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### Translation of the Text:
The Madinan Sanctuary / The Prophet’s Mosque in Medina
Ḥaram Madanī is an area of the city of Medina in the Hijaz that, in Islam, holds sanctity and has special etiquettes and rulings.
This area extends from the east and west between the eastern lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Sharqiyya) and the western lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Gharbiyya), and from the north and south, from Mount Thawr to Mount ʿAyr.
The Madinan Sanctuary has rulings and etiquettes, such as the recommended act of performing ghusl and purification when entering it, and these are similar to the rulings and etiquettes of the Meccan Sanctuary.
Some have considered the reason for Medina being made a sanctuary to be the granting of protection to Medina and its inhabitants, while others have attributed it to the presence of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
==Boundaries==
The Madinan Sanctuary is an area within Medina in the Hijaz.
This sanctuary lies, from the east and west, between the eastern lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Sharqiyya) and the western lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Gharbiyya).(1) al-Kulaynī ,"al-Kāfī,",vol. 4,p. 564-565. ,,, ibn Ḥanbal ," Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal ",vol. 3,p. 23. ,,, al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. 113.
And according to one narration, it extends from the north and south, from Mount Thawr to Mount ‘Ayr.(2) al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. 115. ,,, al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī ",vol. 8,p. 10.


**Masjid al-ʿUṣba (The Mosque of al-ʿUṣba)** 
In the narrations, other various expressions have also been mentioned for determining its northern and southern boundaries.(3) al-Kulaynī ,"al-Kāfī,",vol. 4,p. 564. ,,, al-Majlisī ,"Marāʾat al-ʿUqūl fī Sharḥ Akhbār Āl al-Rasūl ", vol. 18, p. 279. ,,, Najafī," Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām " ,vol. 20, p. 75. ,,, ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337.
Masjid al-ʿUṣba is an ancient mosque in [[Medina]], also known as Masjid al-Tawba (the Mosque of Repentance). It is located to the west of [[Masjid Quba]] in an area filled with farms and water wells. The structure of the mosque consists of a roofless square, approximately 11 meters in length and width, with stone walls about one meter high. It is reported that [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] prayed within the vicinity of this mosque.
==Why it became a Haram==
 
Various reasons have been mentioned for why the city of Medina was made a sanctuary (ḥaram).
---
Some of them are as follows:
 
• Providing protection to Medina and its inhabitants;(4) al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. .117-118  ,,, al-Bayhaqī ," al-Sunan al-Kubrā " ,vol. 5, p. 198. ,,, al-Ṭabarānī ,  " al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr " ,vol. 6, p. 92. ,,, ibn Ḥanbal ," Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal ",vol. 4, p. 55-56. ,,, al-Haythamī , “Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid " ,vol. 3, p. 306. ,,, al-Ṭūsī , "Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqnaʿah li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd ",vol. 10, p. 216.
### Prayer of the Prophet (s)
• Showing reverence to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him);
Historical sources mention that [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] prayed at Masjid al-Tawba in ʿUṣba, near the [[Well of Hujaym]].<ref name=":2">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aالتعریف_بما_انست_الهجرة.pdf&page=217 Al-Taʿrīf bimā ansat al-hijra, al-Muṭrī, p. 217.]</ref> 
• The witnessing of divine lights by the Prophet (peace be upon him) within this area;
 
• The descent of the angels who guarded the Prophet (peace be upon him) in this area;
---
• The sanctity of the place where the Prophet (peace be upon him) is buried. [5] al-Samhūdī , "Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā ",vol. 1, p. 117-118.
 
