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"Hananeh Column"
{{Building
| title = Salman al-Farsi Mosque
| image =سلمان.jpg
| image size =
| image link =
| image description =
| other names =
| place = [[Saudi Arabia]] * [[Medina]] * Near the [[Fath Mosque]] and at the edge of Mount Sela' 
| usage = Mosque
| religious affiliation = Islam
| beliefs =
| rituals =
| rulings =
| pilgrims =
| visitors =
| time of construction = 1st century AH
| founder =
| events =
| reconstructions =
| reconstructors =
| missing parts =
| historical features = The place where the Prophet(s) prayed
| trustee =
| space =
| length =
| width =
| height =
| status = Existing
| capacity =
| facilities =
| parts =
| architect =
| style =
| properties =
| domes =
| minarets =
| doors =
| porticos =
| courts =
| verandas =
| affiliated entity =
| maintaining entity =
| administrator =
| imam of prayer =
| subsidiary entities =
| registered in =
| registration no. =
| registration date =
| website =
| latitude =  24.477443
| longitude = 39.595562
| map description =
}} 
'''Salman al-Farsi Mosque''' is one of the historical mosques in Medina, located south of the [[Fath Mosque (Medina)|Fath Mosque]] and northwest of [[Mount Sela']]. The Prophet (PBUH) prayed at this site during the [[Battle of the Trench]]. The mosque is named after [[Salman al-Farsi]], one of the companions of [[Prophet Muhammad(s)], who suggested digging the trench to defend against the Quraysh army. The mosque features a courtyard and a rectangular prayer hall. 


