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{{Building
The Madinan Sanctuary / The Prophet’s Mosque in Medina
| title = Al-sarir pillar
Ḥaram Madanī is an area of the city of Medina in the Hijaz that, in Islam, holds sanctity and has special etiquettes and rulings.
| image =ستون سریر..jpg
This area extends from the east and west between the eastern lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Sharqiyya) and the western lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Gharbiyya), and from the north and south, from Mount Thawr to Mount ʿAyr.
| image size =
The Madinan Sanctuary has rulings and etiquettes, such as the recommended act of performing ghusl and purification when entering it, and these are similar to the rulings and etiquettes of the Meccan Sanctuary.
| image link =
Some have considered the reason for Medina being made a sanctuary to be the granting of protection to Medina and its inhabitants, while others have attributed it to the presence of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
| image description =
==Boundaries==
| other names = pillar of I'tikaf
The Madinan Sanctuary is an area within Medina in the Hijaz.
| place = [[Medina]], [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi|Masjid al-Nabi]]
This sanctuary lies, from the east and west, between the eastern lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Sharqiyya) and the western lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Gharbiyya).(1) al-Kulaynī ,"al-Kāfī,",vol. 4,p. 564-565. ,,, ibn Ḥanbal ," Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal ",vol. 3,p. 23. ,,, al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. 113.
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And according to one narration, it extends from the north and south, from Mount Thawr to Mount ‘Ayr.(2) al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. 115. ,,, al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī ",vol. 8,p. 10.  
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| events = [[Prophet]] would spread his bed next to this pillar during [[I'tikaf]]..
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| status = The Sarir pillar is located on the eastern side of the [[Al-Tawba pillar|al-tawba pillar]], and the first pillar from the [[Qibla]] and connected to the western wall of the [[Prophet's Room]]. This pillar was not accessible to pilgrims since the time of [[Baybaras]].
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'''Sarīr pillar''' is one of the [[pillars of Masjid al-Nabi]], which was the place of Prophet's [[Iʿtikāf]] . This pillar was used as the pillars of the Prophet's shrine during the reconstruction of [[Masjid al-Nabi]] by [[Baybars Mamluki]], and since then it has been removed from the reach of pilgrims to seek blessings. According to traditions, it is recommended to seek blessing this pillar.
==Location==
The Sarir pillar is located in Masjid al-Nabi, in the area of [[Rawdat al-Nabi]], on the east side of the [[pillar of repentance]]<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 2, p. 184; Shurrāb, ''Al-Ma ʿālim al-athīra'', p. 40.</ref> and the first pillar from the Qibla direction and connected to the western wall of the Prophet's shrine.<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-i Makka wa Madīna'', p. 193. </ref>
==Reason for naming==
The Sarir pillar is called by this name because during the days of I'tikaf, the Prophet used to place his bed which was made of palm leaves and wood or mat,<ref>Ibn Zabāla, ''Akhbār al-madīna'', p. 103; Maṭarī, ''Al-Taʿrīf  bimā ʾanasat'', p. 91; Najjār, ''Al-Durra al-thamīna'', p. 298.</ref> and would perform I'tikaf and calm down on it when the time of resting.<ref>Sayyid al-Wakīl, ''Al-masjid al-nabawīī ʿabar  tārīkh'',  p. 53; Yamānī, ''Mawsūʿa makka al-mukarrama wa al-madina al-munawwara'', vol. 2, p. 430.</ref>
==Is Sarir pillar the same as Al-Tawba pillar?!==
[[The local historians of Madina]], such as Ibn Zabala, Ibn Najjar and Matari, did not introduce the Sarir pillar. They have only mentioned that during the I'tikaf days of the month of Ramadan, the bed of the prophet was placed between the [[pillar of repentance]] and the lamp near the [[prophet's grave]]<ref>Ibn Zabāla, ''Akhbār al-madīna'', p. 103</ref> or near the pillar of repentance<ref>Najjār, ''Al-Durra al-thamīna'', p. 298.</ref> or behind it from the east.<ref>Maṭarī, ''Al-Taʿrīf  bimā ʾanasat'', p. 91.</ref> Therefore, Some have considered the pillar of Sarir as the pillar of repentance.<ref>Ansārī, ''ʿImārah wa tawsiah al-masjid al-nabawīī'', p. 71.</ref>