==Etiquettes and Rules==
### Location and Name of the Mosque 
Main Article: Etiquettes of the Two Sanctuaries
Masjid al-ʿUṣba derives its name from its location in the village of ʿUṣba. ʿUṣba is an area to the west of [[Masjid Quba]]<ref name=":0">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aمساجد_الاثریه.pdf&page=123 Masājid al-Athariyya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 123.]</ref> and was known for its farms and water wells.<ref name=":2" /> It was also referred to as the fortress or stronghold of ʿUṣba.<ref>Al-Maghānim al-Muṭāba fī Maʿālim Ṭāba, Fīrūzābādī, p. 265.</ref> This is the place where a group of migrants from Mecca stayed upon arriving in Quba before the arrival of the Prophet (s).<ref name=":1" />
According to Shia hadith sources, the Medina sanctuary has etiquettes and rulings similar to the Mecca sanctuary; such as the virtue of performing ghusl (ritual purification) and maintaining cleanliness upon entering Medina and when visiting the Prophet’s sanctuary (peace be upon him).
 
Some Sunni jurists have also issued rulings recommending ghusl upon entering the Medina sanctuary.(6) al-Ḥaskafī , "al-Durr al-Mukhtār " ,vol. 1, p. 184. ,,, al-Majmūʿ Sharḥ al-Muḥadhdhab ",vol. 8, p. 273. ,,, Fatḥ al-Wahhāb, vol. 1, p. 257.
In geographical sources about Medina, the name Masjid al-ʿUṣba is not mentioned; however, Masjid al-Tawba in ʿUṣba, near the [[Well of Hujaym]], is referenced.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> [[ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Samhūdī]], a historian of Medina in the 8th century AH, explicitly stated that the reason for the name Masjid al-Tawba is unknown.<ref name=":3">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aوفاء_الوفاء_سمهودی_ج۳.pdf&page=248 Wafāʾ al-Wafā, al-Samhūdī, vol. 3, p. 248.]</ref> This area was inhabited by the Banī Jaḥjaba tribe, and for this reason, some have also called this mosque Masjid Banī Jaḥjaba.<ref>Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-Māḍī wa al-Ḥāḍir, part 4, vol. 3, p. 228.</ref>
In Shia narrations, regarding hunting and cutting trees, there are narrations permitting(7) al-Ḥumayrī ," Qurb al-Isnād ", p. 301.
 
And narrations indicating non-permissibility.(8) ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337.
Some researchers of Medina’s history have identified this mosque with Masjid al-Nūr (the Mosque of Light), which was one of the mosques near Quba.<ref name=":4">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_معالم_المدینه_المنوره_قدیما_و_حدیثا.pdf&page=209 Tārīkh Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara Qadīman wa Ḥadīthan, p. 209]; [https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aالمدینه_بین_الماضی_و_الحاضر.pdf&page=302 Al-Madīna bayn al-Māḍī wa al-Ḥāḍir, p. 302]</ref> However, early sources do not equate these two mosques.<ref name=":0" />
They indicate this. In narrations from the Sunni tradition, cutting the trees of the Haram Madani (the Sanctuary of Medina) has been deemed forbidden.(9) ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337.
 
Related topics
Reports from the 15th century AH/20th century CE indicate that the mosque was located in the garden of Ibrāhīm al-Turkī, which was called Bustān al-ʿUṣba.<ref name=":4" /> 
•The Two Sanctuaries (Haramayn)
 
•The Meccan Sanctuary (Haram Makki)
---
==Notes==
 
{{Notes}}
### History of the Mosque  
==Reference==
There is no precise information about the construction date of the mosque. Some speculate that it was built during the rule of [[ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz]] over Medina.<ref>Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-Māḍī wa al-Ḥāḍir, part 4, vol. 3, p. 228.</ref> There is no trace of this mosque in the 8th and 9th centuries AH, as noted by [[Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Muṭrī]] (d. 741 AH) and [[ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Samhūdī]] (d. 911 AH) in their discussions of mosques that are no longer known.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Muḥammad Kabrīt al-Madanī (1012–1070 AH) also confirmed in the 11th century that there was no trace of this mosque.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aالجواهر_الثمیة_فی_محاسن_المدینة.pdf&page=157 Al-Jawāhir al-Thamīna fī Maḥāsin al-Madīna, p. 157]</ref> Aḥmad al-ʿAbbāsī (d. 11th century AH) mentioned the remains of the mosque near the [[Well of Hujaym]].<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده:عمده_الاخبار_فی_مدینه_المختار.pdf&page=180 ʿUmdat al-Akhbār, p. 175]</ref>
{{ref}}
 
