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The Mosque of Fash (Arabic: Masjid al-Fasḥ) is one of the ancient mosques in [[Medina]]. It is located in the southern part of [[Mount Uḥud]], connected to the mountain, and to the north of the [[Cemetery of the Martyrs of Uḥud]] and to the south of the [[Cave of Uḥud]], where people believe [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] entered. The Prophet’s (s) prayer during the [[Battle of Uḥud]] is mentioned in various early sources, and contemporary researchers believe the location of the prayer corresponds to the area of this mosque. In some sources, this mosque is referred to as "Masjid Uḥud." The structure of the mosque has been partially ruined in recent centuries.
The Madinan Sanctuary / The Prophet’s Mosque in Medina
Ḥaram Madanī is an area of the city of Medina in the Hijaz that, in Islam, holds sanctity and has special etiquettes and rulings.
This area extends from the east and west between the eastern lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Sharqiyya) and the western lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Gharbiyya), and from the north and south, from Mount Thawr to Mount ʿAyr.
The Madinan Sanctuary has rulings and etiquettes, such as the recommended act of performing ghusl and purification when entering it, and these are similar to the rulings and etiquettes of the Meccan Sanctuary.
Some have considered the reason for Medina being made a sanctuary to be the granting of protection to Medina and its inhabitants, while others have attributed it to the presence of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
==Boundaries==
The Madinan Sanctuary is an area within Medina in the Hijaz.
This sanctuary lies, from the east and west, between the eastern lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Sharqiyya) and the western lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Gharbiyya).(1) al-Kulaynī ,"al-Kāfī,",vol. 4,p. 564-565. ,,, ibn Ḥanbal ," Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal ",vol. 3,p. 23. ,,, al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. 113.
And according to one narration, it extends from the north and south, from Mount Thawr to Mount ‘Ayr.(2) al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. 115. ,,, al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī ",vol. 8,p. 10.  


==Name== 
In the narrations, other various expressions have also been mentioned for determining its northern and southern boundaries.(3) al-Kulaynī ,"al-Kāfī,",vol. 4,p. 564. ,,, al-Majlisī ,"Marāʾat al-ʿUqūl fī Sharḥ Akhbār Āl al-Rasūl ", vol. 18, p. 279. ,,, Najafī," Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām " ,vol. 20, p. 75. ,,, ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337.
**Masjid Fasḥ**, also known as "Fasīḥ," is referred to as "Masjid Uḥud" in some sources due to its proximity to Mount Uḥud.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%3A%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf&page=151 Masājid al-Athariyya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 151.]</ref> It is also called "Masjid al-Shiʿb" (the Mosque of the Valley).<ref>Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-Miʿmāra wa al-Tārīkh, Kaʿkī, vol. 2, p. 355.</ref>
==Why it became a Haram==
 
Various reasons have been mentioned for why the city of Medina was made a sanctuary (ḥaram).
[[ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Samhūdī]], a historian of the 9th century AH, reports that the name "Fasḥ" is believed to have been given because of the revelation of the "Fasḥ verse" (verse 11 of Surah al-Mujādila){{Note|"O you who have believed, when you are told, 'Make room in assemblies,' then make room; Allah will make room for you..."}} in this location, but he found no evidence to confirm this.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%3A%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%B3.pdf&page=204 Wafāʾ al-Wafā, al-Samhūdī, vol. 3, p. 204.]</ref>
Some of them are as follows:
 
• Providing protection to Medina and its inhabitants;(4) al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. .117-118  ,,, al-Bayhaqī ," al-Sunan al-Kubrā " ,vol. 5, p. 198. ,,, al-Ṭabarānī ,   " al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr " ,vol. 6, p. 92. ,,, ibn Ḥanbal ," Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal ",vol. 4, p. 55-56. ,,, al-Haythamī , “Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid " ,vol. 3, p. 306. ,,, al-Ṭūsī , "Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqnaʿah li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd ",vol. 10, p. 216.
== Location==
• Showing reverence to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him);
Masjid Fasḥ is located in the southern part of [[Mount Uḥud]], connected to the mountain.<ref name=":0">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%81_%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9.pdf&page=126 Al-Taʿrīf bimā ansat al-hijra, al-Muṭrī, p. 126.]</ref> It is situated to the north of the [[Cemetery of the Martyrs of Uḥud]] and to the south of the [[Cave of Uḥud]], where people believe [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] entered.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%3A%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf&page=154 Masājid al-Athariyya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 154.]</ref>
• The witnessing of divine lights by the Prophet (peace be upon him) within this area;
 
