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Mosque of Abu Ben Ka'b
{{Building
| title = Salman al-Farsi Mosque  
| image =سلمان.jpg
| image size =
| image link =
| image description =
| other names =
| place = [[Saudi Arabia]] * [[Medina]] * Near the [[Fath Mosque]] and at the edge of Mount Sela' 
| usage = Mosque
| religious affiliation = Islam
| beliefs =
| rituals =
| rulings =
| pilgrims =
| visitors =
| time of construction = 1st century AH
| founder =
| events =
| reconstructions =
| reconstructors =
| missing parts =
| historical features = The place where the Prophet(s) prayed
| trustee =
| space =
| length =
| width =
| height =
| status = Existing
| capacity =
| facilities =
| parts =
| architect =
| style =
| properties =
| domes =
| minarets =
| doors =
| porticos =
| courts =
| verandas =
| affiliated entity =
| maintaining entity =
| administrator =
| imam of prayer =
| subsidiary entities =
| registered in =
| registration no. =
| registration date =
| website =
| latitude =  24.477443
| longitude = 39.595562
| map description =
}} 
'''Salman al-Farsi Mosque''' is one of the historical mosques in Medina, located south of the [[Fath Mosque (Medina)|Fath Mosque]] and northwest of [[Mount Sela']]. The Prophet (PBUH) prayed at this site during the [[Battle of the Trench]]. The mosque is named after [[Salman al-Farsi]], one of the companions of [[Prophet Muhammad(s)], who suggested digging the trench to defend against the Quraysh army. The mosque features a courtyard and a rectangular prayer hall. 


The Mosque of Abu Ben Ka'b, also known as the Mosque of Bani Judailah (Bani Hudailah) or the Mosque of Al-Baqi, was one of the ancient mosques in the city of Medina. It was constructed at the location of the Prophet's (PBUH) prayer area but is no longer present today. This mosque was situated inside the Baqi' Cemetery, west of the graves of the Mothers of the Believers and the grave of Aqil.
==Name and Location== 
Salman al-Farsi Mosque is located south of the [[Fath Mosque]] and northwest of the slopes of [[Mount Sela']].<ref name=":0">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Masajid_al-Athariya.pdf&page=143 Masājid al-Athariya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 143.]</ref> It is said that the mosque was named after [[Salman al-Farsi]], a companion of the Prophet (PBUH), who played a key role in the [[Battle of the Trench]] by proposing the idea of digging the trench.<ref name=":0" /> 


According to reports, this mosque was built during the time of Umar ibn Abdulaziz, the governor of Medina. However, it had been destroyed in the 8th and 9th centuries of the Islamic calendar. During the Ottoman rule, the mosque was reconstructed, but it was again ruined, and nowadays, there is no trace of it inside the Baqi' Cemetery.
==The Prophet's Prayer== 
Salman al-Farsi Mosque is one of the [[Fath Mosques]]. According to narrations, the Prophet (PBUH) prayed at the Fath Mosque and its surrounding mosques.<ref name=":4">Al-Durra al-Thamina fi Tarikh al-Madina, Ibn Najjar, p. 189.</ref> Ibn Shabba reports that during the [[Battle of the Trench]], the Prophet prayed at the base of Mount Sela' and then ascended the mountain to supplicate.<ref name=":2">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Tarikh_al-Madina_al-Munawwara_Ibn_Shabba.pdf&page=59 Tarikh al-Madina al-Munawwara, Ibn Shabba, pp. 58–59.]</ref> Researchers believe this site to be the same as Salman al-Farsi Mosque.<ref name=":1">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Masajid_al-Athariya.pdf&page=144 Masājid al-Athariya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 144.]</ref> 


Location of the Mosque
==History== 
Salman al-Farsi Mosque is one of the oldest mosques in [[Medina]]. Some scholars suggest that it was likely built during the governorship of [[Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz]] over Medina (87–101 AH).<ref name=":6">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Al-Madina_al-Munawwara_Tatawwuruhā_al-ʿUmrānī.pdf&page=188 Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Tatawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī, p. 188.]</ref> The mention of the mosque in the works of Ibn Shabba<ref name=":2" /> (who lived between 173–262 AH) indicates that the mosque existed in the 2nd century AH. 