  .Qawāʿid wa Khaṣāʾiṣ al-Ḥaramayn al-Makkī wa al-Madanī, ʿAlī Aḥmad Yaḥyā al-Qāʿidī. Beirut: al-Riyān, 1429 AH.
#### The Current Structure  
.Tārīkh Makkah al-Musharrafah, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḍiyāʾ (d. 854 AH), edited by al-ʿAdawī. Makkah: Maktabat al-Tijārīyah Muṣṭafā Aḥmad al-Bāz, 1416 AH.
Today, the mosque consists of a roofless square, approximately 11 meters in length and width, with stone walls about one meter high, showing traces of whitewashing.<ref name=":1">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده:مساجد_الاثریه.pdf&page=124 Masājid al-Athariyya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 124.]; Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-Miʿmāra wa al-Tārīkh, part 4, vol. 3, pp. 229–230.</ref> 
.Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqnaʿah li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan al-Ṭūsī (385–460 AH), edited by Sayyid Ḥasan Mūsawī Khorasān and ʿAlī Ākhundī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah, 1365 SH.
 
  .Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām, Muḥammad Ḥusayn Najafī (d. 1266 AH). Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.
---
  .al-Durr al-Mukhtār, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Ḥaskafī (d. 1088 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH.
 
.al-Sunan al-Kubrā, Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Bayhaqī (384–458 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1416 AH.
### Historical Images of the Mosque  
.Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Bukhārī (d. 256 AH), edited by ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Bāz. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1401 AH.
<gallery>
.Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī (206–261 AH), edited by Muḥammad Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Bāqī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1419 AH.
File:یقغ.jpg|alt=
.Qurb al-Isnād, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jaʿfar al-Ḥumayrī (d. 300 AH). Qom: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt li-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1413 AH.
File:2024-08-28 09 53 42-7126 طريق الملك عبدالله الفرعي، العصبة المدينة المنورة 42318 2363 طريق الملك عبد.png|alt=
.al-Kāfī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī (d. 329 AH), edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghafārī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah, 1375 SH.
File:عصبهه.jpg|alt=
.Marāʾat al-ʿUqūl fī Sharḥ Akhbār Āl al-Rasūl, Muḥammad Bāqir al-Majlisī (1037–1110 AH), edited by Sayyid Hāshim Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah, 1363 SH.
File:2024-08-28 09 58 21-7126 طريق الملك عبدالله الفرعي، العصبة المدينة المنورة 42318 2363 طريق الملك عبد.png|alt=
  .Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal (d. 241 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, n.d.
File:2024-08-28 09 59 35-7126 طريق الملك عبدالله الفرعي، العصبة المدينة المنورة 42318 2363 طريق الملك عبد.png|alt=
.Maʿānī al-Akhbār, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Bābawayh (al-Shaykh al-Ṣadūq) (311–381 AH), edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghafārī. Qom: Daftar Intishārāt Islāmī, 1361 SH.
File:2024-08-28 09 59 48-7126 طريق الملك عبدالله الفرعي، العصبة المدينة المنورة 42318 2363 طريق الملك عبد.png|alt=
  .Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid, ʿAlī ibn Abī Bakr al-Haythamī (d. 807 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1402 AH.
File:2024-08-29 08 10 12-معالم المدینه المنوره ۴-۳.pdf - Profile 1 - Microsoft​ Edge.png|Existence of a roofed area in 1413 AH/1993 CE
  .al-Majmūʿ Sharḥ al-Muḥadhdhab, Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf al-Nawawī (631–676 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
</gallery>
  .al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr, Sulaymān ibn Aḥmad al-Ṭabarānī (260–360 AH), edited by Ḥamdī ʿAbd al-Majīd al-Salfī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1405 AH.
 