The Hananeh Column (the weeping column) was the trunk of a date palm tree that was present in the Prophet's Mosque during the life of the Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him). The Prophet used to lean on it while delivering sermons to the worshippers.
==Name and Location== 
"It is narrated that after a pulpit was made for the Messenger of Allah, a sound similar to crying and lamenting came from the trunk of the palm tree. For this reason, it was called the Hananeh Column. According to some reports, people thought the Hananeh Column was one of the columns of the Prophet's Mosque; however, this has been refuted by some historians.
Salman al-Farsi Mosque is located south of the [[Fath Mosque]] and northwest of the slopes of [[Mount Sela']].<ref name=":0">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Masajid_al-Athariya.pdf&page=143 Masājid al-Athariya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 143.]</ref> It is said that the mosque was named after [[Salman al-Farsi]], a companion of the Prophet (PBUH), who played a key role in the [[Battle of the Trench]] by proposing the idea of digging the trench.<ref name=":0" />  
It is said that the trunk of that tree was buried in the Prophet's Mosque somewhere next to the pulpit of the Messenger of Allah and the Makhlagha Column.
"Historical background"
The Prophet of Islam (PBUH) used to lean against the trunk of a date palm tree and speak before a pulpit was made. After the pulpit was made in the sixth or seventh year)1) Majlisī,''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 21, p. 47.
or the eighth year of Hijra(2) Khwārizmī, "Ithārah al-targhīb wa al-tashwīq", vol. 2, p. 383.
the first time he used the pulpit for a speech and sermon, a moaning sound came from that tree trunk, similar to the moaning of a she-camel separated from its baby or like the sound of a cow(3) Al-Bayhaqī , ''Dalāʾil al-nubuwwah'', vol. 2, p. 563-564 , Ibn Sayyid al-Nās ,''ʿUyūn al-athar'', vol. 1, p. 278. , Al-Ḥalabī ,''Al-Sīrah al-Ḥalabīyah'', vol. 2, p. 366.
was heard. At this moment, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) descended from the pulpit and embraced the tree trunk or placed his hand on it until its moaning stopped.(4) Khargūshī,''Sharaf al-nabī'', p. 430. , Saʿīd ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Qaṭb al-Rāwand, '' Al-Kharāʾij wa al-Jarāʾiḥ'', vol. 1, p. 165-166.
According to the book "Muntaha al-Amal," this incident was one of the miracles of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH). According to a narration, the Prophet said that if he had not embraced the tree trunk, it would have continued moaning until the Day of Judgment.(5) Qummī, ''Muntahā al-āmāl'', vol. 1, p. 84.
"name"
They named this tree trunk "Hannana." Hannana is derived from the root "Ḥannā," which means a melodious or sorrowful sound.(6) . Ibn Fāris ,''Muʿjam maqāyīs al-lughah'', vol. 2, p. 24.
Additionally, in Arabic hadith and geographical sources, it is known as "al-Jid‘," which means the tree trunk.(7) Al-Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 106.
"The fate of the tree trunk."
Most reports indicate that this tree trunk was buried in the mosque, near the pulpit of the Prophet, at that very time.(8) al-Murāghī, ''Taḥqīq al-Naṣrah bi-Talakhῑṣ Maʿālim Dār al-Hijrah'', p. 237.
Some have said it was buried beneath the pulpit, some have said at the bottom left of the pulpit, and others have said it was buried to the east of the pulpit.(9) al-Murāghī, ''Taḥqīq al-Naṣrah bi-Talakhῑṣ Maʿālim Dār al-Hijrah'', p. 237.
According to one narration, the Prophet spoke to the tree trunk and asked if it wished to be a fruit-bearing tree in Paradise, from which the friends of God would eat its fruits, or if it preferred to be returned to the garden it once belonged to. It chose Paradise and eternal life.(10) Al-Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 108.
According to reports, the location where the trunk of Hannana was placed was near the column of creation.(11) Al-Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 114.
"Common beliefs"
Reports from certain historical periods suggest that people believed one of the pillars of the Prophet's Mosque was the same pillar as Hannana. Ibn Jubayr (who traveled to Medina between 578-588 AH) reports that people would touch and kiss a piece of wood protruding from under the column's covering for blessing.(12) Muḥammad b. Aḥmad,''Riḥlat Ibn Jubayr'', p. 149-150.
Ibn Battuta also mentions this report in his travelogue(13) ) Muḥammad b. Aḥmad,''Riḥlat Ibn Jubayr'', p. 149-150. , Ibn Baṭṭūṭah,''Riḥlat Ibn Baṭṭūṭah'', vol. 1, p. 153.
Matari, an eighth-century Hijri historian, also reported a similar account and emphasized the inaccuracy of this belief(14) Maṭarī, ''Al-Taʿrīf bimā ʾānasat al-hijra min maʿālim dār al-hijra'', p. 93.
Maraghi mentions in "Tahqiq al-Nasra" that, by the order of the judge of Medina in 755 AH, this part of the wood was covered.(15) al-Murāghī, ''Taḥqīq al-Naṣrah bi-Talakhῑṣ Maʿālim Dār al-Hijrah'', p. 241.
"The virtues of the Hannana column"
According to some Shia narrations, praying beside Hannana(16) Nūrī, '' Mustadrak al-wasāʾil '', vol. 3, p. 426. , Muʿizī Malāyirī, '' Jāmiʿ aḥādīth al-Shīʿa'', vol. 4, p. 515.
has been recommended. It is said that in these narrations, Hannana likely refers to its location in the Prophet's Mosque(17)*
"In mystical literature"
The story of the tree trunk weeping in the absence of the Prophet of Islam has been a focal point in the mystical literature of Muslims.(18)*
It has been narrated from Hasan al-Basri that when he was narrating the Hadith of the Trunk, he would cry and say, "A piece of wood weeps out of longing for the Messenger of Allah. O servants of God, your longing should be even greater(19) Al-Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 108.
Jalal ad-Din Mohammad Balkhi, an Iranian mystic and poet (d. 672 AH), has composed about the Hannana column(20)*
"The Hannana column laments from the Prophet's departure, like the masters of intellects."
The Prophet asked, "What do you desire, O pillar?" It replied, "My soul has turned to blood due to your separation."
The Prophet asked, "Do you wish to be turned into a palm tree? Both east and west yield fruits because of you."
Or in that realm, would you like God to grant you a cypress? So you remain fresh and verdant forever.
It replied, "I desire eternal existence." Listen, O heedless one, don't underestimate even a piece of wood.
"They buried that column in the ground, so that on the Day of Judgment, like people, it will rise again."


