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"Gutter of the Ka'ba"
The Madinan Sanctuary / The Prophet’s Mosque in Medina
"Gutter of the Ka'ba" (in Arabic: ميزاب الكعبة) is a channel on the northern wall of the [[Ka'ba]] for draining rainwater from its roof. The gutter is located on the side of [[Hijr Isma'il|Hijr Ismail]]. The [[Quraysh]] were the first to build this gutter during the construction of the Ka'ba. This gutter has been reconstructed during various reigns.
Ḥaram Madanī is an area of the city of Medina in the Hijaz that, in Islam, holds sanctity and has special etiquettes and rulings.
This area extends from the east and west between the eastern lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Sharqiyya) and the western lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Gharbiyya), and from the north and south, from Mount Thawr to Mount ʿAyr.
The Madinan Sanctuary has rulings and etiquettes, such as the recommended act of performing ghusl and purification when entering it, and these are similar to the rulings and etiquettes of the Meccan Sanctuary.
Some have considered the reason for Medina being made a sanctuary to be the granting of protection to Medina and its inhabitants, while others have attributed it to the presence of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
==Boundaries==
The Madinan Sanctuary is an area within Medina in the Hijaz.
This sanctuary lies, from the east and west, between the eastern lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Sharqiyya) and the western lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Gharbiyya).(1) al-Kulaynī ,"al-Kāfī,",vol. 4,p. 564-565. ,,, ibn Ḥanbal ," Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal ",vol. 3,p. 23. ,,, al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. 113.
And according to one narration, it extends from the north and south, from Mount Thawr to Mount ‘Ayr.(2) al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. 115. ,,, al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī ",vol. 8,p. 10.  


Furthermore, in the sayings of the infallibles, the Gutter of the Ka'ba is introduced as a blessed place and a site of worship for the prophets and the Ahl al-Bayt. In Persian literature, poets such as Lari and Khaqani have composed poems about this gutter.
In the narrations, other various expressions have also been mentioned for determining its northern and southern boundaries.(3) al-Kulaynī ,"al-Kāfī,",vol. 4,p. 564. ,,, al-Majlisī ,"Marāʾat al-ʿUqūl fī Sharḥ Akhbār Āl al-Rasūl ", vol. 18, p. 279. ,,, Najafī," Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām " ,vol. 20, p. 75. ,,, ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337.
 
==Why it became a Haram==
==Location==
Various reasons have been mentioned for why the city of Medina was made a sanctuary (ḥaram).
 
Some of them are as follows:
The location of the Gutter of the Ka'ba is on its eastern side, where the rainwater from the roof of the Ka'ba flows into the [[Hijr Isma'il|Hijr Ismail]]. The Gutter of the Kaaba is installed on the northern side, on the roof of the Ka'ba, and directs rainwater into the Hijr Ismail.<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār'', vol. 1, p. 291.</ref>(1)
• Providing protection to Medina and its inhabitants;(4) al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. .117-118  ,,, al-Bayhaqī ," al-Sunan al-Kubrā " ,vol. 5, p. 198. ,,, al-Ṭabarānī ,  " al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr " ,vol. 6, p. 92. ,,, ibn Ḥanbal ," Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal ",vol. 4, p. 55-56. ,,, al-Haythamī , “Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid " ,vol. 3, p. 306. ,,, al-Ṭūsī , "Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqnaʿah li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd ",vol. 10, p. 216.
**Word**
• Showing reverence to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him);
 
• The witnessing of divine lights by the Prophet (peace be upon him) within this area;
"Mizab" in Arabic means "gutter," and some believe that "mizab" has a Persian origin from the word "marzab," meaning a water channel or drainage.(2) Zubaydī, "Tāj al-ʿurūs min Jawāhir al-Qāmūs", vol. 1, p. 302.
• The descent of the angels who guarded the Prophet (peace be upon him) in this area;
This gutter is also known by the names "Mizab al-Dhahab" (Golden Gutter).(3) Ghaffārī, "Rāhnemā-ye Haramayn Sharīfayn", vol. 1, p. 178.
• The sanctity of the place where the Prophet (peace be upon him) is buried. [5] al-Samhūdī , "Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā ",vol. 1, p. 117-118.
and "Mizab al-Rahma" (Gutter of Mercy).(4) Batnūnī, "Al-Riḥlah al-Ḥijāziyyah", p. 105. , Khalīlī, "Mawsūʿat al-ʿAtābāt al-Muqaddasah", vol. 2, p. 236.
==Etiquettes and Rules==
is well known.
Main Article: Etiquettes of the Two Sanctuaries
History
According to Shia hadith sources, the Medina sanctuary has etiquettes and rulings similar to the Mecca sanctuary; such as the virtue of performing ghusl (ritual purification) and maintaining cleanliness upon entering Medina and when visiting the Prophet’s sanctuary (peace be upon him).
 