But it is true that the bed of the prophet was sometimes next to the pillar of repentance and sometimes next to the pillar of sarir.<ref>Ansārī, ''ʿImārah wa tawsiah al-masjid al-nabawīī'', p. 72; Yamānī, ''Mawsūʿa makka al-mukarrama wa al-madina al-munawwara'', vol. 2, p. 430.</ref> Ayub Sabri Pasha and Ahmad bin Abdul Hamid believe that before [[the development of Masjid al-Nabi]], which was carried out after the [[Battle of Khaybar]], the Prophet's I'tikaf was next to The [[pillar of repentance]] and then it was moved to the side of the pillar of Sarir.<ref>Ṣabrī Pāshā, ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn'', vol. 3, p. 235-236; ʿAbd al- Ḥamīd, ''ʿUmda al-akhbār'', p. 99-100.</ref>
In the narrations, other various expressions have also been mentioned for determining its northern and southern boundaries.(3) al-Kulaynī ,"al-Kāfī,",vol. 4,p. 564. ,,, al-Majlisī ,"Marāʾat al-ʿUqūl fī Sharḥ Akhbār Āl al-Rasūl ", vol. 18, p. 279. ,,, Najafī," Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām " ,vol. 20, p. 75. ,,, ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337.
==Status==
==Why it became a Haram==
After half of the Sarir pillar was placed inside the [[prophet's shrine]]<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 2, p. 184.</ref> during the reconstruction of Masjid al-Nabi during the reign of [[Malik Zahir Baibaras]] (R: 825-842 AH/ 1422- 1438-9) of the Mamluks of Egypt,<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 1, p. 268.</ref>  it is not possible for pilgrims to bless it.
Various reasons have been mentioned for why the city of Medina was made a sanctuary (ḥaram).
==Virtu==
Some of them are as follows:
On the sarir pillar, the phrase " «هذه اسطوانة السریر» This is the pillar of sarir" is written<ref>Ṣabrī Pāshā, ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn'', vol. 3, p. 235-236</ref> and based on some hadiths, it is recommended to bless it.<ref>Amīnī, ''Al-Ghadīr'', vol. 5, p. 124.</ref>
• Providing protection to Medina and its inhabitants;(4) al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. .117-118  ,,, al-Bayhaqī ," al-Sunan al-Kubrā " ,vol. 5, p. 198. ,,, al-Ṭabarānī ,  " al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr " ,vol. 6, p. 92. ,,, ibn Ḥanbal ," Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal ",vol. 4, p. 55-56. ,,, al-Haythamī , “Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid " ,vol. 3, p. 306. ,,, al-Ṭūsī , "Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqnaʿah li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd ",vol. 10, p. 216.
==Gallary==
• Showing reverence to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him);
<gallery>
• The witnessing of divine lights by the Prophet (peace be upon him) within this area;
file:نقشه مسجدالنبی و ستون‌های آن.webp|The map of [[Masjid al-Nabi]] where number 2 shows the location of the Sarir pillar.
• The descent of the angels who guarded the Prophet (peace be upon him) in this area;
file:ستون حرس و ستون سریر.png|Sarir pillarnext to [[Haras pillar]].
• The sanctity of the place where the Prophet (peace be upon him) is buried. [5] al-Samhūdī , "Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā ",vol. 1, p. 117-118.
ستون سریر و ستون توبه.png|The image taken from the direction of the Qiblah shows the Serir Pillar and the [[Al-Tawba pillar]].  
==Etiquettes and Rules==
file:ستون سریر۲.jpg|The inscription engraved on the top of the Sarir pillar: «هذه استوانة سریر» "This is the pillar of Sarir".
Main Article: Etiquettes of the Two Sanctuaries
</gallery>
According to Shia hadith sources, the Medina sanctuary has etiquettes and rulings similar to the Mecca sanctuary; such as the virtue of performing ghusl (ritual purification) and maintaining cleanliness upon entering Medina and when visiting the Prophet’s sanctuary (peace be upon him).
 
