Wuquf at 'Arafat: Difference between revisions

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In the ahadith, wuquf in Arafat is described as the "reality of Hajj" and the "Greatest Hajj" (Hajj Akbar). According to these narrations, the time and place of wuquf in Arafat correspond to the time and place where the repentance of Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) was accepted. The tradition of wuquf in Arafat dates back to pre-Islamic times. Followers of religions that prescribed pilgrimage have, throughout history, performed wuquf in Arafat during their pilgrimages. Fasting, repentance, recitation of special prayers, and the supplication of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) on the day of Arafah are recommended (mustahabb) acts and etiquettes associated with wuquf in Arafat.

[[~~Category~~:~~Completed articles~~]]

==Conceptual Understanding and Status==

The term **“Wuquf”** literally means **standing and stopping**, and in the terminology of [[Hajj]], it refers to **remaining in a specific place**.<ref>Hajj Rituals Textbook, p. 57.</ref> **"Wuquf in Arafat"** means **staying in [[Arafat]]** and is the second obligatory act of [[Hajj]].<ref>Dictionary of Hajj and Umrah Terms, p. 275.</ref>

Wuquf in Arafat is one of the pillars of [[Hajj al-Tamattu’|Hajj al-Tamattu’]], and if it is not performed, the Hajj becomes invalid. In the narrations, the essence and reality of Hajj is considered to be Arafat itself,<ref>Mustadrak al-Wasa'il, vol. 10, p. 34.</ref> and in some narrations, wuquf in Arafat is called [[Hajj Akbar|Hajj Akbar]].<ref>Al-Kafi, vol. 4, p. 265.</ref>

According to the narrations, wuquf in Arafat is regarded as **standing before God**. Based on these narrations, one of the greatest sins is for a person to be present in Arafat yet think that God has not forgiven him.<ref>Al-Kafi, vol. 4, p. 541, hadith 7; see also: Al-Muraqabat, vol. 2, p. 225.</ref>

==Historical Background==

Followers of religions that mandated [[Hajj]] have, throughout all ages, performed wuquf in Arafat during their pilgrimage. Even during the [[Jahiliyyah|pre-Islamic period]], a group from the [[Jurhum|Jurhami]] tribe, following the example of [[Prophet Ibrahim (A)]] performed wuquf in Arafat.<ref name=":0">Hajj in Islamic Thought, p. 234, quoting: Akhbar Makkah, Azraqi, vol. 1, p. 117.</ref>

Some tribes of [[Quraysh]] and [[Jarallah|residents of Mecca]] refrained from performing wuquf in Arafat.<ref name=":0" /> Even before migrating from [[Mecca]] to [[Medina]], [[Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)]] did not perform wuquf with the Quraysh but rather with the people in Arafat.<ref>Hajj in Islamic Thought, p. 235, quoting Akhbar Makkah, Azraqi, vol. 1, p. 195.</ref>

==Rulings==

Wuquf in Arafat is obligatory from noon on [[Day of Arafah|the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah]] until sunset. This wuquf, to the extent that staying there (even for a short time) is fulfilled, is also considered a [[Pillars of Hajj|pillar of Hajj]], and if it is not performed, the Hajj becomes invalid.<ref>See: Manasik Hajj, pp. 450-451.</ref>

===Time===

According to [[Shia]] jurisprudence, the time for wuquf in Arafat is from noon on the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah ([[Day of Arafah|Arafah]]) until the legal sunset, during which the pilgrim must remain there completely; therefore, it should start a moment before the legal noon and end a moment after the sunset to ensure certainty that the entire time was spent in Arafat. If someone intentionally enters Arafat later, they have sinned, and if they leave before the legal sunset, in addition to sin, they are obliged to offer one camel as expiation.<ref>See: Manasik Hajj, pp. 451-452.</ref>