This mosque was situated in the west of the graves of the Mothers of the Believers and the grave of Aqil in Baqi'.(1)( Kaʿkī, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz. Maʿālim al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn al-ʿimāra wa l-tārīkh.part4.vol2.p633)
Ibn al-Barraj (d. 481 AH) also mentioned this mosque.<ref>Al-Muhadhdhab, Ibn al-Barraj, vol. 1, p. 283.</ref> The mosque was reconstructed in 577 AH.<ref name=":5">Bahjat al-Nufus wa al-Asrar fi Tarikh Dar Hijrat al-Nabi al-Mukhtar, Marjani, vol. 1, p. 570.</ref><ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Al-Madina_al-Munawwara_Tatawwuruhā_al-ʿUmrānī.pdf&page=189 Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Tatawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī, p. 189.]</ref> After this reconstruction, [[Ibn Najjar]] described the mosque as being surrounded by numerous palm trees and constructed with stone and plaster.<ref name=":4" /> Some Shia sources from the 7th century AH mention prayers and visits to this mosque.<ref>Al-Mazar, Muhammad ibn Jaʿfar al-Mashhadi, p. 102.</ref><ref>Misbah al-Zaʾir, Sayyid Ibn Tawus, p. 64.</ref> 
In ancient sources, the location of the mosque was described as on the right side at the entrance of Baqi'. However, the current meaning of "entrance," constructed during the Saudi era, does not refer to the northern side of the present Baqi'. Instead, it is a reference to a place that was previously situated north, in close proximity to the graves of the Prophet's relatives.(2)( Kaʿkī, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz. Maʿālim al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn al-ʿimāra wa l-tārīkh.part4.vol2.p637)


House of Abu Ben Ka'b
[[Ibn Jubayr]] (d. 614 AH) described the mosque in his travelogue as being on the way to [[Mount Uhud]].<ref>Rihlat Ibn Jubayr, p. 156.</ref> The mosque is also mentioned in works from the 8th century,<ref>Rihlat Ibn Battuta, vol. 1, p. 363 / Bahjat al-Nufus wa al-Asrar fi Tarikh Dar Hijrat al-Nabi al-Mukhtar, Marjani, vol. 1, p. 570.</ref> 9th century,<ref>Al-Tuhfa al-Latifa fi Tarikh al-Madina al-Sharifa, Sakhavi, vol. 1, p. 40. / Itharat al-Targhib wa al-Tashwiq (with Ziyarat Bayt al-Maqdis by Ibn Taymiyya), Khwarizmi, vol. 2, p. 74.</ref> 10th century,<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Wafa_al-Wafa_Samhudi_Vol3.pdf&page=189 Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ, Samhudi, vol. 3, p. 189.]</ref> and 11th century.<ref>Al-Jawahir al-Thamina fi Mahasin al-Madina, p. 135 / Al-Rihla al-ʿAyyashiyya, vol. 1, p. 392.</ref> 


Originally, this mosque was the residence of Abu Ben Ka'b, which later transformed into a mosque. Subsequently, it became part of the Baqi' Cemetery. According to a narration, the Prophet had a preference for praying in this location and offered prayers there multiple times.(3)( • Numīrī, Ibn Shabbah. ''Tārīkh al-madīna al-munawwara'.vol1.p64)
==Current Status== 
This mosque was located in the neighborhood of Bani Hudailah or Bani Judailah.(4)( • Numīrī, Ibn Shabbah. ''Tārīkh al-madīna al-munawwara'.vol1.p64) And this mosque has been referred to by these names as well.
Today, Salman al-Farsi Mosque remains a site of visitation and prayer for pilgrims.<ref name=":3">Athar Islami Makka wa Madina, Jaʿfariyan, p. 300.</ref> The mosque features a covered prayer hall in the southern part (qibla side) and a courtyard in the northern section. The prayer hall is rectangular with an arched roof.<ref name=":1" /> The mosque is 8.5 meters long and 7 meters wide.<ref name=":6" /> 