Some Sunni jurists have also issued rulings recommending ghusl upon entering the Medina sanctuary.(6) al-Ḥaskafī , "al-Durr al-Mukhtār " ,vol. 1, p. 184. ,,, al-Majmūʿ Sharḥ al-Muḥadhdhab ",vol. 8, p. 273. ,,, Fatḥ al-Wahhāb, vol. 1, p. 257.
== Notes ==
In Shia narrations, regarding hunting and cutting trees, there are narrations permitting(7) al-Ḥumayrī ," Qurb al-Isnād ", p. 301.
And narrations indicating non-permissibility.(8) ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337.
They indicate this. In narrations from the Sunni tradition, cutting the trees of the Haram Madani (the Sanctuary of Medina) has been deemed forbidden.(9) ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337.
Related topics
•The Two Sanctuaries (Haramayn)
•The Meccan Sanctuary (Haram Makki)
==Notes==
{{Notes}}
{{Notes}}
 
==Reference==
== References ==
{{ref}}
{{References}}
.Qawāʿid wa Khaṣāʾiṣ al-Ḥaramayn al-Makkī wa al-Madanī, ʿAlī Aḥmad Yaḥyā al-Qāʿidī. Beirut: al-Riyān, 1429 AH.
*ʿAbd al- Ḥamīd,  Aḥmad . ''ʿUmda al-akhbār fī madina al-mukhtār''. Medina: Maktabat al-ʿIlmīyya, [n.d]
  .Tārīkh Makkah al-Musharrafah, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḍiyāʾ (d. 854 AH), edited by al-ʿAdawī. Makkah: Maktabat al-Tijārīyah Muṣṭafā Aḥmad al-Bāz, 1416 AH.
*Amīnī, ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn. ''Al-Ghadīr fī al-kitāb wa al-sunna wa al-ʾadab''. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1372 Sh.
.Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqnaʿah li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan al-Ṭūsī (385–460 AH), edited by Sayyid Ḥasan Mūsawī Khorasān and ʿAlī Ākhundī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah, 1365 SH.
*Ansārī, Nājī  Muḥammad Ḥasan ʿabdu l-qādir al-. ''ʿImārah wa tawsiah al-masjid al-nabawīī al-sharīf  ʿabar  tārīkh''.  [n.p], Nādī al-madīna al-munawwara al-adabī, 1996.  
.Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām, Muḥammad Ḥusayn Najafī (d. 1266 AH). Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.
*Ibn Zabāla. ''Akhbār al-madīna''. Medina: Markaz Buḥūth wa Darāsāt al-Madina al-Munawwara, 1424 AH.
.al-Durr al-Mukhtār, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Ḥaskafī (d. 1088 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH.
*Maṭarī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-, Al-Taʿrīf bimā ʾansat al-hija min maʿālim dār al-hijra, Riyadh: Dār al-malik  ʿAbdu-l ʿAzīz, 2005.
  .al-Sunan al-Kubrā, Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Bayhaqī (384–458 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1416 AH.
*Najjār, Muḥammad b. Maḥmūd al- .Al-Durra al-thamīna fī akhbār al-madina. Medina: Markaz Buḥūth wa Darāsāt al-Madina al-Munawwara, 1427 AH.
.Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Bukhārī (d. 256 AH), edited by ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Bāz. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1401 AH.
*Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-i Makka wa Madīna''. 4th edition. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381 Sh.
.Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī (206–261 AH), edited by Muḥammad Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Bāqī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1419 AH.
*Sayyid al-Wakīl, Muḥammad al- .Al-masjid al-nabawīī ʿabar  tārīkh. [n.p], Dār al-mujtamaʿ li-lnashr wa al-tawziʿ, 1988.
.Qurb al-Isnād, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jaʿfar al-Ḥumayrī (d. 300 AH). Qom: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt li-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1413 AH.
*Ṣabrī Pāshā, Ayyūb. ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn''. Translated by ʿAbd al-Rasūl Munshī. Tehran: Markaz-i Pazhūhishī Mīrāth-i Maktūb, 1382 sh.
  .al-Kāfī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī (d. 329 AH), edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghafārī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah, 1375 SH.
*Samhūdī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā''. Edited by Muḥammad Muḥyi al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: 1984.
  .Marāʾat al-ʿUqūl fī Sharḥ Akhbār Āl al-Rasūl, Muḥammad Bāqir al-Majlisī (1037–1110 AH), edited by Sayyid Hāshim Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah, 1363 SH.
*Shurrāb, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad Ḥasan. ''Al-Ma ʿālim al-athīra''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1383 sh.
.Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal (d. 241 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, n.d.
*Yamānī, Aḥmad Zakkī. ''Mawsūʿa makka al-mukarrama wa al-madina al-munawwara''. London: Muʾssisa al-furqān, 1429 AH.
.Maʿānī al-Akhbār, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Bābawayh (al-Shaykh al-Ṣadūq) (311–381 AH), edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghafārī. Qom: Daftar Intishārāt Islāmī, 1361 SH.
{{end}}
.Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid, ʿAlī ibn Abī Bakr al-Haythamī (d. 807 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1402 AH.
.al-Majmūʿ Sharḥ al-Muḥadhdhab, Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf al-Nawawī (631–676 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
.al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr, Sulaymān ibn Aḥmad al-Ṭabarānī (260–360 AH), edited by Ḥamdī ʿAbd al-Majīd al-Salfī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1405 AH.
.Maʿjam mā Istaʿjam min Asmāʾ al-Bilād wa al-Mawāḍiʿ, ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Bakrī (d. 487 AH), edited by al-Suqāʾ. Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Kutub, 1403 AH.
.Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā, ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Samhūdī (d. 911 AH), edited by Muḥammad Muḥyī al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah, 2006 CE.