Some Sunni jurists have also issued rulings recommending ghusl upon entering the Medina sanctuary.(6) al-Ḥaskafī , "al-Durr al-Mukhtār " ,vol. 1, p. 184. ,,, al-Majmūʿ Sharḥ al-Muḥadhdhab ",vol. 8, p. 273. ,,, Fatḥ al-Wahhāb, vol. 1, p. 257.
The Gutter of the Kaaba has been replaced multiple times throughout history. The Kaaba built by Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) (peace be upon him) did not have a roof.(5) ʿĀmilī, " Wasāʾil al-Shīʿah", vol. 13, p. 211 /214.
In Shia narrations, regarding hunting and cutting trees, there are narrations permitting(7) al-Ḥumayrī ," Qurb al-Isnād ", p. 301.
Therefore, it did not require a gutter. Later, Qusayy ibn Kilab built a wooden roof for the Kaaba but did not include a gutter for the roof. The Quraysh, who constructed the first sturdy roof for the Kaaba, also created a place for the rainwater to flow, directing the water into the Hijr Ismail.(6) ) Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār'',vol. 1, p. 164.
And narrations indicating non-permissibility.(8) ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337.
"According to Mohammad Taher Kordi in the book 'Tareekh al-Qawim'(7) Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 4, p. 167- 169.
They indicate this. In narrations from the Sunni tradition, cutting the trees of the Haram Madani (the Sanctuary of Medina) has been deemed forbidden.(9) ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337.
The history of the reconstruction of the Gutter of the Kaaba is as follows:
Related topics
Here is the history of the reconstruction of the Gutter of the Kaaba:
•The Two Sanctuaries (Haramayn)
 
•The Meccan Sanctuary (Haram Makki)
- In the year 64 AH, Ibn Zubayr reconstructed the Kaaba and installed a gutter for it.
==Notes==
- Additional details include:
{{Notes}}
  - Hajjaj ibn Yusuf made a gutter from brass for the roof of the Kaaba.
==Reference==
  - Walid ibn Abd al-Malik plated a page with gold on this gutter.
{{ref}}
  - Reconstruction of the mizab in 539 AH by Ramshat, who was the builder of Ramshat Ribat in Mecca.
.Qawāʿid wa Khaṣāʾiṣ al-Ḥaramayn al-Makkī wa al-Madanī, ʿAlī Aḥmad Yaḥyā al-Qāʿidī. Beirut: al-Riyān, 1429 AH.
  - Replacement of the gutter ordered by Caliph al-Muqtadir in 541 AH.
.Tārīkh Makkah al-Musharrafah, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḍiyāʾ (d. 854 AH), edited by al-ʿAdawī. Makkah: Maktabat al-Tijārīyah Muṣṭafā Aḥmad al-Bāz, 1416 AH.
  - According to reports, Rameshah, one of the dignitaries of Mecca, ruled Mecca from 701 to 746 AH and also constructed a gutter for the Kaaba.
  .Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqnaʿah li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan al-Ṭūsī (385–460 AH), edited by Sayyid Ḥasan Mūsawī Khorasān and ʿAlī Ākhundī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah, 1365 SH.
  - Nasser al-Din Allah also constructed a gutter for the Kaaba in 781 AH, said to be made of wood and decorated with silver.
.Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām, Muḥammad Ḥusayn Najafī (d. 1266 AH). Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.
  - In 959 AH, Sultan Sulaiman Qanooni installed a silver gutter on the Kaaba.
.al-Durr al-Mukhtār, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Ḥaskafī (d. 1088 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH.
  - In 962 AH, it was replaced with a gold gutter.
.al-Sunan al-Kubrā, Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Bayhaqī (384–458 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1416 AH.
  - In 1021 AH, Sultan Ahmed decorated it with gold and turquoise.
.Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Bukhārī (d. 256 AH), edited by ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Bāz. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1401 AH.
In 1273 AH, Sultan Abdul Majid constructed a gutter made of pure gold. This gutter, which used approximately 50 pounds of gold, remained on the Kaaba until the time of Mohammad Taher Kordi's lifetime.(8) ) Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 4, p. 171.
.Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī (206–261 AH), edited by Muḥammad Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Bāqī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1419 AH.
"In narrations..."
.Qurb al-Isnād, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jaʿfar al-Ḥumayrī (d. 300 AH). Qom: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt li-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1413 AH.
In the narrations, under the Gutter of the Kaaba is described as the place where Gabriel stood to deliver messages to the Noble Prophet and also as a place of worship for the Ahl al-Bayt.(9) Nūrī, " Mustadrak al-wasāʾil", vol. 9, p. 427.
.al-Kāfī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī (d. 329 AH), edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghafārī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah, 1375 SH.
It has been mentioned in the narrations(10) Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 557.  
.Marāʾat al-ʿUqūl fī Sharḥ Akhbār Āl al-Rasūl, Muḥammad Bāqir al-Majlisī (1037–1110 AH), edited by Sayyid Hāshim Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah, 1363 SH.
Also, there are mentions in narrations about reciting supplications and prayers under the Gutter of the Kaaba.(11) Nūrī, " Mustadrak al-wasāʾil", vol. 3, p. 422. , Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 99, p. 230.
.Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal (d. 241 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, n.d.
"The cause of healing for the sick."
.Maʿānī al-Akhbār, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Bābawayh (al-Shaykh al-Ṣadūq) (311–381 AH), edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghafārī. Qom: Daftar Intishārāt Islāmī, 1361 SH.
"In some narrations, the water that flows from the Gutter is described as having healing properties.(12) Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 6, p. 387. , Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 47, p. 122.
.Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid, ʿAlī ibn Abī Bakr al-Haythamī (d. 807 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1402 AH.
 
