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'''Fatima’s house or room''',  the house where [[lady Fatima(a)]], the daughter of the [[Prophet Muḥammad (a)]] lived after marrying Imām ʿAlī(a) and was located next to Masjid al-Nabī and next to [[the house of the Prophet and ʿĀʾisha]]. This house has been destroyed today and its current location is inside [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi|Masjid al-Nabī]] and within the area of the [[Prophet's(a) chamber]] and [[prophet's shrine|shrine]].
Fakh is an area in the north of [[Mecca]], near [[Tan'im Mosque]], about four kilometers from [[Masjid al-Haram]].
In the historical sources, another house is also mentioned in [[Medina]] next to the [[Baqīʿ cemetery]] for [[Imām ʿAlī(a)]]. There is a different opinion about whether the events after the death of the Prophet took place in the house of Fatima or in [[the second house of Imām ʿAlī(a)]].
According to Shia jurists, this place is the location where children enter into ihram. The cemetery of the martyrs of Fakh is also located here.
This cemetery is the burial site of Husayn ibn Ali (known as Sahib al-Fakh) and a number of Hasanid nobles who were martyred in the battle against the Abbasids in the year 169 AH at Fakh.
According to historians, the graves of some companions of the Prophet — including Abdullah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab — were also located in this area but were demolished during the Saudi period.
According to some narrations, the Prophet prayed in this place, foretold the martyrdom of one of his descendants, and wept in mourning for him.
==Location==
Fakh, or Wādī Zāhir (Zahir Valley),<ref>Fāsī, '' Shifāʾ al-Gharām '', vol. 1, p. 472.
</ref>
It is the name of an area in the north of [[Mecca]], near [[Tan'im Mosque]].
This place is located 4 kilometers from al-Masjid al-Ḥarām (the Sacred Mosque).
Today, this place is referred to as “Ḥayyu al-Shuhadā’” (the Neighborhood of the Martyrs).


Fatima's house in Masjid al-Nabī is one of the possible burial places of lady Fatima.
The Cemetery of the Martyrs of Fakh
In the Fakh area, there is a mountain at the foot of which lies a cemetery known as the Cemetery of the Martyrs of Fakh.(2) Jaʿfarīān, ''Āthār Islāmiyya Makkah wa Madīnah'' , p. 199-200.
The martyrs of Fakh were a group of Sādāt Ḥasanī (descendants of Imam Hasan) who were martyred in the battle against the Abbasids in the year 169 AH at this pl According to the latest contemporary sources, this cemetery is relatively spacious but has been divided into three sections due to the road. ace.(3) Ibn Khaldūn, ''Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn'' vol. 5,p. 148.
According to the latest contemporary sources, this cemetery is relatively spacious but has been divided into three sections due to the road. Part of it is about two meters above street level, and the main section is enclosed by a courtyard wall with a gate that is always closed. It is said that the grave of Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī (the martyr of Fakh) is located within this walled enclosure.(2) Jaʿfarīān, ''Āthār Islāmiyya Makkah wa Madīnah'' , p. 199-200.