• The descent of the angels who guarded the Prophet (peace be upon him) in this area;
==The Prophet’s Prayer==
• The sanctity of the place where the Prophet (peace be upon him) is buried. [5] al-Samhūdī , "Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā ",vol. 1, p. 117-118.
The historical background of Masjid Fasḥ dates back to the early years of Islam. The prayer of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] during the [[Battle of Uḥud]] is mentioned in early sources.<ref>Al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya, Ibn Hishām, vol. 3, p. 604.</ref> According to a report in the history of Medina by [[Ibn Shabba]], the location of the Prophet’s prayer was a small mosque in the Uḥud region, to the right of the "Valley of Jarrār," adjacent to the mountain.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%3A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%87.pdf&page=57 Tārīkh Madīna Ibn Shabba, p. 57.]</ref> Some contemporary researchers believe the location of the prayer corresponds to the area of this mosque.<ref>Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-Miʿmāra wa al-Tārīkh, Kaʿkī, vol. 2, p. 362.</ref><ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf&page=155 Masājid al-Athariyya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 155.]</ref> 
==Etiquettes and Rules==
 
Main Article: Etiquettes of the Two Sanctuaries
==History of the Mosque’s Structure== 
According to Shia hadith sources, the Medina sanctuary has etiquettes and rulings similar to the Mecca sanctuary; such as the virtue of performing ghusl (ritual purification) and maintaining cleanliness upon entering Medina and when visiting the Prophet’s sanctuary (peace be upon him).
According to [[Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Muṭrī]] (d. 741 AH), the structure of the small mosque at the foot of Mount Uḥud had been destroyed by his time.<ref name=":0" /> Similar reports are found in other sources from the 9th<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%3A%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%B3.pdf&page=204 Wafāʾ al-Wafā, al-Samhūdī, vol. 3, p. 204.]; Maghānim al-Muṭāba, Fīrūzābādī, vol. 2, p. 289.</ref> and 10th centuries.<ref>Durar al-Farāʾid, al-Anṣārī, vol. 3, p. 1630.</ref> 
Some Sunni jurists have also issued rulings recommending ghusl upon entering the Medina sanctuary.(6) al-Ḥaskafī , "al-Durr al-Mukhtār " ,vol. 1, p. 184. ,,, al-Majmūʿ Sharḥ al-Muḥadhdhab ",vol. 8, p. 273. ,,, Fatḥ al-Wahhāb, vol. 1, p. 257.
 
In Shia narrations, regarding hunting and cutting trees, there are narrations permitting(7) al-Ḥumayrī ," Qurb al-Isnād ", p. 301.
A report from the 11th century AH mentions that the mosque had a width of approximately 18 cubits.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%3A%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1.pdf&page=163 ʿUmdat al-Akhbār, al-ʿAbbāsī, p. 163.]</ref> In the mid-14th century AH, the mosque had high walls but no roof, built during the Ottoman era.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%3A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%88_%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AB%D8%A7.pdf&page=192 Tārīkh Maʿālim al-Madīna Qadīman wa Ḥadīthan, p. 193.]</ref> According to a more recent report from 1418 AH, the walls of the mosque had been demolished, and only the southern wall, which contained the mihrab, remained relatively intact, standing at one and a half meters tall.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf&page=158 Masājid al-Athariyya, p. 185.]</ref> 
And narrations indicating non-permissibility.(8) ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337.
 
They indicate this. In narrations from the Sunni tradition, cutting the trees of the Haram Madani (the Sanctuary of Medina) has been deemed forbidden.(9) ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337.
Based on available images of Masjid Fasḥ, its current structure has been rebuilt as a rectangle with low stone walls. The walls are of uneven height, and a mihrab is located on the qibla wall. A canopy-like structure has been built over the mosque, and the interior is carpeted.<ref>Documentary images by users on [https://www.google.com/maps/place/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%AD%E2%80%AD/@24.5099944,39.6128596,3a,75y,90t/data=!3m8!1e2!3m6!1sAF1QipMByh_DDWYLOtNEm2uPJxtDdlLnIrsQY7KELBE-!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMByh_DDWYLOtNEm2uPJxtDdlLnIrsQY7KELBE-%3Dw203-h203-k-no!7i3024!8i3024!4m9!3m8!1s0x15bdbe7f9ec02dfb:0xe73388ab22cc24d3!8m2!3d24.5099944!4d39.6128596!10e5!14m1!1BCgIgARICGAI!16s%2Fg%2F12mb3_5ts?hl=fa&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDExNS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D Google Maps] and the website [https://welcomesaudi.com/activity/masjid-al-fasah-madinah Welcome Saudi].</ref>
Related topics
==Images of the Mosque== 
•The Two Sanctuaries (Haramayn)
 
