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Pourghorbani

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"Badr Martyrs Cemetery."
{{Building
"The graveyard of the martyrs of Badr is located in the vicinity of the city of Medina in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. According to historical accounts, the martyrs of the Battle of Badr are buried there. Badr is situated near the city of Medina. The cemetery of the Badr martyrs, according to historical travelogues, was an area adjacent to the Arish Mosque. Today, there is still a cemetery with a wall in the city of Badr, recognized as the burial place of the martyrs of Badr."
| title = Salman al-Farsi Mosque
| image =سلمان.jpg
| image size =
| image link =
| image description =
| other names =
| place = [[Saudi Arabia]] * [[Medina]] * Near the [[Fath Mosque]] and at the edge of Mount Sela' 
| usage = Mosque
| religious affiliation = Islam
| beliefs =
| rituals =
| rulings =
| pilgrims =
| visitors =
| time of construction = 1st century AH
| founder =
| events =
| reconstructions =
| reconstructors =
| missing parts =
| historical features = The place where the Prophet(s) prayed
| trustee =
| space =
| length =
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| status = Existing
| capacity =
| facilities =
| parts =
| architect =
| style =
| properties =
| domes =
| minarets =
| doors =
| porticos =
| courts =
| verandas =
| affiliated entity =
| maintaining entity =
| administrator =
| imam of prayer =
| subsidiary entities =
| registered in =
| registration no. =
| registration date =
| website =
| latitude =  24.477443
| longitude = 39.595562
| map description =
}} 
'''Salman al-Farsi Mosque''' is one of the historical mosques in Medina, located south of the [[Fath Mosque (Medina)|Fath Mosque]] and northwest of [[Mount Sela']]. The Prophet (PBUH) prayed at this site during the [[Battle of the Trench]]. The mosque is named after [[Salman al-Farsi]], one of the companions of [[Prophet Muhammad(s)], who suggested digging the trench to defend against the Quraysh army. The mosque features a courtyard and a rectangular prayer hall.


"The Battle of Badr"
==Name and Location== 
"The Battle of Badr was the first military expedition led by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in a region of the same name, occurring in the year 2 AH (After Hijra). At that time, Badr was a gathering place for the Arabs, hosting an annual market for eight days starting from the beginning of the month of Dhu al-Qa'dah."(1)( Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Maghāzī'.vol1.p384,,, • Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī.vol2.p28). "The Battle of Badr, which lasted half a day, concluded with the killing of seventy and the capture of the same number of polytheists. Only fourteen Muslims, consisting of six migrants and eight supporters, achieved martyrdom in this battle."(2)(' Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā.vol2.p12,,, Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Maghāzī'.vol1.p145-152).
Salman al-Farsi Mosque is located south of the [[Fath Mosque]] and northwest of the slopes of [[Mount Sela']].<ref name=":0">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Masajid_al-Athariya.pdf&page=143 Masājid al-Athariya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 143.]</ref> It is said that the mosque was named after [[Salman al-Farsi]], a companion of the Prophet (PBUH), who played a key role in the [[Battle of the Trench]] by proposing the idea of digging the trench.<ref name=":0" /> 


"Martyrs of Badr
==The Prophet's Prayer== 
Most historians have identified the martyrs of Badr as fourteen individuals. These fourteen include the following individuals:"(3) • Zāhidī Muqaddam, Muḥammad. Qazwi-yi badr, shuhadā wa mazārāt-i ān .p91).
Salman al-Farsi Mosque is one of the [[Fath Mosques]]. According to narrations, the Prophet (PBUH) prayed at the Fath Mosque and its surrounding mosques.<ref name=":4">Al-Durra al-Thamina fi Tarikh al-Madina, Ibn Najjar, p. 189.</ref> Ibn Shabba reports that during the [[Battle of the Trench]], the Prophet prayed at the base of Mount Sela' and then ascended the mountain to supplicate.<ref name=":2">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Tarikh_al-Madina_al-Munawwara_Ibn_Shabba.pdf&page=59 Tarikh al-Madina al-Munawwara, Ibn Shabba, pp. 58–59.]</ref> Researchers believe this site to be the same as Salman al-Farsi Mosque.<ref name=":1">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Masajid_al-Athariya.pdf&page=144 Masājid al-Athariya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 144.]</ref> 
"Martyrs of Badr from the Migrants:


1. Ubaidah bin Harith
==History== 
2. Umayr bin Abi Waqqas
Salman al-Farsi Mosque is one of the oldest mosques in [[Medina]]. Some scholars suggest that it was likely built during the governorship of [[Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz]] over Medina (87–101 AH).<ref name=":6">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Al-Madina_al-Munawwara_Tatawwuruhā_al-ʿUmrānī.pdf&page=188 Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Tatawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī, p. 188.]</ref> The mention of the mosque in the works of Ibn Shabba<ref name=":2" /> (who lived between 173–262 AH) indicates that the mosque existed in the 2nd century AH.
3. Umayr bin Abd Amr bin Nudlah Khazai
4. Aqil bin Bukayr
5. Mihja' Ghulam of Umar bin Khattab
6. Safwan bin Bayda


Martyrs of Badr from the Ansar:
Ibn al-Barraj (d. 481 AH) also mentioned this mosque.<ref>Al-Muhadhdhab, Ibn al-Barraj, vol. 1, p. 283.</ref> The mosque was reconstructed in 577 AH.<ref name=":5">Bahjat al-Nufus wa al-Asrar fi Tarikh Dar Hijrat al-Nabi al-Mukhtar, Marjani, vol. 1, p. 570.</ref><ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Al-Madina_al-Munawwara_Tatawwuruhā_al-ʿUmrānī.pdf&page=189 Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Tatawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī, p. 189.]</ref> After this reconstruction, [[Ibn Najjar]] described the mosque as being surrounded by numerous palm trees and constructed with stone and plaster.<ref name=":4" /> Some Shia sources from the 7th century AH mention prayers and visits to this mosque.<ref>Al-Mazar, Muhammad ibn Jaʿfar al-Mashhadi, p. 102.</ref><ref>Misbah al-Zaʾir, Sayyid Ibn Tawus, p. 64.</ref> 


1. Sa'd bin Khuthaimah
[[Ibn Jubayr]] (d. 614 AH) described the mosque in his travelogue as being on the way to [[Mount Uhud]].<ref>Rihlat Ibn Jubayr, p. 156.</ref> The mosque is also mentioned in works from the 8th century,<ref>Rihlat Ibn Battuta, vol. 1, p. 363 / Bahjat al-Nufus wa al-Asrar fi Tarikh Dar Hijrat al-Nabi al-Mukhtar, Marjani, vol. 1, p. 570.</ref> 9th century,<ref>Al-Tuhfa al-Latifa fi Tarikh al-Madina al-Sharifa, Sakhavi, vol. 1, p. 40. / Itharat al-Targhib wa al-Tashwiq (with Ziyarat Bayt al-Maqdis by Ibn Taymiyya), Khwarizmi, vol. 2, p. 74.</ref> 10th century,<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=File:Wafa_al-Wafa_Samhudi_Vol3.pdf&page=189 Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ, Samhudi, vol. 3, p. 189.]</ref> and 11th century.<ref>Al-Jawahir al-Thamina fi Mahasin al-Madina, p. 135 / Al-Rihla al-ʿAyyashiyya, vol. 1, p. 392.</ref> 
2. Mubashir bin Abdul-Mundhir bin Zunbur
3. Yazid bin Harith bin Fushum
4. Umayr bin Humam
5. Rafi bin Mu'awi
6. Harithah bin Suraqah bin Harith
7. Awf bin Harith bin Rufa'ah
8. Mu'adh bin Harith bin Rufa'ah."