Latest revision as of 15:01, 13 December 2025

The Madinan Sanctuary / The Prophet’s Mosque in Medina Ḥaram Madanī is an area of the city of Medina in the Hijaz that, in Islam, holds sanctity and has special etiquettes and rulings. This area extends from the east and west between the eastern lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Sharqiyya) and the western lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Gharbiyya), and from the north and south, from Mount Thawr to Mount ʿAyr. The Madinan Sanctuary has rulings and etiquettes, such as the recommended act of performing ghusl and purification when entering it, and these are similar to the rulings and etiquettes of the Meccan Sanctuary. Some have considered the reason for Medina being made a sanctuary to be the granting of protection to Medina and its inhabitants, while others have attributed it to the presence of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

Boundaries

The Madinan Sanctuary is an area within Medina in the Hijaz. This sanctuary lies, from the east and west, between the eastern lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Sharqiyya) and the western lava field (al-Ḥarra al-Gharbiyya).(1) al-Kulaynī ,"al-Kāfī,",vol. 4,p. 564-565. ,,, ibn Ḥanbal ," Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal ",vol. 3,p. 23. ,,, al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. 113. And according to one narration, it extends from the north and south, from Mount Thawr to Mount ‘Ayr.(2) al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. 115. ,,, al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī ",vol. 8,p. 10.

In the narrations, other various expressions have also been mentioned for determining its northern and southern boundaries.(3) al-Kulaynī ,"al-Kāfī,",vol. 4,p. 564. ,,, al-Majlisī ,"Marāʾat al-ʿUqūl fī Sharḥ Akhbār Āl al-Rasūl ", vol. 18, p. 279. ,,, Najafī," Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām " ,vol. 20, p. 75. ,,, ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337.