•The Meccan Sanctuary (Haram Makki)
#### Current Condition of the Mosque 
<gallery>
File:مسجد فسح6.png|alt=
File:مسجد فسح7.png|alt=
File:مسجد فسح8.png|alt=
File:مسجد فسح 9.png|alt=
</gallery>
 
==Older Images of the Mosque== 
<gallery>
File:مسجد فسح1.png|alt=
File:مسجد فسح2.png|alt=
File:مسجد فسح3.jpg|alt=
File:مسجد فسح4.jpg|alt=
File:مسجد فسح5.jpg|alt=
</gallery>
==Notes==
==Notes==
{{Notes}}
{{Notes}}
==References==
==Reference==
{{References}}
{{ref}}
*Abū Zayd ʿUmar ibn Shabba. ''Tārīkh al-Madīna al-Munawwara''. Qom: Dār al-Fikr, 1368 SH.   
.Qawāʿid wa Khaṣāʾiṣ al-Ḥaramayn al-Makkī wa al-Madanī, ʿAlī Aḥmad Yaḥyā al-Qāʿidī. Beirut: al-Riyān, 1429 AH.
2. **Masājid al-Athariyya**, Muḥammad Ilyās ʿAbd al-Ghanī, Maṭābiʿ al-Rashīd, Medina, 2nd edition, 1419 AH.   
  .Tārīkh Makkah al-Musharrafah, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḍiyāʾ (d. 854 AH), edited by al-ʿAdawī. Makkah: Maktabat al-Tijārīyah Muṣṭafā Aḥmad al-Bāz, 1416 AH.
3. **Al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya**, Ibn Hishām al-Ḥimyarī, Maktabat Muḥammad ʿAlī Ṣabīḥ wa Awlādihi, Egypt, 1383–1963 CE.   
.Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqnaʿah li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan al-Ṭūsī (385–460 AH), edited by Sayyid Ḥasan Mūsawī Khorasān and ʿAlī Ākhundī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah, 1365 SH.
4. **Al-Taʿrīf bimā ansat al-hijra min maʿālim dār al-hijra**, Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Muṭrī, edited by Sulaymān al-Raḥīlī, Riyadh: Dārat al-Malik ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, 1426 AH.   
  .Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām, Muḥammad Ḥusayn Najafī (d. 1266 AH). Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.
5. **Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-Miʿmāra wa al-Tārīkh**, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Kaʿkī, Medina: Self-published, 2011 CE.   
.al-Durr al-Mukhtār, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Ḥaskafī (d. 1088 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH.
6. **Wafāʾ al-Wafā bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā**, ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Samhūdī, edited by Qāsim al-Sāmarrāʾī, London: Muʾassasat al-Furqān lil-Turāth al-Islāmī, 2001 CE.   
  .al-Sunan al-Kubrā, Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Bayhaqī (384–458 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1416 AH.
7. **Al-Maghānim al-Muṭāba fī Maʿālim Ṭāba**, Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb Fīrūzābādī, Riyadh: Dār al-Yamāma, 1389 AH.   
.Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Bukhārī (d. 256 AH), edited by ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Bāz. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1401 AH.
8. **Durar al-Farāʾid al-Munaẓẓama fī Akhbār al-Ḥājj wa Ṭarīq Makka al-Muʿaẓẓama**, ʿAbd al-Qādir ibn Muḥammad al-Anṣārī, Riyadh: Dār al-Yamāma, 1429 AH.   
.Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī (206–261 AH), edited by Muḥammad Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Bāqī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1419 AH.
9. **ʿUmdat al-Akhbār fī Madīnat al-Mukhtār**, Aḥmad al-ʿAbbāsī, edited by Muḥammad al-Ṭayyib al-Anṣārī, n.p., published by Asʿad Ṭarābuzūnī, n.d.
  .Qurb al-Isnād, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jaʿfar al-Ḥumayrī (d. 300 AH). Qom: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt li-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1413 AH.
.al-Kāfī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī (d. 329 AH), edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghafārī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah, 1375 SH.
  .Marāʾat al-ʿUqūl fī Sharḥ Akhbār Āl al-Rasūl, Muḥammad Bāqir al-Majlisī (1037–1110 AH), edited by Sayyid Hāshim Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah, 1363 SH.
.Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal (d. 241 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, n.d.
.Maʿānī al-Akhbār, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Bābawayh (al-Shaykh al-Ṣadūq) (311–381 AH), edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghafārī. Qom: Daftar Intishārāt Islāmī, 1361 SH.
  .Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid, ʿAlī ibn Abī Bakr al-Haythamī (d. 807 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1402 AH.
  .al-Majmūʿ Sharḥ al-Muḥadhdhab, Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf al-Nawawī (631–676 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
.al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr, Sulaymān ibn Aḥmad al-Ṭabarānī (260–360 AH), edited by Ḥamdī ʿAbd al-Majīd al-Salfī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1405 AH.
.Maʿjam mā Istaʿjam min Asmāʾ al-Bilād wa al-Mawāḍiʿ, ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Bakrī (d. 487 AH), edited by al-Suqāʾ. Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Kutub, 1403 AH.
  .Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā, ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Samhūdī (d. 911 AH), edited by Muḥammad Muḥyī al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah, 2006 CE.