According to the [[Hanafi|Hanafis]], [[Shafi'i|Shafi'is]] and [[Maliki|Malikis]], the time for wuquf in Arafat is from the zenith (zawal) of the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah until dawn of the 10th ([[Eid al-Adha]]). However, the [[Hanbali|Hanbalis]] consider the time from dawn of the 9th until dawn of the 10th.<ref>Al-Fiqh 'ala al-Madhahib al-Khamsa, vol. 1, p. 250.</ref>

===Place===

[[File:تابلو بدایة عرفات.jpg|thumb|One of the yellow signs of "Bidayat Arafat," marking the beginning boundary of [[Arafat]].|alt=]]

The place of wuquf in Arafat is the desert of [[Arafat]], wherever it may be. Today, the boundaries of Arafat are marked with yellow signs stating on the outside: "بِدایَةُ عرفات; Beginning of Arafat" and on the inside: "نِهایَةُ عرفات; End of Arafat".<ref>See: Manasik al-Hajj wa Ahkam al-Umrah, p. 112.</ref> Pilgrims during wuquf in Arafat should not cross beyond these boundaries. If someone stays outside Arafat for some time and then returns, although they have sinned, their wuquf is still valid. However, some jurists recommend an expiation of one camel as a precaution.<ref>See: Manasik Hajj, p. 451.</ref>

===Voluntary and Necessitated Wuquf===

According to Shia jurists, those without valid excuses must remain in [[Arafat]] for the entire period (from noon to sunset); this wuquf is called "voluntary wuquf". Those who have valid excuses and cannot go to Arafat on the day of Arafah, or those who did not reach the voluntary wuquf for some reasons, must stay in Arafat for part of the night of [[Eid al-Adha]]; this wuquf is called "necessitated wuquf".<ref>See: Manasik al-Hajj wa Ahkam al-Umrah, p. 113; Manasik Hajj, p. 453.</ref>

==Recommended Acts==

Some of the recommended acts and etiquettes of wuquf in Arafat are as follows:<ref>See: Manasik Hajj, pp. 457-461.</ref>