Why it became a Haram

Various reasons have been mentioned for why the city of Medina was made a sanctuary (ḥaram). Some of them are as follows: • Providing protection to Medina and its inhabitants;(4) al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim",vol. 4,p. .117-118 ,,, al-Bayhaqī ," al-Sunan al-Kubrā " ,vol. 5, p. 198. ,,, al-Ṭabarānī , " al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr " ,vol. 6, p. 92. ,,, ibn Ḥanbal ," Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal ",vol. 4, p. 55-56. ,,, al-Haythamī , “Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid " ,vol. 3, p. 306. ,,, al-Ṭūsī , "Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqnaʿah li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd ",vol. 10, p. 216. • Showing reverence to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him); • The witnessing of divine lights by the Prophet (peace be upon him) within this area; • The descent of the angels who guarded the Prophet (peace be upon him) in this area; • The sanctity of the place where the Prophet (peace be upon him) is buried. [5] al-Samhūdī , "Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā ",vol. 1, p. 117-118.

Etiquettes and Rules

Main Article: Etiquettes of the Two Sanctuaries According to Shia hadith sources, the Medina sanctuary has etiquettes and rulings similar to the Mecca sanctuary; such as the virtue of performing ghusl (ritual purification) and maintaining cleanliness upon entering Medina and when visiting the Prophet’s sanctuary (peace be upon him). Some Sunni jurists have also issued rulings recommending ghusl upon entering the Medina sanctuary.(6) al-Ḥaskafī , "al-Durr al-Mukhtār " ,vol. 1, p. 184. ,,, al-Majmūʿ Sharḥ al-Muḥadhdhab ",vol. 8, p. 273. ,,, Fatḥ al-Wahhāb, vol. 1, p. 257. In Shia narrations, regarding hunting and cutting trees, there are narrations permitting(7) al-Ḥumayrī ," Qurb al-Isnād ", p. 301. And narrations indicating non-permissibility.(8) ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337. They indicate this. In narrations from the Sunni tradition, cutting the trees of the Haram Madani (the Sanctuary of Medina) has been deemed forbidden.(9) ibn Bābawayh ," Maʿānī al-Akhbār ",p. 337. Related topics •The Two Sanctuaries (Haramayn) •The Meccan Sanctuary (Haram Makki)

Notes

Reference

.Qawāʿid wa Khaṣāʾiṣ al-Ḥaramayn al-Makkī wa al-Madanī, ʿAlī Aḥmad Yaḥyā al-Qāʿidī. Beirut: al-Riyān, 1429 AH.
.Tārīkh Makkah al-Musharrafah, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḍiyāʾ (d. 854 AH), edited by al-ʿAdawī. Makkah: Maktabat al-Tijārīyah Muṣṭafā Aḥmad al-Bāz, 1416 AH.
.Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqnaʿah li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan al-Ṭūsī (385–460 AH), edited by Sayyid Ḥasan Mūsawī Khorasān and ʿAlī Ākhundī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah, 1365 SH.
.Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām, Muḥammad Ḥusayn Najafī (d. 1266 AH). Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.
.al-Durr al-Mukhtār, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Ḥaskafī (d. 1088 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH.
.al-Sunan al-Kubrā, Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Bayhaqī (384–458 AH). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1416 AH.
.Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Bukhārī (d. 256 AH), edited by ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Bāz. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1401 AH.
.Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī (206–261 AH), edited by Muḥammad Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Bāqī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1419 AH.
.Qurb al-Isnād, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jaʿfar al-Ḥumayrī (d. 300 AH). Qom: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt li-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1413 AH.
.al-Kāfī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī (d. 329 AH), edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghafārī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah, 1375 SH.
.Marāʾat al-ʿUqūl fī Sharḥ Akhbār Āl al-Rasūl, Muḥammad Bāqir al-Majlisī (1037–1110 AH), edited by Sayyid Hāshim Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah, 1363 SH.
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