vol. 12, p. 447.
  5. ↑ Umdat al-Qari, vol. 17, p. 138; Al-Mawahib al-Ladunniyah, vol. 1, p. 240.
  6. ↑ Al-Tabaqat, vol. 2, p. 30.
  7. ↑ Athar al-Madinah, p. 193; Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madinah, p. 317.
  8. ↑ Tarikh wa Athar Islami Makkah, p. 307.
  9. ↑ Tarikh wa Athar Islami Makkah, p. 307.
  10. ↑ Tarikh wa Athar Islami Makkah, p. 307.
  11. ↑ Athar al-Madinah, p. 193.
  12. ↑ Athar al-Madinah, p. 193.
  13. ↑ Mu'jam al-Buldan, vol. 1, p. 109; Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madinah, p. 317.
  14. ↑ Athar al-Madinah, p. 193.
  15. ↑ Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, p. 354.
  16. ↑ See: Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madinah, pp. 315-338; Atlas Tarikh Islam, p. 9.
  17. ↑ Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madinah, pp. 315-338; Atlas Tarikh Islam, pp. 9-13.
  18. ↑ See: Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, pp. 361-362.
  19. ↑ Tarikh al-Madinah, vol. 1, p. 81.
  20. ↑ Tarikh al-Madinah, vol. 1, pp. 82-84.
  21. ↑ Tarikh al-Madinah, vol. 1, p. 83.
  22. ↑ Sahih al-Bukhari, vol. 2, p. 221; vol. 8, p. 10; Sahih Muslim, vol. 4, pp. 115-116, 217.
  23. ↑ Al-Musannaf, vol. 9, pp. 260-261; Fath al-Bari, vol. 4, pp. 72-73; Awn al-Ma'bud, vol. 6, p. 16.
  24. ↑ Amali, p. 368.
  25. ↑ Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, vol. 2, pp. 60, 98; Tarikh al-Tabari, vol. 2, p. 499.
  26. ↑ Al-Maghazi, vol. 1, p. 312.
  27. ↑ Tarikh al-Madinah, vol. 1, p. 125.
  28. ↑ Tarikh al-Tabari, vol. 2, p. 519; Wafa al-Wafa, vol. 4, p. 152.

References

link={{{link}}} The main source: Encyclopedia of Hajj and the Two Holy Mosques entery: [{{{link}}} Mount Uhud].
  • Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina: Rasoul Ja'farian, Qom, Mash'ar, 1386 SH.
  • Athar al-Madinah al-Munawwarah: Abdul Quddus al-Ansari, Jeddah, Kitab al-Manhal, 1420 AH.
  • Al-Amali: Al-Saduq (d. 381 AH), Qom, Al-Ba'thah, 1417 AH.
  • Atlas of Islamic History: Sadegh Ayyinehvand, Madrasah, 1382 SH.
  • Imta' al-Asma: Al-Maqrizi (d. 845 AH), edited by Muhammad Abd al-Hamid, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1420 AH.
  • Ansab al-Ashraf: Al-Baladhuri (d. 279 AH), edited by Zakkar, Beirut, Dar al-Fikr, 1417 AH.
  • Al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya: Ibn Kathir (d. 774 AH), edited by Ali Shiri, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, 1408 AH.
  • Tarikh al-Islam wa Wafayat al-Mashahir: Al-Dhahabi (d. 748 AH), edited by Omar Abd al-Salam, Beirut, Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, 1410 AH.
  • Tarikh al-Tabari (Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk): Al-Tabari (d. 310 AH), edited by Muhammad Abu al-Fadl, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi.
  • Tarikh al-Madinah al-Munawwarah: Ibn Shabbah al-Numayri (d. 262 AH), edited by Shaltut, Qom, Dar al-Fikr, 1410 AH.
  • Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madinah al-Munawwarah: Ahmad Yasin al-Khiyari, Riyadh, Maktabat al-Malik Fahd, 1419 AH.
  • Tarikh wa Athar Islami Makkah al-Mukarramah wa Madinah al-Munawwarah: Asghar Qa'idan, Tehran, Mash'ar, 1386 SH.
  • Tafsir al-Tha'labi (Al-Kashf wa al-Bayan): Al-Tha'labi (d. 427 AH), edited by Ibn Ashur, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, 1422 AH.
  • Al-Tafsir al-Kabir: Al-Fakhr al-Razi (d. 606 AH), Qom, Daftar Tablighat, 1413 AH.
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