.al-Majmūʿ Sharḥ al-Muḥadhdhab, Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf al-Nawawī (631–676 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
"In Persian literature
.al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr, Sulaymān ibn Aḥmad al-Ṭabarānī (260–360 AH), edited by Ḥamdī ʿAbd al-Majīd al-Salfī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1405 AH.
, the Gutter of the Kaaba is among the concepts that poets have composed poems about, such as Mahi Lari(13) Lārī, ''Fatūḥ al-Ḥaramayn'', p. 45-46.
.Maʿjam mā Istaʿjam min Asmāʾ al-Bilād wa al-Mawāḍiʿ, ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Bakrī (d. 487 AH), edited by al-Suqāʾ. Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Kutub, 1403 AH.
  and Khaqani.(14) Khāqānī, ''Dīvān Khāqānī'', p. 516.
.Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā, ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Samhūdī (d. 911 AH), edited by Muḥammad Muḥyī al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah, 2006 CE.
"O you thirsty for the clouds of your mercy, like me at the lip of the Gutter of the Kaaba...
He seeks, blessed by the water of your hand, like a pilgrim from the Gutter of the Kaaba."(15) Khāqānī, ''Dīvān Khāqānī'', vol. 1, p. 516.
 
References
 
. Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār''. Edited by Rushdī Ṣāliḥ Mulḥis. Beirut: 1403 AH.
 
. Zubaydī, Sayyid Muḥammad Muṛtaḍā.** *Tāj al-ʿurūs min Jawāhir al-Qāmūs.* Edited by ʿAlī Shīrī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr lil-Ṭibāʿah wa al-Nashr wa al-Tawzīʿ, 1st edition, 1414 AH.
. Batnūnī, Muḥammad Labīb.. Al-Riḥlah al-Ḥijāziyyah.* Cairo: Maṭbaʿat al-Jamālīyah, 1329 AH.
 
. Ghaffārī, Ibrāhīm.** *Rāhnemā-ye Haramayn Sharīfayn.* Bījā, Asvah, 1370 SH.
 
. Khalīlī, Jaʿfar. *Mawsūʿat al-ʿAtābāt al-Muqaddasah.* Beirut: Muʾassasah al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1407 AH / 1987 CE.
 
. ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan Ḥurr.*Wasāʾil al-Shīʿah.* Qom: Muʾassasah Āl al-Bayt (ʿA) li-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1416 AH.
 
• Kurdī, Muḥammad Ṭāhir. ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm''. Beirut: : Dār al- Khiḍr, 1420 AH.
 
• Nūrī. Mustadrak al-wasāʾil. Beirut: Āl al-Bayt, 1408 AH
:
. Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1375 Sh.
 
. Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
 
. Lārī, Muḥyi al-Dīn.*Fatūḥ al-Ḥaramayn.* Edited by ʿAlī Muḥaddith. Tehran: Enteshārāt-e Eṭlāʿāt, 1366 SH.
 
. Shojāʿī, Muḥammad.** *Ḥajj dar āʾīneh-ye shāʿr-e Fārsī.* 2nd edition. Tehran: Mašʿar, 1388 SH.
 
  . Khāqānī, Badīl ibn ʿAlī.** *Dīvān Khāqānī (Volume 1): Chāmahāhā va Tarkīb-bandhā.* Edited by Mīr Jalāl al-Dīn Kuzāzī. Tehran: Nashr-e Markaz, 1375 SH.
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