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{{Building
Fakh is an area in the north of [[Mecca]], near [[Tan'im Mosque]], about four kilometers from [[Masjid al-Haram]].
| title = Al-Tawba pillar
According to Shia jurists, this place is the location where children enter into ihram. The cemetery of the martyrs of Fakh is also located here.
| image =ستون توبه۲.jpeg
This cemetery is the burial site of Husayn ibn Ali (known as Sahib al-Fakh) and a number of Hasanid nobles who were martyred in the battle against the Abbasids in the year 169 AH at Fakh.
| image size =
According to historians, the graves of some companions of the Prophet — including Abdullah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab — were also located in this area but were demolished during the Saudi period.
| image link =
According to some narrations, the Prophet prayed in this place, foretold the martyrdom of one of his descendants, and wept in mourning for him.
| image description = A view of the Al-Tawba pillar where the [[Sarir pillar]] can be seen on the left side of that.
| other names = pillar of Abū lubāba
| place = [[Medina]], [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi|Masjid al-Nabi]]
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| events = Abū lubāba tied himself to this pillar for repentance until his repentance was accepted.
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| status = The fourth pillar from the [[Prophet's pulpit]], the second pillar from the [[Prophet's grave]], and the third pillar from the direction of the [[Qiblah]]
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'''Sarīr pillar''' is one of the [[pillars of Masjid al-Nabi]], which was the place of Prophet's [[Iʿtikāf]] . This pillar was used as the pillars of the Prophet's shrine during the reconstruction of [[Masjid al-Nabi]] by [[Baybars Mamluki]], and since then it has been removed from the reach of pilgrims to seek blessings. According to traditions, it is recommended to seek blessing this pillar.
==Location==
==Location==
The Sarir pillar is located in Masjid al-Nabi, in the area of [[Rawdat al-Nabi]], on the east side of the [[pillar of repentance]]<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 2, p. 184; Shurrāb, ''Al-Ma ʿālim al-athīra'', p. 40.</ref> and the first pillar from the Qibla direction and connected to the western wall of the Prophet's shrine.<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-i Makka wa Madīna'', p. 193. </ref>
Fakh, or Wādī Zāhir (Zahir Valley),<ref>Fāsī, '' Shifāʾ al-Gharām '', vol. 1, p. 472.
==Reason for naming==
</ref>
The Sarir pillar is called by this name because during the days of I'tikaf, the Prophet used to place his bed which was made of palm leaves and wood or mat,<ref>Ibn Zabāla, ''Akhbār al-madīna'', p. 103; Maṭarī, ''Al-Taʿrīf  bimā ʾanasat'', p. 91; Najjār, ''Al-Durra al-thamīna'', p. 298.</ref> and would perform I'tikaf and calm down on it when the time of resting.<ref>Sayyid al-Wakīl, ''Al-masjid al-nabawīī ʿabar  tārīkh'',  p. 53; Yamānī, ''Mawsūʿa makka al-mukarrama wa al-madina al-munawwara'', vol. 2, p. 430.</ref>
It is the name of an area in the north of [[Mecca]], near [[Tan'im Mosque]].
==Is Sarir pillar the same as Al-Tawba pillar?!==
This place is located 4 kilometers from al-Masjid al-Ḥarām (the Sacred Mosque).
[[The local historians of Madina]], such as Ibn Zabala, Ibn Najjar and Matari, did not introduce the Sarir pillar. They have only mentioned that during the I'tikaf days of the month of Ramadan, the bed of the prophet was placed between the [[pillar of repentance]] and the lamp near the [[prophet's grave]]<ref>Ibn Zabāla, ''Akhbār al-madīna'', p. 103</ref> or near the pillar of repentance<ref>Najjār, ''Al-Durra al-thamīna'', p. 298.</ref> or behind it from the east.<ref>Maṭarī, ''Al-Taʿrīf  bimā ʾanasat'', p. 91.</ref> Therefore, Some have considered the pillar of Sarir as the pillar of repentance.<ref>Ansārī, ''ʿImārah wa tawsiah al-masjid al-nabawīī'', p. 71.</ref>
Today, this place is referred to as “Ḥayyu al-Shuhadā’” (the Neighborhood of the Martyrs).