Building History
==Historical Images== 
<gallery> 
File:غغب.jpg|alt= 
File:1776097.jpg|alt= 
File:سلمان2.jpg|alt= 
File:Cdn4.premiumread.jpg|alt= 
File:2024-09-03 06 39 50-الفتح، 7149 - حي - 3378، المدينة المنورة 42312، عربستان سعودی - Google Maps.png|alt=|According to the image, the mosque's entrance was blocked for some time. 
</gallery>


The name of the mosque is mentioned in ancient historical records of Medina. However, reports from the 8th and 9th centuries indicate that the mosque had been demolished. Samhudi (d. 911) listed the name of this mosque among those whose general location is known, but no trace of it remains. He quotes Matri (741 AH), stating that even during his time, the mosque remained in the same condition.(5)( • Samhūdī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā.vol3.p211)
==Recent Images==
According to Samhudi, the Mosque of Abu Ben Ka'b was situated in the west of the tombs of Aqil and the Mothers of the Believers. During his time, only one column of the mosque remained, and according to Samhudi, the remaining ruins indicated that this mosque was built during the time of Umar ibn Abdulaziz.(5)( • Samhūdī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā.vol3.p211)
<gallery> 
File:2024-09-03 07 11 04-Google Maps.png|alt= 
File:2024-09-03 07 06 12-Google Maps.png|Mihrab 
File:2024-09-03 06 59 44-Google Maps.png|alt=|Southern side of the mosque from the outside, showing the mihrab.
File:2024-09-03 07 04 33-Google Maps.png|alt=|Images of the mosque before the installation of glass doors.
File:2024-09-03 07 05 48-Google Maps.png|alt= 
File:2024-09-03 07 00 12-Google Maps.png|alt= 
File:Thumbnail sm MfPou8NzLmWlkOg.webp|alt= 
</gallery> 


14th Century
==Notes== 
{{Notes}} 


Some historians from later periods have mentioned the existence of this mosque. According to Ibrahim Rafat Pasha in "Miraat al-Haramayn," the mosque was reconstructed during the Ottoman rule. The Ottomans had built a sturdy structure with a mihrab for the mosque.(6)( Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn.vol 1.p420)
==References==
His book is the result of his pilgrimage journeys between the years 1318 to 1325 Hijri (1901-1907 AD).(7)( Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn.vol*.p3)
{{References}} 
*Ibn al-Barraj, Al-Qāḍī.** *Al-Muhadhdhab*. Qom: Muʾassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1406 AH. 
*Ibn Ṭāwūs, Sayyid.** *Miṣbāḥ al-Zāʾir*. Qom: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt, 1417 AH.
*Khwārizmī, Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq.** *Ithārat al-Targhīb wa al-Tashwīq (with Ziyārat Bayt al-Maqdis by Ibn Taymiyya)*. Mecca: Maktabat Nizār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1418 AH. 
*Mashhadī, Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar.** *Al-Mazār*. Qom: Nashr al-Qayyūm, 1419 AH.
*Ibn Jubayr.** *Riḥlat Ibn Jubayr (Tadhkira bi al-Akhbār ʿan Ittifāqāt al-Asfār)*. Beirut: Al-Muʾassasa al-ʿArabiyya li al-Dirāsāt wa al-Nashr, 2008 CE. 
*Ibn Baṭṭūṭa.** *Riḥlat Ibn Baṭṭūṭa (Tuḥfat al-Nuẓẓār fī Gharāʾib al-Amṣār wa ʿAjāʾib al-Asfār)*. Rabat: Akādīmiyyat al-Mamlaka al-Maghribiyya, 1417 AH. 
*Sakhāwī, Shams al-Dīn.** *Al-Tuḥfa al-Laṭīfa fī Tārīkh al-Madīna al-Sharīfa*. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1414 AH/1993 CE. 
*Ḥusaynī, Muḥammad Kabrīt al-Madanī.** *Al-Jawāhir al-Thamīna fī Maḥāsin al-Madīna*. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1417 AH. 
*ʿAyyāshī, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad.** *Al-Riḥla al-ʿAyyāshiyya (1661–1663 CE)*. Abu Dhabi: Dār al-Suwaydī, 2006 CE. 
*ʿAbd al-Ghanī, Muḥammad Ilyās.** *Masājid al-Āthārīya fī al-Madīna al-Munawwara*. Medina: Maṭābiʿ al-Rashīd, 1419 AH. 
*Samhūdī, ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh.** *Wafāʾ al-Wafā bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā*. Edited by Qāsim al-Sāmarrāʾī. London: Muʾassasat al-Furqān, 2001 CE. 
*Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl.** *Āthār Islāmī Makka wa Madīna*. Tehran: Nashr Mashʿar, 1390 SH. 
*Ibn Najjār, Muḥammad ibn Maḥmūd.** *Al-Durra al-Thamīna fī Tārīkh al-Madīna*. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīniyya, n.d.
*Muṣṭafā, Ṣāliḥ Lamʿī.** *Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Taṭawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī*. Beirut: Dār al-Nahḍa al-ʿArabiyya, 1981 CE. 