==location==
According to some reports from the year 1391 SH (2012-2013 CE), the Cemetery of the Martyrs of Fakh was destroyed and turned into a garbage dump.(4) ISNA, news code: 91090602351.
The house of [[Fatima(a)]], which is also known as the house of Imām ʿAlī(a), was located behind the house of the Prophet(a) (the house of ʿĀʾisha).<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 203; Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, ''Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa al-Masjid al-ḥarām'', p. 270. </ref>
Behind this house from the north direction, the Tahjud column[2. Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ‘’Wafāʾ al-wafā p. Vol2. P47,58. Ansārī, Nājī Muḥammad Ḥ. . Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa masjid-i sharīf-p81.  ’Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafap. 270] and next to that column was the Tahjud altar,[3. Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ‘’Wafāʾ al-wafā. Vol2.p47. ]  where the Messenger of God (pbuh) spent the night and prayed at night[4. *Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ‘’Wafāʾ al-wafā.  Vol2 p47] and now the northern side of the shrine It is the Prophet (PBUH). [5. Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl. ‘’Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna’p219] If someone stands in the mihrab of Tahjud, the door of Gabriel is on his left [6. Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ‘’Wafāʾ al-wafā p. Vol2. P47.  Ansārī, Nājī Muḥammad Ḥ. . Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa masjid-i sharīf. p81.  ’Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafap. 270] and the position of Gabriel is on his right [7. Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl. ‘’Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna. P.228,229].
This house was destroyed and now there is no trace of it. Its current location is inside the chamber and shrine of the Prophet (PBUH)[8. Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl. ‘’Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna.p.203,210.Baṣīrī, ʿAlī Riḍā. Gulwāzhihāy-i  ḥajj wa ʿumrah.p412 ], the total of these two is called the Holy Chamber and its area is about 240 square meters.[9.Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl. ‘’Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna.p.219.Baṣīrī, ʿAlī Riḍā. Gulwāzhihāy-i  ḥajj wa ʿumrah.p412 ]
The doors of the house
Fatima’s house had two doors: a door to the east; It means an alley and a door to the west; That is, inside the mosque and parallel to the columns of delegations and guards. [10. Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ‘’Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna’’p203.Najmī, Muḥammad Ṣādiq. ‘’Tārīkh-i ḥarām-i aʾimma-yi Baqīʿp.152  ] The door on the west side, which opens to the mosque, was located next to Gabriel’s place (the square column of the tomb).[11. Ansārī, Nājī Muḥammad Ḥasan ʿabdu l-qādir al-. Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa masjid-i sharīf-i nabawī.p.80,81. Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ‘’Wafāʾ al-wafā  vol.2.p46,57]The door that is now known as the door of Fatima’s house on the side of Bab Gabriel is the same door that opened to the alley.[12. Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ‘’Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna’’p.203]
Demolition of Fatima’s house and adding it to the mosque
This house was in place until the time of Walid bin Abdul Malik, the Umayyad caliph (reign: 86-96 AH). In the expansion of the mosque in the year 88 lunar year by the order of Walid and by the hand of Omar bin Abdul Aziz, the governor of the Two Holy Mosques (87-93 AH), Hassan Mushani, the son of Imam Hassan Mojtabi (a.s.), and Fatimah, the daughter of Imam Hussein (a.s.), who lived there. They were forced out of it and the house was destroyed and joined to the mosque.[13.Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ‘’Wafāʾ al-wafā vol 2.p89,90]
Prophet’s cell
The Prophet’s (pbuh) room, which is also known as the honorable room, is the house where the Prophet and Aisha lived. This cell was next to the Prophet’s Mosque and next to Fatima’s house. The Prophet (PBUH) was buried in this house.
The dignity of the house of Fatima
According to a tradition, the Prophet (PBUH) used to come to the door of Fatimah’s house for forty days and put his hand on the door frame and say: “Peace be upon you, O people of the house; Peace be upon you, O Ahl al-Bayt” and then reads the verse of purification, which is about the purity of the Ahl al-Bayt from impurity. [14. Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ‘’Wafāʾ al-wafā. Vol.2 p46. wāʾiẓ khargūshī, ʿAbdu  l- Malik. Sharaf al- Muṣṭafā. Vol 2.p445]
The narration of Sadwa al-Abab is also considered as one of the signs of the dignity of the house of Ali and Fatima (a.s.) and its residents. According to this narration, the Prophet (PBUH) ordered to close the doors of the houses that opened to the mosque, except the house of Ali (PBUH) and Fatima (PBUH).[15.Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ‘’Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa’vol 2.p205.’ Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ‘’Al-Rawḍa min al-kāfī’’vol 5p.340. Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ‘’Wafāʾ al-wafā  vol 2.p63,67]
Also, based on a narration from the Prophet (PBUH), the house of Fatima is considered the best example of the houses mentioned in verse 36 of Surah Noor; There are houses in which God’s name is mentioned and the glorification of God is said in the morning and in the evening.[16.*Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ‘’Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān’’vol7.p227 .Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ‘’Biḥār al-anwār’’.vol23.p325.Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ‘’Mir’āt al-‘uqūl’’vol5.p68]
This house is one of the places where it is believed that Hazrat Fatimah (PBUH) was buried.[17.Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ‘’Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh’’vol 2.p572 .Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ‘’Tahdhīb al-aḥkāmvol.6.p.9’’Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ‘’Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna p.208’’]