But it is true that the bed of the prophet was sometimes next to the pillar of repentance and sometimes next to the pillar of sarir.<ref>Ansārī, ''ʿImārah wa tawsiah al-masjid al-nabawīī'', p. 72; Yamānī, ''Mawsūʿa makka al-mukarrama wa al-madina al-munawwara'', vol. 2, p. 430.</ref> Ayub Sabri Pasha and Ahmad bin Abdul Hamid believe that before [[the development of Masjid al-Nabi]], which was carried out after the [[Battle of Khaybar]], the Prophet's I'tikaf was next to The [[pillar of repentance]] and then it was moved to the side of the pillar of Sarir.<ref>Ṣabrī Pāshā, ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn'', vol. 3, p. 235-236; ʿAbd al- Ḥamīd, ''ʿUmda al-akhbār'', p. 99-100.</ref>
The Cemetery of the Martyrs of Fakh
==Status==
In the Fakh area, there is a mountain at the foot of which lies a cemetery known as the Cemetery of the Martyrs of Fakh.(2) Jaʿfarīān, ''Āthār Islāmiyya Makkah wa Madīnah'' , p. 199-200.
After half of the Sarir pillar was placed inside the [[prophet's shrine]]<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 2, p. 184.</ref> during the reconstruction of Masjid al-Nabi during the reign of [[Malik Zahir Baibaras]] (R: 825-842 AH/ 1422- 1438-9) of the Mamluks of Egypt,<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 1, p. 268.</ref>  it is not possible for pilgrims to bless it.
The martyrs of Fakh were a group of Sādāt Ḥasanī (descendants of Imam Hasan) who were martyred in the battle against the Abbasids in the year 169 AH at this pl According to the latest contemporary sources, this cemetery is relatively spacious but has been divided into three sections due to the road. ace.(3) Ibn Khaldūn, ''Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn'' vol. 5,p. 148.
==Virtu==
According to the latest contemporary sources, this cemetery is relatively spacious but has been divided into three sections due to the road. Part of it is about two meters above street level, and the main section is enclosed by a courtyard wall with a gate that is always closed. It is said that the grave of Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī (the martyr of Fakh) is located within this walled enclosure.(2) Jaʿfarīān, ''Āthār Islāmiyya Makkah wa Madīnah'' , p. 199-200.
On the sarir pillar, the phrase " «هذه اسطوانة السریر» This is the pillar of sarir" is written<ref>Ṣabrī Pāshā, ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn'', vol. 3, p. 235-236</ref> and based on some hadiths, it is recommended to bless it.<ref>Amīnī, ''Al-Ghadīr'', vol. 5, p. 124.</ref>
==Gallary==
<gallery>
file:نقشه مسجدالنبی و ستون‌های آن.webp|The map of [[Masjid al-Nabi]] where number 2 shows the location of the Sarir pillar.
file:ستون حرس و ستون سریر.png|Sarir pillarnext to [[Haras pillar]].
ستون سریر و ستون توبه.png|The image taken from the direction of the Qiblah shows the Serir Pillar and the [[Al-Tawba pillar]].
file:ستون سریر۲.jpg|The inscription engraved on the top of the Sarir pillar: «هذه استوانة سریر» "This is the pillar of Sarir".
</gallery>


== Notes ==
According to some reports from the year 1391 SH (2012-2013 CE), the Cemetery of the Martyrs of Fakh was destroyed and turned into a garbage dump.(4) ISNA, news code: 91090602351.
{{Notes}}