Yasin Ahmad Khayyari (d. 1380 AH / 1960 AD) has also quoted the same expression from the book "Miraat al-Haramayn."(8)( Khiyārī, Sayyid Aḥmad Yāsīn.Tārīkh maʿālimal-madīna al-munawwara qadīman wa ḥadīthan.p203)
He, who wrote his book in the year 1380 Hijri, states: "This mosque is still the same building located inside the walls of Baqi', on the right side. Allah knows best." ."(8)( Khiyārī, Sayyid Aḥmad Yāsīn.Tārīkh maʿālimal-madīna al-munawwara qadīman wa ḥadīthan.p203)
Ayyashi, in the late 14th century, also witnessed this mosque and reported on it. He explicitly mentions that the Turkish government had constructed a mosque inside Baqi', on the right side, near the northern gate of the western wall. During his time, this mosque was in a state of ruin.(9)( ʿAyyāshī, Ibrāhīm .Al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn al-māḍī wa al-ḥāḍir.p169)
وضعیت امروزی*
Today, this mosque no longer exists, and its location is an empty piece of land. It is said that the site of this mosque is now to the east of the Sabeeni area, on the right side for someone entering from the Baqi' gate.(10)( Kaʿkī, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz. Maʿālim al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn a
l-ʿimāra wa l-tārīkh, part4.vol2.p629-630)
According to Kaki, the distance between the location of the Mosque of Abu and the current Baqi' wall is reported to be sixteen meters. The distance from the mosque to the graves of the Mothers of the Believers is 14.5 meters, and the distance from the mosque to the graves of the Ahl al-Bayt is 38.5 meters.(11)( Kaʿkī, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz. Maʿālim al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn a
l-ʿimāra wa l-tārīkh, part4.vol2.p638)
Currently, there is no trace of this mosque. Abdullah bin Muhammad Amin Kordi, who wrote a commentary on the book "Ma'alim al-Madinah al-Munawwarah" by Khayyari in 1410 Hijri, notes in the footnote that "the Mosque of Abu Ben Ka'b is ruined, and there is no trace of it."(8)(Khiyārī, Sayyid Aḥmad Yāsīn.Tārīkh maʿālimal-madīna al-munawwara qadīman wa ḥadīthan.p203)
==Notes==
{{Notes}}
==References==
{{References}}
*ʿAyyāshī, Ibrāhīm .Al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn al-māḍī wa al-ḥāḍir. Medina: al-Maktab al-ʿilmīyya, 1972.
*Kaʿkī, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz. Maʿālim al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn al-ʿimāra wa l-tārīkh, part 1: al-Maʿālim al-Ṭabīʿīyya, vol. 1: al-Jibāl, Beirut: Muʾallif, 1419AH.
*Khiyārī, Sayyid Aḥmad Yāsīn.Tārīkh maʿālimal-madīna al-munawwara qadīman wa ḥadīthan. Riyadh: al-Amāna alʿāmma li-liḥtifāl miʾat ʿām ʿalā tʾsīs al-mamlika al- ʿarabiyya al-suʿūdiyya, 1419 AH/1999.
*Numayrī, Ibn Shabbah. ''Tārīkh al-madīna al-munawwara''. Edited by Fahīm Muḥammad Shaltūt. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1380 sh.
*Rafʿat Pāshā, Ibrāhīm . ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, aw, al-raḥlāt al-ḥijāziyya wa al-ḥaj wa mashāʿirihi al-dīniyya''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d].
*Samhūdī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā. Edited by Muḥammad Muḥyi al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: 1984.
{{end}}
{{end}}
{{Places in Medina}} 
[[Category:Mosques in Medina]] 
[[Category:Completed articles]]