References
==The Prophet's Prayer== 
."Ithārah al-targhīb wa al-tashwīq", Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Khwārizmī, edited by Muṣṭafā Muḥammad Ḥusayn Dhahabī. Mecca: by Maktabat Nizār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1418 AH.
Salman al-Farsi Mosque is one of the [[Fath Mosques]]. According to narrations, the Prophet (PBUH) prayed at the Fath Mosque and its surrounding mosques.<ref name=":4">Al-Durra al-Thamina fi Tarikh al-Madina, Ibn Najjar, p. 189.</ref> Ibn Shabba reports that during the [[Battle of the Trench]], the Prophet prayed at the base of Mount Sela' and then ascended the mountain to supplicate.<ref name=":2">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Tarikh_al-Madina_al-Munawwara_Ibn_Shabba.pdf&page=59 Tarikh al-Madina al-Munawwara, Ibn Shabba, pp. 58–59.]</ref> Researchers believe this site to be the same as Salman al-Farsi Mosque.<ref name=":1">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Masajid_al-Athariya.pdf&page=144 Masājid al-Athariya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 144.]</ref> 
. (Tārīkh va āṯār-e Islāmī Makka Makramah va Madīnah Munawwarah) by Asghar Qāʾedān. Tehran: Nashr-e Mashʿar, 1372 SH. ⁷⁹
 
. al-Naṣrah bi-Talakhῑṣ Maʿālim Dār al-Hijrah) by Zayn al-Dīn Abū Bakr ibn Ḥusayn ibn ʿUmar al-Murāghī. Edited by ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥīm ʿAsīlān. First edition, 1422 AH (2002 CE). ⁴⁶
==History== 
.Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
Salman al-Farsi Mosque is one of the oldest mosques in [[Medina]]. Some scholars suggest that it was likely built during the governorship of [[Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz]] over Medina (87–101 AH).<ref name=":6">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Al-Madina_al-Munawwara_Tatawwuruhā_al-ʿUmrānī.pdf&page=188 Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Tatawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī, p. 188.]</ref> The mention of the mosque in the works of Ibn Shabba<ref name=":2" /> (who lived between 173–262 AH) indicates that the mosque existed in the 2nd century AH.
. (Jāmeʿ-e Aḥādīth al-Shīʿa) by Ismāʿīl Maʿzī Malāyerī. Qom: Al-Maṭbaʿah al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1399 AH. ¹
 
. (Al-Kharāʾij wa al-Jarāʾiḥ) by Saʿīd ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Qaṭb al-Rāwandī. Qom: Muʾassasat al-Imām al-Mahdī (ʿa), 1409 AH. ⁷⁹
Ibn al-Barraj (d. 481 AH) also mentioned this mosque.<ref>Al-Muhadhdhab, Ibn al-Barraj, vol. 1, p. 283.</ref> The mosque was reconstructed in 577 AH.<ref name=":5">Bahjat al-Nufus wa al-Asrar fi Tarikh Dar Hijrat al-Nabi al-Mukhtar, Marjani, vol. 1, p. 570.</ref><ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Al-Madina_al-Munawwara_Tatawwuruhā_al-ʿUmrānī.pdf&page=189 Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Tatawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī, p. 189.]</ref> After this reconstruction, [[Ibn Najjar]] described the mosque as being surrounded by numerous palm trees and constructed with stone and plaster.<ref name=":4" /> Some Shia sources from the 7th century AH mention prayers and visits to this mosque.<ref>Al-Mazar, Muhammad ibn Jaʿfar al-Mashhadi, p. 102.</ref><ref>Misbah al-Zaʾir, Sayyid Ibn Tawus, p. 64.</ref> 
.(Al-Durrah al-Thamīnah fī Akhbār al-Madīnah) by Muḥammad ibn Maḥmūd al-Najjār (d. 643 AH). Edited by Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn. Riyadh: Markaz Baḥth wa Dirāsāt al-Madīnah, 1427 AH (2006 CE). ¹³
 