== References ==
The Martyr of Fakh
{{References}}
Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī ibn Ḥasan al-Muthallath ibn Ḥasan al-Muthannā, son of Imam Hasan al-Mujtaba (peace be upon him), known as Ṣāḥib al-Fakh(5) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 364.
**Shurrāb, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad Ḥasan. ''Al-Ma ʿālim al-athīra''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1383 sh.
He was the leader of a revolt against the Abbasid government, which is referred to as the Incident of Fakh or the Uprising of Fakh(6) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 366-367.
**Ibn Zabāla. ''Akhbār al-madīna''. Medina: Markaz Buḥūth wa Darāsāt al-Madina al-Munawwara, 1424 AH.
• Maṭarī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-, Al-Taʿrīf  bimā ʾansat al-hija min maʿālim dār al-hijra, Riyadh: Dār al-malik  ʿAbdu-l ʿAzīz, 2005.
• Najjār, Muḥammad  b. Maḥmūd al- .Al-Durra al-thamīna fī akhbār al-madina.  Medina: Markaz Buḥūth wa Darāsāt al-Madina al-Munawwara, 1427 AH.
• Sayyid al-Wakīl, Muḥammad al- .Al-masjid al-nabawīī ʿabar  tārīkh. [n.p], Dār al-mujtamaʿ li-lnashr wa al-tawziʿ, 1988.
**Yamānī, Aḥmad Zakkī. ''Mawsūʿa makka al-mukarrama wa al-madina al-munawwara''. London: Muʾssisa al-furqān, 1429 AH.
**Ansārī, Nājī  Muḥammad Ḥasan ʿabdu l-qādir al-. ''ʿImārah wa tawsiah al-masjid al-nabawīī al-sharīf  ʿabar  tārīkh''.  [n.p], Nādī al-madīna al-munawwara al-adabī, 1996.  
**Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-i Makka wa Madīna''. 4th edition. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381 Sh.
• Ṣabrī Pāshā, Ayyūb. ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn''. Translated by ʿAbd al-Rasūl Munshī. Tehran: Markaz-i Pazhūhishī Mīrāth-i Maktūb, 1382 sh.
**• ʿAbd al- Ḥamīd,  Aḥmad . ʿUmda al-akhbār fī madina al-mukhtār. Medina:  Maktabat al-ʿIlmīyya, [n.d]
*Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Maghāzī''. Edited by Marsden Jones. Beirut: Muʾassisa al-Aʿlām, 1409 AH.
*Ibn Hishām, ʿAbd al-Malik. ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya''. Edited by Muṣṭafā al-Saqā. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d].
*Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, [n.d].
*Ansārī, Nājī  Muḥammad Ḥasan ʿabdu l-qādir al-. ''ʿImārah wa tawsiah al-masjid al-nabawīī al-sharīf  ʿabar  tārīkh''.  [n.p], Nādī al-madīna al-munawwara al-adabī, 1996.
*Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya''. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1408 AH.
*Wāḥidī, Alī b. Aḥmad. ''Asbāb al-nuzūl al-Qurʾān''. Edited by Kamāl Basyūnī Zaghlūl. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, 1411 AH.
*Zamakhsharī, Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar al-. ''Tafsīr al-kashshāf''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿArabī, 1407 AH.
*Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1406 AH.
**Samhūdī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā''. Edited by Muḥammad Muḥyi al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: 1984.
*Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1367 sh.


*Ḥalabī, Nūr al-Dīn. ''Al-Sīra al-ḥalabiyya''. Edited by ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad Khalīlī. Beirut: 1422 AH-2002.
Ṣāḥib al-Fakh was martyred on the 8th of Dhul-Hijjah in the year 169 AH (Yawm al-Tarwiyah) in the Fakh region during the battle against the army of Hādī al-‘Abbāsī (reigned 169–170 AH), along with most of his soldiers, including about 100 of the Hasanid descendants(7) ʿ Amīn Āmīlī,, '' A‘yān al-Shīʿa'',vol. 6, p. 97.
*Ḥillī, Ibn Idrīs al-. ''Kitāb al-sarāʾir al-ḥāwī li taḥrīr al-fatāwī''. Qom: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1410 AH.
According to al-Ḥamawī, a 7th-century AH historian, the bodies of the martyrs, after remaining on the ground for three days and being preyed upon by wild animals, were buried in the place now known as the Cemetery of the Martyrs of Fakh.(8) Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, '' Muʿjam al-Buldān'',vol. 4, p. 238.
*Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Al-Nihāya fī mujarrad al-fiqh wa al-fatāwā''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿArabiyya, 1400 AH.
The Martyr of Fakh, or Ṣāḥib al-Fakh, began his uprising from Medina.(9) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 372.
*Ibn al-Mashhadī, Muḥammad. ''Al-Mazār al-kabīr''. Tehran: Nashr-i Islāmī, 1419 AH.
After taking control of the city, due to the approaching Hajj season, he moved toward Mecca with 300 of his companions and close followers.
*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Qom: Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1413 AH.
But upon reaching the Fakh region, he confronted the Abbasid army, commanded by ʿAbbās ibn Muḥammad (a descendant of ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAbbās), and in this battle all of his army were martyred, with only a few captured. Some of his relatives, including his uncle Idrīs ibn ʿAbdullāh, managed to escape Idrīs fled to the Maghreb and established the Idrisid dynasty there.(10) Various Authors, ''Tārīkh al-Tashayyūʿ''. Vol. 1, p. 263.
**Amīnī, ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn. ''Al-Ghadīr fī al-kitāb wa al-sunna wa al-ʾadab''. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1372 Sh.
Other Graves
*Subḥānī, Jaʿfar. ''Al-Zīyāra fī al-kitāb wa al-sunna''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1416 AH.
It is said that ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb(11) Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-Kubrā'',vol. 4, p. 142.
And a number of the ṣaḥābah (companions of the Prophet) are also buried in the Fakh region(12) Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, '' Muʿjam al-Buldān'',vol. 4, p. 238.
There is also a report of the burial of ʿAbdullāh ibn Zubayr in Fakh(13) Jaʿfarīān, '',Āthār Islāmiyya Makkah wa Madīnah '', p. 200.
Virtue / Merit
 