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 In the ahadith, wuquf in Arafat is described as the "reality of Hajj" and the "Greatest Hajj" (Hajj Akbar). According to these narrations, the time and place of wuquf in Arafat correspond to the time and place where the repentance of Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) was accepted. The tradition of wuquf in Arafat dates back to pre-Islamic times. Followers of religions that prescribed pilgrimage have, throughout history, performed wuquf in Arafat during their pilgrimages. Fasting, repentance, recitation of special prayers, and the supplication of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) on the day of Arafah are recommended (mustahabb) acts and etiquettes associated with wuquf in Arafat.
-[[Category:Completed articles]]
+==Conceptual Understanding and Status==
+The term **“Wuquf”** literally means **standing and stopping**, and in the terminology of [[Hajj]], it refers to **remaining in a specific place**.<ref>Hajj Rituals Textbook, p. 57.</ref> **"Wuquf in Arafat"** means **staying in [[Arafat]]** and is the second obligatory act of [[Hajj]].<ref>Dictionary of Hajj and Umrah Terms, p. 275.</ref>
+Wuquf in Arafat is one of the pillars of [[Hajj al-Tamattu’|Hajj al-Tamattu’]], and if it is not performed, the Hajj becomes invalid. In the narrations, the essence and reality of Hajj is considered to be Arafat itself,<ref>Mustadrak al-Wasa'il, vol. 10, p. 34.</ref> and in some narrations, wuquf in Arafat is called [[Hajj Akbar|Hajj Akbar]].<ref>Al-Kafi, vol. 4, p. 265.</ref>
+According to the narrations, wuquf in Arafat is regarded as **standing before God**. Based on these narrations, one of the greatest sins is for a person to be present in Arafat yet think that God has not forgiven him.<ref>Al-Kafi, vol. 4, p. 541, hadith 7; see also: Al-Muraqabat, vol. 2, p. 225.</ref>
+==Historical Background==
+Followers of religions that mandated [[Hajj]] have, throughout all ages, performed wuquf in Arafat during their pilgrimage. Even during the [[Jahiliyyah|pre-Islamic period]], a group from the [[Jurhum|Jurhami]] tribe, following the example of [[Prophet Ibrahim (A)]] performed wuquf in Arafat.<ref name=":0">Hajj in Islamic Thought, p. 234, quoting: Akhbar Makkah, Azraqi, vol. 1, p. 117.</ref>
+Some tribes of [[Quraysh]] and [[Jarallah|residents of Mecca]] refrained from performing wuquf in Arafat.<ref name=":0" /> Even before migrating from [[Mecca]] to [[Medina]], [[Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)]] did not perform wuquf with the Quraysh but rather with the people in Arafat.<ref>Hajj in Islamic Thought, p. 235, quoting Akhbar Makkah, Azraqi, vol. 1, p. 195.</ref>
+==Rulings==
+Wuquf in Arafat is obligatory from noon on [[Day of Arafah|the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah]] until sunset. This wuquf, to the extent that staying there (even for a short time) is fulfilled, is also considered a [[Pillars of Hajj|pillar of Hajj]], and if it is not performed, the Hajj becomes invalid.<ref>See: Manasik Hajj, pp. 450-451.</ref>
+===Time===
+According to [[Shia]] jurisprudence, the time for wuquf in Arafat is from noon on the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah ([[Day of Arafah|Arafah]]) until the legal sunset, during which the pilgrim must remain there completely; therefore, it should start a moment before the legal noon and end a moment after the sunset to ensure certainty that the entire time was spent in Arafat. If someone intentionally enters Arafat later, they have sinned, and if they leave before the legal sunset, in addition to sin, they are obliged to offer one camel as expiation.<ref>See: Manasik Hajj, pp. 451-452.</ref>
+According to the [[Hanafi|Hanafis]], [[Shafi'i|Shafi'is]] and [[Maliki|Malikis]], the time for wuquf in Arafat is from the zenith (zawal) of the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah until dawn of the 10th ([[Eid al-Adha]]). However, the [[Hanbali|Hanbalis]] consider the time from dawn of the 9th until dawn of the 10th.<ref>Al-Fiqh 'ala al-Madhahib al-Khamsa, vol. 1, p. 250.</ref>
+===Place===
+[[File:تابلو بدایة عرفات.jpg|thumb|One of the yellow signs of "Bidayat Arafat," marking the beginning boundary of [[Arafat]].|alt=]]
+{{main|Arafat}}
+The place of wuquf in Arafat is the desert of [[Arafat]], wherever it may be. Today, the boundaries of Arafat are marked with yellow signs stating on the outside: "بِدایَةُ عرفات; Beginning of Arafat" and on the inside: "نِهایَةُ عرفات; End of Arafat".<ref>See: Manasik al-Hajj wa Ahkam al-Umrah, p. 112.</ref> Pilgrims during wuquf in Arafat should not cross beyond these boundaries. If someone stays outside Arafat for some time and then returns, although they have sinned, their wuquf is still valid. However, some jurists recommend an expiation of one camel as a precaution.<ref>See: Manasik Hajj, p. 451.</ref>
+===Voluntary and Necessitated Wuquf===
+According to Shia jurists, those without valid excuses must remain in [[Arafat]] for the entire period (from noon to sunset); this wuquf is called "voluntary wuquf". Those who have valid excuses and cannot go to Arafat on the day of Arafah, or those who did not reach the voluntary wuquf for some reasons, must stay in Arafat for part of the night of [[Eid al-Adha]]; this wuquf is called "necessitated wuquf".<ref>See: Manasik al-Hajj wa Ahkam al-Umrah, p. 113; Manasik Hajj, p. 453.</ref>
+==Recommended Acts==
+Some of the recommended acts and etiquettes of wuquf in Arafat are as follows:<ref>See: Manasik Hajj, pp. 457-461.</ref>