"The city of Badr"
==Current Status== 
"Today, the region of Badr, also known as Badr Hunayn, has transformed into a city located 153 kilometers from Medina and 310 kilometers from Mecca. Its population in the year 1425 AH was over 33,000 people, and considering the population of its suburbs, it exceeded 58,000 people."(4)( • Zāhidī Muqaddam, Muḥammad. Qazwi-yi badr, shuhadā wa mazārāt-i ān.p17).
Today, Salman al-Farsi Mosque remains a site of visitation and prayer for pilgrims.<ref name=":3">Athar Islami Makka wa Madina, Jaʿfariyan, p. 300.</ref> The mosque features a covered prayer hall in the southern part (qibla side) and a courtyard in the northern section. The prayer hall is rectangular with an arched roof.<ref name=":1" /> The mosque is 8.5 meters long and 7 meters wide.<ref name=":6" /> 


"Historical reports about the Badr Cemetery
==Historical Images== 
One of the oldest known reports about the Badr Cemetery dates back to Waqidi (d. 207 AH)."(5)( • Zāhidī Muqaddam, Muḥammad. Qazwi-yi badr, shuhadā wa mazārāt-i ān.p110).
<gallery> 
"According to Waqidi's report, the burial places of the martyrs were at some distance from each other."(6) Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Maghāzī'.vol1.p147).
File:غغب.jpg|alt= 
"In the fifth century, Bihiqi (d. 458 AH) visited this cemetery as a place of pilgrimage."(7) Bayhaqī, Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn al-. ''Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa wa maʿrifat aḥwāl ṣāḥib al-sharīʿa''.vol3.p125).
File:1776097.jpg|alt= 
"In the sixth century, Ibn Jubayr observed the burial place of the martyrs of Badr in the year 578 AH. According to him, on that day, the battlefield of Badr had been transformed into a date palm grove, and the cemetery of the martyrs of Badr was located behind that date palm grove."(8)( • Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr.p148).
File:سلمان2.jpg|alt= 
"Approximately a century later, in the year 688 AH, Abdari visited Badr and reported a large cemetery where the graves of the martyrs of Badr were located, west of the Arish Mosque."(9)( • ʿAbdarī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad. Riḥla al- ʿAbdarī.p346/347).
File:Cdn4.premiumread.jpg|alt= 
"Several centuries later, in the year 1110 (AH 1170), Muhammad Taqi Sharifi Fasi reported about the location of the graves of the martyrs of Badr, surrounded by a short wall. He also mentioned a sanctuary attached to the cemetery. (Sharifi Fasi's travelogue, p. 354). In 1179, Wirthlani reported on the cemetery and the surrounding wall."(10)( • Warthīlānī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad. Al-Riḥla al- Warthīlānīyya..vol1.p419).
File:2024-09-03 06 39 50-الفتح، 7149 - حي - 3378، المدينة المنورة 42312، عربستان سعودی - Google Maps.png|alt=|According to the image, the mosque's entrance was blocked for some time.
"Other reports do not provide significantly different information."(11)( • Burckhardt,  John Lewis. Tarḥāl fī al-jazīra al-ʿarabīyya.vol2.p193-195,,, • Hājib al-Dawla, ʿAlī b. Ḥusayn. Safarnāma Hāj ʿAlīkhān Iʿtimād al-salṭana..p97).
</gallery>