. Al-Bayhaqī (d. 458 AH). ''Dalāʾil al-nubuwwah''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Muʿṭī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah, 1405 AH.
[[Ibn Jubayr]] (d. 614 AH) described the mosque in his travelogue as being on the way to [[Mount Uhud]].<ref>Rihlat Ibn Jubayr, p. 156.</ref> The mosque is also mentioned in works from the 8th century,<ref>Rihlat Ibn Battuta, vol. 1, p. 363 / Bahjat al-Nufus wa al-Asrar fi Tarikh Dar Hijrat al-Nabi al-Mukhtar, Marjani, vol. 1, p. 570.</ref> 9th century,<ref>Al-Tuhfa al-Latifa fi Tarikh al-Madina al-Sharifa, Sakhavi, vol. 1, p. 40. / Itharat al-Targhib wa al-Tashwiq (with Ziyarat Bayt al-Maqdis by Ibn Taymiyya), Khwarizmi, vol. 2, p. 74.</ref> 10th century,<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Wafa_al-Wafa_Samhudi_Vol3.pdf&page=189 Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ, Samhudi, vol. 3, p. 189.]</ref> and 11th century.<ref>Al-Jawahir al-Thamina fi Mahasin al-Madina, p. 135 / Al-Rihla al-ʿAyyashiyya, vol. 1, p. 392.</ref> 
. Ibn Baṭṭūṭah (d. 779 AH). ''Riḥlat Ibn Baṭṭūṭah''. Translated by Muḥammad ʿAlī Muwahhid. Tehran: ʿIlmī wa-Farhangī, 1376 SH.
 
. Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. 614 AH). ''Riḥlat Ibn Jubayr''. Beirut: Dār Maktabat al-Hilāl, 1986 CE.
==Current Status== 
. Al-Ḥalabī (d. 1044 AH). ''Al-Sīrah al-Ḥalabīyah''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah, 1400 AH.
Today, Salman al-Farsi Mosque remains a site of visitation and prayer for pilgrims.<ref name=":3">Athar Islami Makka wa Madina, Jaʿfariyan, p. 300.</ref> The mosque features a covered prayer hall in the southern part (qibla side) and a courtyard in the northern section. The prayer hall is rectangular with an arched roof.<ref name=":1" /> The mosque is 8.5 meters long and 7 meters wide.<ref name=":6" /> 
. Khargūshī, Abū Saʿīd Wāʿiẓ. ''Sharaf al-nabī''. Edited by Roshan. Tehran: Bābak, 1361 SH.
 
. Ibn Sayyid al-Nās (d. 734 AH). ''ʿUyūn al-athar''. Beirut: Dār al-Qalam, 1414 AH.
==Historical Images== 
. Al-Amīnī (d. 1392 AH). ''Al-Ghadīr''. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1387 AH.
<gallery> 
. Al-Nūrī (d. 1320 AH). ''Mustadrak al-wasāʾil''. Beirut: Āl al-Bayt, 1408 AH.
File:غغب.jpg|alt= 
. Muḥammad Muḥammad Ḥasan Sharāb. ''Al-Maʿālim al-athīrah''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1383 SH.
File:1776097.jpg|alt= 
. Ibn Fāris (d. 395 AH). ''Muʿjam maqāyīs al-lughah''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Salām. Qom: Daftar Tablīghāt, 1404 AH.
File:سلمان2.jpg|alt= 
. Shaykh ʿAbbās Qummī. ''Muntahā al-āmāl''. Edited by Nāṣir Bāqir Bīdahandī. Qom: Intishārāt Dalīl, 1379 SH.
File:Cdn4.premiumread.jpg|alt= 
. Al-Samhūdī (d. 911 AH). ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ''. Edited by Qāsim al-Sāmarāʾī. London: Mūʾassasat al-Furqān lil-Turāth al-Islāmī, 2001 CE.
File:2024-09-03 06 39 50-الفتح، 7149 - حي - 3378، المدينة المنورة 42312، عربستان سعودی - Google Maps.png|alt=|According to the image, the mosque's entrance was blocked for some time.
</gallery>
 