  .Maʿjam mā Istaʿjam min Asmāʾ al-Bilād wa al-Mawāḍiʿ, ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Bakrī (d. 487 AH), edited by al-Suqāʾ. Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Kutub, 1403 AH.
---
  .Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā, ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Samhūdī (d. 911 AH), edited by Muḥammad Muḥyī al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah, 2006 CE.
 
### Images of the Mosque’s Current Condition 
<gallery>
File:2024-08-29 07 52 39-Google Maps.png|alt=|Renovation of the mosque’s walls
File:مسجد العصبة الهُجَيم.jpg|alt=|Changes in the surrounding environment
File:2024-08-29 07 48 17-Google Maps.png|alt=
File:2024-08-29 07 50 36-Google Maps.png|alt=|Reconstruction of the mosque’s entrance
File:2024-08-29 07 50 54-Google Maps.png|alt=|Construction of a perimeter wall around the mosque
File:2024-08-29 07 49 17-Google Maps.png|alt=
File:2024-08-29 07 16 07-Google Maps.png|alt=
File:2024-08-29 07 52 09-Google Maps.png|alt=
</gallery>
 
 
 
1. **Al-Jawāhir al-Thamīna fī Maʿālim al-Madīna**, Muḥammad Kabrīt al-Ḥusaynī al-Madanī, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1997 CE.   
2. **ʿUmdat al-Akhbār fī Madīnat al-Mukhtār**, Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-ʿAbbāsī, edited by Muḥammad Ṭayyib al-Anṣārī, published by Asʿad Ṭarābuzūnī, Cairo, n.d.   
3. **Al-Maghānim al-Muṭāba fī Maʿālim Ṭāba**, Fīrūzābādī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb, and Jāssir, Ḥamd. Riyadh - Saudi Arabia: Dār al-Yamāma lil-Baḥth wa al-Tarjama wa al-Nashr, 1389–1969.   
4. **Masājid al-Athariyya**, Muḥammad Ilyās ʿAbd al-Ghanī, Maṭābiʿ al-Rashīd, Medina, 2nd edition, 1419 AH.   
5. **Al-Taʿrīf bimā ansat al-hijra min maʿālim dār al-hijra**, Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Muṭrī, edited by Sulaymān al-Raḥīlī, Riyadh: Dārat al-Malik ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, 1426 AH.   
6. **Al-Madīna bayn al-Māḍī wa al-Ḥāḍir**, Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAlī al-ʿAyyāshī, 1972 CE. 
7. **Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-Miʿmāra wa al-Tārīkh**, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Kaʿkī, part 4, Beirut, 2011.   
8. **Wafāʾ al-Wafā bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā**, ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Samhūdī, edited by Qāsim al-Sāmarrāʾī, London: Muʾassasat al-Furqān lil-Turāth al-Islāmī, 2001 CE.

Latest revision as of 15:01, 13 December 2025

The Madinan Sanctuary / The Prophet’s Mosque in Medina Ḥaram Madanī is an area of the city of Medina in the Hijaz that, in Islam, holds sanctity and has special etiquettes and rulings. This area extends from the east and west between the eastern lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Sharqiyya) and the western lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Gharbiyya), and from the north and south, from Mount Thawr to Mount ʿAyr. The Madinan Sanctuary has rulings and etiquettes, such as the recommended act of performing ghusl and purification when entering it, and these are similar to the rulings and etiquettes of the Meccan Sanctuary. Some have considered the reason for Medina being made a sanctuary to be the granting of protection to Medina and its inhabitants, while others have attributed it to the presence of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

Boundaries

The Madinan Sanctuary is an area within Medina in the Hijaz. This sanctuary lies, from the east and west, between the eastern lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Sharqiyya) and the western lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Gharbiyya).(1) al-Kulaynī ,"al-Kāfī,",vol. 4,p. 564-565. ,,, ibn Ḥanbal ," Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal ",vol. 3,p. 23. ,,, al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. 113. And according to one narration, it extends from the north and south, from Mount Thawr to Mount ‘Ayr.(2) al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. 115. ,,, al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī ",vol. 8,p. 10.