Revision as of 15:09, 18 March 2025

Salman al-Farsi Mosque
Template:Px
General Information
PlaceSaudi Arabia * Medina * Near the Fath Mosque and at the edge of Mount Sela'
UsageMosque
Religious Aspect
Religious AffiliationIslam
History
Time of Construction1st century AH
Historical FeaturesThe place where the Prophet(s) prayed
Current State
StatusExisting

Directions

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Salman al-Farsi Mosque is one of the historical mosques in Medina, located south of the Fath Mosque and northwest of Mount Sela'. The Prophet (PBUH) prayed at this site during the Battle of the Trench. The mosque is named after Salman al-Farsi, one of the companions of [[Prophet Muhammad(s)], who suggested digging the trench to defend against the Quraysh army. The mosque features a courtyard and a rectangular prayer hall.

Name and Location

Salman al-Farsi Mosque is located south of the Fath Mosque and northwest of the slopes of Mount Sela'.[1] It is said that the mosque was named after Salman al-Farsi, a companion of the Prophet (PBUH), who played a key role in the Battle of the Trench by proposing the idea of digging the trench.[1]

The Prophet's Prayer

Salman al-Farsi Mosque is one of the Fath Mosques. According to narrations, the Prophet (PBUH) prayed at the Fath Mosque and its surrounding mosques.[2] Ibn Shabba reports that during the Battle of the Trench, the Prophet prayed at the base of Mount Sela' and then ascended the mountain to supplicate.[3] Researchers believe this site to be the same as Salman al-Farsi Mosque.[4]

History

Salman al-Farsi Mosque is one of the oldest mosques in Medina. Some scholars suggest that it was likely built during the governorship of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz over Medina (87–101 AH).[5] The mention of the mosque in the works of Ibn Shabba[3] (who lived between 173–262 AH) indicates that the mosque existed in the 2nd century AH.

Ibn al-Barraj (d. 481 AH) also mentioned this mosque.[6] The mosque was reconstructed in 577 AH.[7][8] After this reconstruction, Ibn Najjar described the mosque as being surrounded by numerous palm trees and constructed with stone and plaster.[2] Some Shia sources from the 7th century AH mention prayers and visits to this mosque.[9][10]

Ibn Jubayr (d. 614 AH) described the mosque in his travelogue as being on the way to Mount Uhud.[11] The mosque is also mentioned in works from the 8th century,[12] 9th century,[13] 10th century,[14] and 11th century.[15]

Current Status

Today, Salman al-Farsi Mosque remains a site of visitation and prayer for pilgrims.[16] The mosque features a covered prayer hall in the southern part (qibla side) and a courtyard in the northern section. The prayer hall is rectangular with an arched roof.[4] The mosque is 8.5 meters long and 7 meters wide.[5]

Historical Images

  • According to the image, the mosque's entrance was blocked for some time.

Recent Images

  • Mihrab
    Mihrab
  • Southern side of the mosque from the outside, showing the mihrab.
  • Images of the mosque before the installation of glass doors.