According to a narration, the Messenger of God (peace be upon him), while traveling from Medina to Mecca, performed ghusl (ritual purification) at Fakh, which was six miles from Mecca [and is now part of the city of Mecca], before entering Mecca.(14) Ḥumayrī, '' al-Rawḍ al-Miʿṭār fī Khabar al-Aqṭār'', p. 436.
 
According to another narration, the Prophet (peace be upon him) stood in ṣalāh (prayer) at this place and wept during the prayer The Prophet explained that he wept because one of his descendants would be martyred at this place.(15) ) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 366-367.
 
 
Also, Imam Ja‘far al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him), while passing through this place, foretold the martyrdom of one of his Ahl al-Bayt at this location.(16) ) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 367. , Muḥaddith Qumī, ''Muntahā al-Āmāl'', vol. 1, p. 261.
 
 
Sheikh Tusi, in his book Rijāl, considered Ṣāḥib al-Fakh to be among the companions of Imam Ja‘far al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him(17) Ṭūsī, '' Rijāl al-Ṭūsī'', p. 489.
 
It is narrated that Imam Musa al-Kāẓim (peace be upon him) honored the Martyr of Fakh(18) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 380.
 
Miqāt for Children
 
According to Shia jurists, based on narrations, Fakh is considered the miqāt (designated station for entering ihrām) for children.(19) Rūḥānī, '' al-Murtaqā ilā al-Fiqh al-Arqā '', vol. 2, p. 28.
In a narration, Imam Ja‘far al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him), in response to the question of where the sewn garments of children could be removed [and where they could be made to enter ihrām], said: “My father, Imam Muhammad al-Bāqir (peace be upon him), would remove the children’s garments at Fakh and make them enter ihrām.”(20) Kulaynī, ''  al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 303. , Shaykh Ṣadūq, '' Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh''  , vol. 2, p. 433.
Some jurists believe that the guardian of a child can make the child enter ihrām at one of the five designated miqāts on their behalf—by intending on their behalf and reciting the Talbiyah—but the act of removing the child’s garments and putting on the ihrām can be delayed until reaching Fakh.(21) Anṣārī, '' Maʿālim al-Dīn fī Fiqh Āl Yāsīn ''  ,vol. 1, p. 230. , Rūḥānī, '' al-Murtaqā ilā al-Fiqh al-Arqā '', vol. 2, p. 28.
 
Most Shia jurists believe that the actual ihrām for children can be performed from Fakh, serving as their designated miqāt.(22) Anṣārī, '' Mawsūʿat Aḥkām al-Aṭfāl wa Adillatuhā'' , vol. 5, p. 282.
Of course, this applies to cases other than Ḥajj al-Tamattu
 
Some contemporary jurists, such as Muhammad-Taqi Bahjat, hold that the guardian of a child can make the child enter ihrām at one of the well-known miqāts and may delay the removal of the sewn garments and putting on the ihrām until reaching Fakh.(23) Iftikhārī Golpāygānī, '' Ārāʾ al-Marājiʿ fī al-Ḥajj ʿalā Ḍawʾ Fatāwā al-Imām al-Khomeynī. '', vol. 1, p. 34.
Sunni jurists are either opposed to this or remain silent on the matter. However, some of them say that there is no problem in delaying the ihrām of a child until reaching the Ḥaram (the Sacred Mosque) or near it(24) Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr al-Qurṭubī, '' al-Kāfī fī Fiqh Ahl al-Madīnah '',vol. 1, p. 411.
 
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