"The current status of the graves of the martyrs of Uhud."
==Recent Images==
"Mohammad Ali Najafi, who visited the city of Badr between 1354-1357 SH (1975-1978), writes about the graves of the martyrs of Badr: 'During a period of pilgrimage and research in this area, I observed that the graves of the martyrs are situated among the general cemetery of Badr. Similar to all cemeteries in Saudi Arabia, they are flat, nameless, and unmarked. Only a short wall covered with white cement, fenced with iron rods, separates these graves from other tombs, giving them distinction.'"(12)( • Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī.vol2.p172).
<gallery> 
"The images available today of the cemetery of the martyrs of Badr depict a large graveyard surrounded by a white wall, with the graves marked by specific stones."(13)( "The images of the cemetery of Baqi.")
File:2024-09-03 07 11 04-Google Maps.png|alt= 
منابع
File:2024-09-03 07 06 12-Google Maps.png|Mihrab 
Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭā. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya,1410AH-1990.
File:2024-09-03 06 59 44-Google Maps.png|alt=|Southern side of the mosque from the outside, showing the mihrab.
• Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr''. Beirut: Dār al-Maktaba al-Hilāl, 1986.
File:2024-09-03 07 04 33-Google Maps.png|alt=|Images of the mosque before the installation of glass doors.
• Warthīlānī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad. Al-Riḥla al- Warthīlānīyya. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa, 1429 AH.
File:2024-09-03 07 05 48-Google Maps.png|alt= 
Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Maghāzī''. Edited by Marsden Jones. Beirut: Muʾassisa al-Aʿlām, 1409 AH.
File:2024-09-03 07 00 12-Google Maps.png|alt= 
File:Thumbnail sm MfPou8NzLmWlkOg.webp|alt= 
</gallery> 


Bayhaqī, Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn al-. ''Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa wa maʿrifat aḥwāl ṣāḥib al-sharīʿa''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Muʿṭī al-Qalʿajī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1405 AH.
==Notes==  
• Burckhardt, John Lewis. Tarḥāl fī al-jazīra al-ʿarabīyya (Travels in Arabia). Cairo: Al-Markaz al-Raqūmī li-l-Tarjuma, 2007.
{{Notes}}  
• ʿAbdarī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad. Riḥla al- ʿAbdarī. Damascus: Dār al- Saʿd al-Din, 1426 AH.
• Zāhidī Muqaddam, Muḥammad. Qazwi-yi badr, shuhadā wa mazārāt-i ān. Tehran: Hajj and Pilgrimage Research Institute, 1401 sh.


• Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1387 sh.
==References==
• Hājib al-Dawla, ʿAlī b. Ḥusayn. Safarnāma Hāj ʿAlīkhān Iʿtimād al-salṭana. . Tehran: Mashʿar, 1379 sh.
{{References}} 
*Ibn al-Barraj, Al-Qāḍī.** *Al-Muhadhdhab*. Qom: Muʾassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1406 AH. 
*Ibn Ṭāwūs, Sayyid.** *Miṣbāḥ al-Zāʾir*. Qom: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt, 1417 AH. 
*Khwārizmī, Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq.** *Ithārat al-Targhīb wa al-Tashwīq (with Ziyārat Bayt al-Maqdis by Ibn Taymiyya)*. Mecca: Maktabat Nizār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1418 AH. 
*Mashhadī, Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar.** *Al-Mazār*. Qom: Nashr al-Qayyūm, 1419 AH. 
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*Sakhāwī, Shams al-Dīn.** *Al-Tuḥfa al-Laṭīfa fī Tārīkh al-Madīna al-Sharīfa*. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1414 AH/1993 CE. 
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*ʿAyyāshī, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad.** *Al-Riḥla al-ʿAyyāshiyya (1661–1663 CE)*. Abu Dhabi: Dār al-Suwaydī, 2006 CE.
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*Samhūdī, ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh.** *Wafāʾ al-Wafā bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā*. Edited by Qāsim al-Sāmarrāʾī. London: Muʾassasat al-Furqān, 2001 CE. 
*Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl.** *Āthār Islāmī Makka wa Madīna*. Tehran: Nashr Mashʿar, 1390 SH. 
*Ibn Najjār, Muḥammad ibn Maḥmūd.** *Al-Durra al-Thamīna fī Tārīkh al-Madīna*. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīniyya, n.d. 
*Muṣṭafā, Ṣāliḥ Lamʿī.** *Al-Madīna al-Munawwara: Taṭawwuruhā al-ʿUmrānī*. Beirut: Dār al-Nahḍa al-ʿArabiyya, 1981 CE.
 
{{end}}
{{Places in Medina}} 
[[Category:Mosques in Medina]] 
[[Category:Completed articles]]
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