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Masājid al-Athariya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 143.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Al-Durra al-Thamina fi Tarikh al-Madina, Ibn Najjar, p. 189.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Tarikh al-Madina al-Munawwara, Ibn Shabba, pp. 58–59.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Masājid al-Athariya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 144.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Tatawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī, p. 188.
  6. ↑ Al-Muhadhdhab, Ibn al-Barraj, vol. 1, p. 283.
  7. ↑ Bahjat al-Nufus wa al-Asrar fi Tarikh Dar Hijrat al-Nabi al-Mukhtar, Marjani, vol. 1, p. 570.
  8. ↑ Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Tatawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī, p. 189.
  9. ↑ Al-Mazar, Muhammad ibn Jaʿfar al-Mashhadi, p. 102.
  10. ↑ Misbah al-Zaʾir, Sayyid Ibn Tawus, p. 64.
  11. ↑ Rihlat Ibn Jubayr, p. 156.
  12. ↑ Rihlat Ibn Battuta, vol. 1, p. 363 / Bahjat al-Nufus wa al-Asrar fi Tarikh Dar Hijrat al-Nabi al-Mukhtar, Marjani, vol. 1, p. 570.
  13. ↑ Al-Tuhfa al-Latifa fi Tarikh al-Madina al-Sharifa, Sakhavi, vol. 1, p. 40. / Itharat al-Targhib wa al-Tashwiq (with Ziyarat Bayt al-Maqdis by Ibn Taymiyya), Khwarizmi, vol. 2, p. 74.
  14. ↑ Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ, Samhudi, vol. 3, p. 189.
  15. ↑ Al-Jawahir al-Thamina fi Mahasin al-Madina, p. 135 / Al-Rihla al-ʿAyyashiyya, vol. 1, p. 392.
  16. ↑ Athar Islami Makka wa Madina, Jaʿfariyan, p. 300.

References

  • Ibn al-Barraj, Al-Qāḍī.** *Al-Muhadhdhab*. Qom: Muʾassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1406 AH.
  • Ibn Ṭāwūs, Sayyid.** *Miṣbāḥ al-Zāʾir*. Qom: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt, 1417 AH.
  • Khwārizmī, Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq.** *Ithārat al-Targhīb wa al-Tashwīq (with Ziyārat Bayt al-Maqdis by Ibn Taymiyya)*. Mecca: Maktabat Nizār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1418 AH.
  • Mashhadī, Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar.** *Al-Mazār*. Qom: Nashr al-Qayyūm, 1419 AH.
  • Ibn Jubayr.** *Riḥlat Ibn Jubayr (Tadhkira bi al-Akhbār ʿan Ittifāqāt al-Asfār)*. Beirut: Al-Muʾassasa al-ʿArabiyya li al-Dirāsāt wa al-Nashr, 2008 CE.
  • Ibn Baṭṭūṭa.** *Riḥlat Ibn Baṭṭūṭa (Tuḥfat al-Nuẓẓār fī Gharāʾib al-Amṣār wa ʿAjāʾib al-Asfār)*. Rabat: Akādīmiyyat al-Mamlaka al-Maghribiyya, 1417 AH.
  • Sakhāwī, Shams al-Dīn.** *Al-Tuḥfa al-Laṭīfa fī Tārīkh al-Madīna al-Sharīfa*. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1414 AH/1993 CE.
  • Ḥusaynī, Muḥammad Kabrīt al-Madanī.** *Al-Jawāhir al-Thamīna fī Maḥāsin al-Madīna*. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1417 AH.
  • ʿAyyāshī, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad.** *Al-Riḥla al-ʿAyyāshiyya (1661–1663 CE)*. Abu Dhabi: Dār al-Suwaydī, 2006 CE.
  • ʿAbd al-Ghanī, Muḥammad Ilyās.** *Masājid al-Āthārīya fī al-Madīna al-Munawwara*. Medina: Maṭābiʿ al-Rashīd, 1419 AH.
  • Samhūdī, ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh.** *Wafāʾ al-Wafā bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā*. Edited by Qāsim al-Sāmarrāʾī. London: Muʾassasat al-Furqān, 2001 CE.
  • Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl.** *Āthār Islāmī Makka wa Madīna*. Tehran: Nashr Mashʿar, 1390 SH.
  • Ibn Najjār, Muḥammad ibn Maḥmūd.** *Al-Durra al-Thamīna fī Tārīkh al-Madīna*. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīniyya, n.d.
  • Muṣṭafā, Ṣāliḥ Lamʿī.** *Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Taṭawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī*. Beirut: Dār al-Nahḍa al-ʿArabiyya, 1981 CE.

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