==Notes==
The Martyr of Fakh
{{Notes}}
Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī ibn Ḥasan al-Muthallath ibn Ḥasan al-Muthannā, son of Imam Hasan al-Mujtaba (peace be upon him), known as Ṣāḥib al-Fakh(5) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 364.
==references==
He was the leader of a revolt against the Abbasid government, which is referred to as the Incident of Fakh or the Uprising of Fakh(6) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 366-367.
{{References}
*Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl. ‘’Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna’’. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1382 Sh.
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ‘’Biḥār al-anwār’’. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
*Najmī, Muḥammad Ṣādiq. ‘’Tārīkh-i ḥarām-i aʾimma-yi Baqīʿ wa āthār-i digār dar madīna-yi munawwara’’. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386 Sh.
*Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ‘’Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa al-Masjid al-ḥarām wa al-Madīna al-sharīfa wa al-qabr al-sharīf’’. Edited by al-ʿAdwī, Mecca: Maktabat al-tijārīyya Muṣṭafā Aḥmad al-Bāz. 1416 AH.
*Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ‘’Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna’’. 4th edition. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381 Sh
*Ansārī, Nājī Muḥammad Ḥasan ʿabdu l-qādir al-. Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa masjid-i sharīf-i nabawī. Translated by ʿAbdu  l- Muḥammad, Āyatī, Tehran: Mashʿar, 1385 sh.
*Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ‘’Tahdhīb al-aḥkām’’. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH.
*wāʾiẓ khargūshī, ʿAbdu  l- Malik. Sharaf al- Muṣṭafā. Mecca: Dār al-Bashāʾir, 1424 AH.
*Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. ‘’Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā’’. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭā. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya,1410AH-1990.
*Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ‘’Al-Rawḍa min al-kāfī’’. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Tehran: 1389 AH


*Baṣīrī, ʿAlī Riḍā. Gulwāzhihāy-i ḥajj wa ʿumrah.  Tehran: Mashʿar, 1387 sh.
Ṣāḥib al-Fakh was martyred on the 8th of Dhul-Hijjah in the year 169 AH (Yawm al-Tarwiyah) in the Fakh region during the battle against the army of Hādī al-‘Abbāsī (reigned 169–170 AH), along with most of his soldiers, including about 100 of the Hasanid descendants(7) ʿ Amīn Āmīlī,, '' A‘yān al-Shīʿa'',vol. 6, p. 97.
*Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ‘’Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān’’. Edited by Muḥammad Jawād Balāghī. 3rd edition. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Nāṣir Khusraw, 1372 Sh.
According to al-Ḥamawī, a 7th-century AH historian, the bodies of the martyrs, after remaining on the ground for three days and being preyed upon by wild animals, were buried in the place now known as the Cemetery of the Martyrs of Fakh.(8) Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, '' Muʿjam al-Buldān'',vol. 4, p. 238.
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ‘’Mir’āt al-‘uqūl’’. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.
The Martyr of Fakh, or Ṣāḥib al-Fakh, began his uprising from Medina.(9) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 372.
*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ‘’Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh’’. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Qom: Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1413 AH.
After taking control of the city, due to the approaching Hajj season, he moved toward Mecca with 300 of his companions and close followers.
*Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ‘’Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa’’. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt, 1414 AH.
But upon reaching the Fakh region, he confronted the Abbasid army, commanded by ʿAbbās ibn Muḥammad (a descendant of ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAbbās), and in this battle all of his army were martyred, with only a few captured. Some of his relatives, including his uncle Idrīs ibn ʿAbdullāh, managed to escape Idrīs fled to the Maghreb and established the Idrisid dynasty there.(10) Various Authors, ''Tārīkh al-Tashayyūʿ''. Vol. 1, p. 263.
*Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ‘’Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā’’. Edited by Muḥammad Muḥyi al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: 1984.
Other Graves
It is said that ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb(11) Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-Kubrā'',vol. 4, p. 142.
And a number of the ṣaḥābah (companions of the Prophet) are also buried in the Fakh region(12) Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, '' Muʿjam al-Buldān'',vol. 4, p. 238.
There is also a report of the burial of ʿAbdullāh ibn Zubayr in Fakh(13) Jaʿfarīān, '',Āthār Islāmiyya Makkah wa Madīnah '', p. 200.
Virtue / Merit
 