==Recent Images==
<gallery> 
File:2024-09-03 07 11 04-Google Maps.png|alt= 
File:2024-09-03 07 06 12-Google Maps.png|Mihrab 
File:2024-09-03 06 59 44-Google Maps.png|alt=|Southern side of the mosque from the outside, showing the mihrab. 
File:2024-09-03 07 04 33-Google Maps.png|alt=|Images of the mosque before the installation of glass doors. 
File:2024-09-03 07 05 48-Google Maps.png|alt= 
File:2024-09-03 07 00 12-Google Maps.png|alt= 
File:Thumbnail sm MfPou8NzLmWlkOg.webp|alt= 
</gallery> 
 
==Notes== 
{{Notes}} 
 
==References==
{{References}} 
*Ibn al-Barraj, Al-Qāḍī.** *Al-Muhadhdhab*. Qom: Muʾassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1406 AH.
*Ibn Ṭāwūs, Sayyid.** *Miṣbāḥ al-Zāʾir*. Qom: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt, 1417 AH.
*Khwārizmī, Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq.** *Ithārat al-Targhīb wa al-Tashwīq (with Ziyārat Bayt al-Maqdis by Ibn Taymiyya)*. Mecca: Maktabat Nizār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1418 AH.
*Mashhadī, Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar.** *Al-Mazār*. Qom: Nashr al-Qayyūm, 1419 AH.
*Ibn Jubayr.** *Riḥlat Ibn Jubayr (Tadhkira bi al-Akhbār ʿan Ittifāqāt al-Asfār)*. Beirut: Al-Muʾassasa al-ʿArabiyya li al-Dirāsāt wa al-Nashr, 2008 CE.
*Ibn Baṭṭūṭa.** *Riḥlat Ibn Baṭṭūṭa (Tuḥfat al-Nuẓẓār fī Gharāʾib al-Amṣār wa ʿAjāʾib al-Asfār)*. Rabat: Akādīmiyyat al-Mamlaka al-Maghribiyya, 1417 AH.
*Sakhāwī, Shams al-Dīn.** *Al-Tuḥfa al-Laṭīfa fī Tārīkh al-Madīna al-Sharīfa*. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1414 AH/1993 CE.
*Ḥusaynī, Muḥammad Kabrīt al-Madanī.** *Al-Jawāhir al-Thamīna fī Maḥāsin al-Madīna*. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1417 AH.
*ʿAyyāshī, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad.** *Al-Riḥla al-ʿAyyāshiyya (1661–1663 CE)*. Abu Dhabi: Dār al-Suwaydī, 2006 CE.
*ʿAbd al-Ghanī, Muḥammad Ilyās.** *Masājid al-Āthārīya fī al-Madīna al-Munawwara*. Medina: Maṭābiʿ al-Rashīd, 1419 AH.
*Samhūdī, ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh.** *Wafāʾ al-Wafā bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā*. Edited by Qāsim al-Sāmarrāʾī. London: Muʾassasat al-Furqān, 2001 CE.
*Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl.** *Āthār Islāmī Makka wa Madīna*. Tehran: Nashr Mashʿar, 1390 SH.
*Ibn Najjār, Muḥammad ibn Maḥmūd.** *Al-Durra al-Thamīna fī Tārīkh al-Madīna*. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīniyya, n.d.
*Muṣṭafā, Ṣāliḥ Lamʿī.** *Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Taṭawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī*. Beirut: Dār al-Nahḍa al-ʿArabiyya, 1981 CE.
 
{{end}}
{{Places in Medina}} 
[[Category:Mosques in Medina]] 
[[Category:Completed articles]]
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