Latest revision as of 15:01, 13 December 2025

The Madinan Sanctuary / The Prophet’s Mosque in Medina Ḥaram Madanī is an area of the city of Medina in the Hijaz that, in Islam, holds sanctity and has special etiquettes and rulings. This area extends from the east and west between the eastern lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Sharqiyya) and the western lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Gharbiyya), and from the north and south, from Mount Thawr to Mount ʿAyr. The Madinan Sanctuary has rulings and etiquettes, such as the recommended act of performing ghusl and purification when entering it, and these are similar to the rulings and etiquettes of the Meccan Sanctuary. Some have considered the reason for Medina being made a sanctuary to be the granting of protection to Medina and its inhabitants, while others have attributed it to the presence of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

Boundaries

The Madinan Sanctuary is an area within Medina in the Hijaz. This sanctuary lies, from the east and west, between the eastern lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Sharqiyya) and the western lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Gharbiyya).(1) al-Kulaynī ,"al-Kāfī,",vol. 4,p. 564-565. ,,, ibn Ḥanbal ," Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal ",vol. 3,p. 23. ,,, al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. 113. And according to one narration, it extends from the north and south, from Mount Thawr to Mount ‘Ayr.(2) al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. 115. ,,, al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī ",vol. 8,p. 10.

In the narrations, other various expressions have also been mentioned for determining its northern and southern boundaries.(3) al-Kulaynī ,"al-Kāfī,",vol. 4,p. 564. ,,, al-Majlisī ,"Marāʾat al-ʿUqūl fī Sharḥ Akhbār Āl al-Rasūl ", vol. 18, p. 279. ,,, Najafī," Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām " ,vol. 20, p. 75. ,,, ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337.

Why it became a Haram

Various reasons have been mentioned for why the city of Medina was made a sanctuary (ḥaram). Some of them are as follows: • Providing protection to Medina and its inhabitants;(4) al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. .117-118 ,,, al-Bayhaqī ," al-Sunan al-Kubrā " ,vol. 5, p. 198. ,,, al-Ṭabarānī , " al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr " ,vol. 6, p. 92. ,,, ibn Ḥanbal ," Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal ",vol. 4, p. 55-56. ,,, al-Haythamī , “Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid " ,vol. 3, p. 306. ,,, al-Ṭūsī , "Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqnaʿah li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd ",vol. 10, p. 216. • Showing reverence to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him); • The witnessing of divine lights by the Prophet (peace be upon him) within this area; • The descent of the angels who guarded the Prophet (peace be upon him) in this area; • The sanctity of the place where the Prophet (peace be upon him) is buried. [5] al-Samhūdī , "Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā ",vol. 1, p. 117-118.

Etiquettes and Rules

Main Article: Etiquettes of the Two Sanctuaries According to Shia hadith sources, the Medina sanctuary has etiquettes and rulings similar to the Mecca sanctuary; such as the virtue of performing ghusl (ritual purification) and maintaining cleanliness upon entering Medina and when visiting the Prophet’s sanctuary (peace be upon him). Some Sunni jurists have also issued rulings recommending ghusl upon entering the Medina sanctuary.(6) al-Ḥaskafī , "al-Durr al-Mukhtār " ,vol. 1, p. 184. ,,, al-Majmūʿ Sharḥ al-Muḥadhdhab ",vol. 8, p. 273. ,,, Fatḥ al-Wahhāb, vol. 1, p. 257. In Shia narrations, regarding hunting and cutting trees, there are narrations permitting(7) al-Ḥumayrī ," Qurb al-Isnād ", p. 301. And narrations indicating non-permissibility.(8) ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337. They indicate this. In narrations from the Sunni tradition, cutting the trees of the Haram Madani (the Sanctuary of Medina) has been deemed forbidden.(9) ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337. Related topics •The Two Sanctuaries (Haramayn) •The Meccan Sanctuary (Haram Makki)

Notes

Reference

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