According to a narration, the Messenger of God (peace be upon him), while traveling from Medina to Mecca, performed ghusl (ritual purification) at Fakh, which was six miles from Mecca [and is now part of the city of Mecca], before entering Mecca.(14) Ḥumayrī, '' al-Rawḍ al-Miʿṭār fī Khabar al-Aqṭār'', p. 436.
 
According to another narration, the Prophet (peace be upon him) stood in ṣalāh (prayer) at this place and wept during the prayer The Prophet explained that he wept because one of his descendants would be martyred at this place.(15) ) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 366-367.
 
 
Also, Imam Ja‘far al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him), while passing through this place, foretold the martyrdom of one of his Ahl al-Bayt at this location.(16) ) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 367. , Muḥaddith Qumī, ''Muntahā al-Āmāl'', vol. 1, p. 261.
 
 
Sheikh Tusi, in his book Rijāl, considered Ṣāḥib al-Fakh to be among the companions of Imam Ja‘far al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him(17) Ṭūsī, '' Rijāl al-Ṭūsī'', p. 489.
 
It is narrated that Imam Musa al-Kāẓim (peace be upon him) honored the Martyr of Fakh(18) Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, '' Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn '',p. 380.
 
Miqāt for Children
 
According to Shia jurists, based on narrations, Fakh is considered the miqāt (designated station for entering ihrām) for children.(19) Rūḥānī, '' al-Murtaqā ilā al-Fiqh al-Arqā '', vol. 2, p. 28.
In a narration, Imam Ja‘far al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him), in response to the question of where the sewn garments of children could be removed [and where they could be made to enter ihrām], said: “My father, Imam Muhammad al-Bāqir (peace be upon him), would remove the children’s garments at Fakh and make them enter ihrām.”(20) Kulaynī, ''  al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 303. , Shaykh Ṣadūq, '' Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh'' , vol. 2, p. 433.
Some jurists believe that the guardian of a child can make the child enter ihrām at one of the five designated miqāts on their behalf—by intending on their behalf and reciting the Talbiyah—but the act of removing the child’s garments and putting on the ihrām can be delayed until reaching Fakh.(21) Anṣārī, '' Maʿālim al-Dīn fī Fiqh Āl Yāsīn ''  ,vol. 1, p. 230. , Rūḥānī, '' al-Murtaqā ilā al-Fiqh al-Arqā '', vol. 2, p. 28.
 
Most Shia jurists believe that the actual ihrām for children can be performed from Fakh, serving as their designated miqāt.(22) Anṣārī, '' Mawsūʿat Aḥkām al-Aṭfāl wa Adillatuhā'' , vol. 5, p. 282.
Of course, this applies to cases other than Ḥajj al-Tamattu
 
Some contemporary jurists, such as Muhammad-Taqi Bahjat, hold that the guardian of a child can make the child enter ihrām at one of the well-known miqāts and may delay the removal of the sewn garments and putting on the ihrām until reaching Fakh.(23) Iftikhārī Golpāygānī, '' Ārāʾ al-Marājiʿ fī al-Ḥajj ʿalā Ḍawʾ Fatāwā al-Imām al-Khomeynī. '', vol. 1, p. 34.
Sunni jurists are either opposed to this or remain silent on the matter. However, some of them say that there is no problem in delaying the ihrām of a child until reaching the Ḥaram (the Sacred Mosque) or near it(24) Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr al-Qurṭubī, '' al-Kāfī fī Fiqh Ahl al-Madīnah '',vol. 1, p. 411.
 
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