In the narrations, other various expressions have also been mentioned for determining its northern and southern boundaries.(3) al-Kulaynī ,"al-Kāfī,",vol. 4,p. 564. ,,, al-Majlisī ,"Marāʾat al-ʿUqūl fī Sharḥ Akhbār Āl al-Rasūl ", vol. 18, p. 279. ,,, Najafī," Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām " ,vol. 20, p. 75. ,,, ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337.

Why it became a Haram

Various reasons have been mentioned for why the city of Medina was made a sanctuary (ḥaram). Some of them are as follows: • Providing protection to Medina and its inhabitants;(4) al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. .117-118 ,,, al-Bayhaqī ," al-Sunan al-Kubrā " ,vol. 5, p. 198. ,,, al-Ṭabarānī , " al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr " ,vol. 6, p. 92. ,,, ibn Ḥanbal ," Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal ",vol. 4, p. 55-56. ,,, al-Haythamī , “Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid " ,vol. 3, p. 306. ,,, al-Ṭūsī , "Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqnaʿah li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd ",vol. 10, p. 216. • Showing reverence to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him); • The witnessing of divine lights by the Prophet (peace be upon him) within this area; • The descent of the angels who guarded the Prophet (peace be upon him) in this area; • The sanctity of the place where the Prophet (peace be upon him) is buried. [5] al-Samhūdī , "Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā ",vol. 1, p. 117-118.

Etiquettes and Rules

Main Article: Etiquettes of the Two Sanctuaries According to Shia hadith sources, the Medina sanctuary has etiquettes and rulings similar to the Mecca sanctuary; such as the virtue of performing ghusl (ritual purification) and maintaining cleanliness upon entering Medina and when visiting the Prophet’s sanctuary (peace be upon him). Some Sunni jurists have also issued rulings recommending ghusl upon entering the Medina sanctuary.(6) al-Ḥaskafī , "al-Durr al-Mukhtār " ,vol. 1, p. 184. ,,, al-Majmūʿ Sharḥ al-Muḥadhdhab ",vol. 8, p. 273. ,,, Fatḥ al-Wahhāb, vol. 1, p. 257. In Shia narrations, regarding hunting and cutting trees, there are narrations permitting(7) al-Ḥumayrī ," Qurb al-Isnād ", p. 301. And narrations indicating non-permissibility.(8) ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337. They indicate this. In narrations from the Sunni tradition, cutting the trees of the Haram Madani (the Sanctuary of Medina) has been deemed forbidden.(9) ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337. Related topics •The Two Sanctuaries (Haramayn) •The Meccan Sanctuary (Haram Makki)

Notes

Reference

.Qawāʿid wa Khaṣāʾiṣ al-Ḥaramayn al-Makkī wa al-Madanī, ʿAlī Aḥmad Yaḥyā al-Qāʿidī. Beirut: al-Riyān, 1429 AH.
.Tārīkh Makkah al-Musharrafah, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḍiyāʾ (d. 854 AH), edited by al-ʿAdawī. Makkah: Maktabat al-Tijārīyah Muṣṭafā Aḥmad al-Bāz, 1416 AH.
.Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqnaʿah li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan al-Ṭūsī (385–460 AH), edited by Sayyid Ḥasan Mūsawī Khorasān and ʿAlī Ākhundī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah, 1365 SH.
.Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām, Muḥammad Ḥusayn Najafī (d. 1266 AH). Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.
.al-Durr al-Mukhtār, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Ḥaskafī (d. 1088 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH.
.al-Sunan al-Kubrā, Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Bayhaqī (384–458 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1416 AH.
.Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Bukhārī (d. 256 AH), edited by ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Bāz. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1401 AH.
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